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PK ! �� @ @ ko/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � @ � � �1 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �sU$ver 0 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� -�'pass�0 0 ���� ���� ���� ���� S7dychfn�0 B ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���IvigrL0 7 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �N�hlogi1 - S�Vchsh91 B ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �qvipw0 7 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� $version$ 2.5.0 vipw - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 패스워드 파일 편집 vigr - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz 패스워드 파일 편집 passwd - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz 패스워드 파일 chfn - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz 사용자 finger 정보를 바꾼다. login - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz 시스템 접속 chsh - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz 사용자 로그인 쉘을 바꾼다. PK ! 7�N� � ko/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! ��i ` ` pt/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � ` � �O �? R �X s ���!debc�C ? y��5deb O @ �qyfake�Q y ��M%deb-�G H �� apt-�2 R ��]vaddu�6 U H��manps9 '{Lapt-�3 M ��b[dpkg�> _ ���Esour�8 G N��edebc5C > �}HQman >E R �'�`deb8PO G s��dpkgES R c<�Gdpkg�S O �C� apt-�; Z m�[man-�D Q 6�_dpkgZT @ ���Adpkg+9 ? 0:8dpkg�T > ���� [qa0dpkg�T ; ���� {vddeb-�H _ k#�ZdpkgEU k S�acce 5 a ���� �sU$ver 0 -#apt-O< r [-�kapt.�7 B ��p/etc�6 ( D0�debcB ? ��zwhat?F R ~?Ozsoe�F A X�)'apt \3 ; E��Pdeb-OH 0 ���� ���� ���� �ŋJapt-�1 J ���� ���� ���� �xd=dpkgGX [ ���� ���� ���� ���� ���"fake#Q ) ���� ���� � 2dpkgL4 ^ ���� ���vdeb-MM G ���� ���� ���pdpkg�= \ �*�0dpkgbR [ :�-Zdebc�@ a �Wfake�9 & ���� ���� ���� �<zXapt-�2 Z Z�W.apt-+2 l ( dpkg�= I ,�D;apt_8 ] w��?deb-�F K t�� debc�B M �_ Sdeb-bN b �5'fakeUQ y (��dpkg�U K ���� ���� ���� o� lexg$D V x��Vdpkg4W ? �+i"dpkg @ K :� gdpkg]@ @ U/rdeb-ZI O �r�^dpkg}V Q �'�Pdpkg�W W ���zdeb-�H O ���� �'isensy: . ��"mdpkg�@ : ���eapro�C U ���� ���� ���� �]�sdpkg�? Y ��jdsc �O T ���� ���� ���� �[�Ddeb-�G P ��I3apt_z8 M X��Zsele�9 f 6� apt-�: f ��addg�0 G ���deb-+L U ��1deb-K P �~;TdebcgB [ e<�7dpkg�V @ ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��Qdpkg�R f ���� �V-delu0 E �9Ocatmw5 T ��Gsens�: , C�* dpkgH> Y ��" deb-�L [ ���� K�dfake�P � ���� ���� F�#Gdpkg�4 @ \�� /etc(7 ( a�+7deb-8G W ��t)deb-�L J ��WVmanc�D X ���� N��*apt-�1 D �U�8apt-�< T lN[deb-�K X +�dpkg V S �dpkg&? S c��tdeb-qK M ��G>delub7 U ��~manp�E S ��;Ldeb-�I Q �s�-deb-�M Y (��$apt-k; a ���?dpkg T = �y� deb- J I ���� ��Idelg]0 E ��+mand�5 Z �,Astar�3 G ��*Rmanp�E D ���� G6hapt-7= H 꽛fdeb-�N / ���� Z�keaddu�0 G &� )upda_A ^ e � deb- N I �W�{fake P � ���� eHdebc�A 4 ���� #��&apt-26 M ���#apt-J1 4 �K deb-cJ M ��H deb-�J M [chdpkg�W Q ���� ���� ���� �@>msens3: 5 $version$ 2.5.0 deluser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz remove um utilizador ou grupo do sistema delgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz remove um utilizador ou grupo do sistema adduser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz adiciona um utilizador ou grupo ao sistema addgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz adiciona um utilizador ou grupo ao sistema apt-cache - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz pesquisa a cache do APT apt-cdrom - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Utilitário de gestão de CD-ROM do APT apt-config - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Programa de Consulta de Configuração do APT apt-get - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Utilitário de manuseamento de pacotes do APT -- interface de linha de comandos apt-key - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Utilitário de gestão de chaves do APT descontinuado apt-mark - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz mostrar, definir e apagar várias definições para um pacote apt - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz interface de linha de comandos apt-secure - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Suporte de autenticação de arquivos para o APT start-stop-daemon - 8 8 1757448556 0 A - - gz inicia e pára programas daemon do sistema dpkg-preconfigure - 8 8 1645368169 0 A - - gz permite que os pacotes façam perguntas antes da sua instalação dpkg-reconfigure - 8 8 1645368169 0 A - - gz reconfigura um pacote já instalado accessdb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz despeja o conteúdo de uma base de dados man-db num formato legível catman - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz cria ou actualiza as páginas do manual pré-formatadas mandb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - t gz cria ou actualiza as caches de índice das páginas do manual apt-patterns - 7 7 1707838744 0 A - - gz Sintaxe e semânticas dos padrões do apt search /etc/adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C adduser.conf - gz adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 A - - gz ficheiro de configuração para adduser(8) eaddgroup(8). /etc/deluser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C deluser.conf - gz deluser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 A - - gz ficheiro de configuração para deluser(8) edelgroup(8). apt.conf - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Ficheiro de configuração para o APT apt_auth.conf - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Ficheiro de configuração de Login para fontes e proxies do APT apt_preferences - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Ficheiro de controle de preferências para o APT sources.list - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Lista das fontes de dados APT configuradas dpkg.cfg - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz ficheiro de configuração do dpkg manpath manpath 5 manpath 1 faked - 1 1 1646512380 0 C faked-sysv - gz ig select-editor - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz seleciona o seu editor-sensible a partir de todos os editores instalados. sensible-browser - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz navegação web sensible sensible-editor - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz edição sensible sensible-pager - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz sensible paging apt-transport-http - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Transporte do APT para descarregar via Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) apt-transport-https - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Transporte do APT para descarregar via Protocolo Seguro HTTP (HTTPS) apt-transport-mirror - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Transporte do APT para selecção de mirror mais automatizada apt-extracttemplates - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Utilitário para extrair configurações e modelos debconf a partir de pacotes Debian apt-sortpkgs - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Utilitário para organizar ficheiros índice de pacotes apt-ftparchive - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Utilitário para gerar ficheiros de índice dpkg-deb - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz ferramenta de manipulação de arquivos de pacote Debian (.deb) dpkg-divert - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz sobrepõe a versão de pacote de um ficheiro dpkg-realpath - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz escreve o nome de caminho resolvido com suporte de DPKG_ROOT dpkg-maintscript-helper - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz contorna limitações conhecidas do dpkg em scripts de maintainer. dpkg-query - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz uma ferramenta para questionar a base de dados do dpkg dpkg-split - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz ferramenta de divisão/junção de arquivos de pacote Debian dpkg-statoverride - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz sobrepõe a propriedade e o modo dos ficheiros dpkg-trigger - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz um utilitário de trigger de pacote dpkg - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz gestor de pacotes para Debian debconf-apt-progress - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz instala pacotes usando o debconf para mostrar uma barra de progresso update-alternatives - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz mantém links simbólicos que determinam os comandos predefinidos debconf-communicate - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz comunicar com o debconf debconf-copydb - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz copia uma base de dados de debconf debconf-escape - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz ajuda quando se trabalha com a capacidade de escape do debconf debconf-set-selections - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz insere novos valores na base de dados do debconf debconf-show - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz questiona a base de dados debconf debconf - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz executa um programa usando debconf apropos - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz procurar nas páginas do manual por nomes e descrições lexgrog - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz analisar informação de cabeçalho em páginas do manual man-recode - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz converte páginas do manual para outra codificação manconv - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz converte páginas do manual de uma codificação para outra man - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - t gz um ambiente para os manuais de referência do sistema manpath 5 - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz formato do ficheiro /etc/manpath.config manpath 1 - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz determina o caminho de procura para páginas do manual whatis - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz mostra descrições das páginas do manual numa linha zsoelim - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz satisfaz pedidos .so na entrada roff deb-version - 7 7 1757448556 0 A - - gz formato Debian do número de versão do pacote deb-buildinfo - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz formato Debian de ficheiro de informação de compilação deb-changelog - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz formato do ficheiro changelog de pacotes fonte dpkg deb-changes - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Formato Debian de ficheiros de alterações deb-conffiles - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz conffiles de pacote deb-control - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz formato Debian de ficheiro de controle mestre de pacotes binários deb-extra-override - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz ficheiro de sobreposição extra de arquivo Debian deb-old - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz formato Debian de pacote binário do estilo antigo deb-origin - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Ficheiros de informação específicos do fornecedor deb-override - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz ficheiro de sobreposição de arquivo Debian deb-postinst - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz script de maintainer pós-instalação do pacote deb-postrm - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz script de maintainer de pós-remoção do pacote deb-preinst - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz script de maintainer de pré-instalação do pacote deb-prerm - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz script de maintainer de pré-remoção do pacote deb-shlibs - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz ficheiro de informação de biblioteca partilhada de Debian deb-split - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz formato Debian de pacotes binários de múltiplas partes deb-src-control - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz formato Debian de ficheiro de controle mestre de pacotes fonte deb-src-files - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Formato Debian de distribuição de ficheiros deb-src-rules - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Ficheiro de regras de pacotes fonte Debian deb-src-symbols - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz ficheiro modelo de biblioteca partilhada extensiva de Debian deb-substvars - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz variáveis de substituição de fonte Debian deb-symbols - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz ficheiro de informação de biblioteca partilhada extensiva de Debian deb-triggers - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz triggers de pacote deb - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Formato Debian de pacotes binários deb822 - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Formato Debian de dados de controle RFC822 dsc - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz formato Debian de ficheiro de controle de pacotes fonte faked-sysv - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz daemon que recorda as propriedades/permissões falsas dos ficheiros manipulados por processos do fakeroot. faked-tcp - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz daemon que recorda as propriedades/permissões falsas dos ficheiros manipulados por processos do fakeroot. fakeroot - 1 1 1646512380 0 C fakeroot-sysv - gz fakeroot-sysv - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz corre um comando num ambiente onde finge privilégios de root para manipulação de ficheiro fakeroot-tcp - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz corre um comando num ambiente onde finge privilégios de root para manipulação de ficheiro dpkg-architecture - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz define e determina a arquitectura para compilação de pacotes dpkg-buildflags - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz retorna flags de compilação para usar durante a compilação de pacotes dpkg-buildpackage - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz compila pacotes binários ou fonte a partir de fontes dpkg-checkbuilddeps - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz verifica dependências e conflitos de compilação dpkg-distaddfile - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz adiciona entradas a debian/files dpkg-genbuildinfo - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz gera ficheiros .buildinfo de Debian dpkg-genchanges - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz gera ficheiros .changes Debian dpkg-gencontrol - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz gera ficheiros de controle Debian dpkg-gensymbols - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz gera ficheiros symbols (informação de dependência de biblioteca partilhada) dpkg-mergechangelogs - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz fusão de 3 vias de ficheiros debian/changelog dpkg-name - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz renomeia pacotes Debian para o nome de pacote completo dpkg-parsechangelog - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz analisa ficheiros de registos de alterações Debian dpkg-scanpackages - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz cria ficheiros de índices Packages dpkg-scansources - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz cria ficheiros de índices Sources dpkg-shlibdeps - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz gera dependências substvar de biblioteca partilhada dpkg-source - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz ferramenta de manipulação de pacotes fonte Debian (.dsc) dpkg-vendor - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz recolhe informação acerca dos fornecedores da distribuição PK ! 7�N� � pt/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! �?΅ ` ` nl/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � ` � �? �O �Q ^ �qyfake�J � s��dpkgPL P c<�Gdpkg�L L ��M%deb-A D �� apt-e1 \ ��b[dpkg : b H��manp.6 '{Lapt-=2 U �}HQman x> I ���Esour�5 N �'�`deb8VH E 6�_dpkg`M A 0:8dpkgN ? ���� ���� �C� apt-�7 i m�[man-�= E ���� ���Adpkg�5 : ���� ���� [qa0dpkg�M @ ���� {vddeb-�A b k#�ZdpkgRN | S�acce�2 ^ ���� �sU$ver 0 -#apt- 8 � [-�kapt.�4 8 ��zwhat_? F ~?Ozsoe�? ? E��Pdeb-gA A ���� X�)'apt �2 3 ���� ���� ���� ���� �ŋJapt-�0 N ���� ���� ���� �xd=dpkg�Q Y ���� ���� ���� ���� ���"fake%J ) ���� ���� ���� ���� ���vdeb-]F I ���� ���� ���pdpkg�9 ` �*�0dpkgxK c ���� �WfakeK6 & ���� ���� ���� �<zXapt-�1 k Z�W.apt-�0 h ( dpkgF9 R ,�D;apt_�4 S w��?deb- @ J �_ Sdeb-tG ] �5'fakeWJ � (��dpkg�N O ���� ���� ���� ���� o� lexg}= G x��VdpkgLP 9 �+i"dpkgN; J :� gdpkg< L U/rdeb-�B P �r�^dpkg�O ? �'�PdpkgQ b ���zdeb-$B J ���� ��"mdpkgo< 8 ���� ���eapro"= S ���� ���� ���� �]�sdpkg�; a ��jdsc �H Z ���� ���� ���� �[�Ddeb-�@ Z ��I3apt_,5 T 6� apt-y6 t ���deb-@E O e<�7dpkg P : ���� ��1deb-3D K ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��Qdpkg�K S ���� �9Ocatm�3 L ��" deb-�E _ C�* dpkg�: ] ���� ���� ���� K�dfake�I � ���� ���� ���� a�+7deb-V@ K ���� ��t)deb-F G ��WVmanc > T ���� N��*apt-0 A �U�8apt-�8 N lN[deb-�D T +�dpkgBO P �dpkg�: Q c��tdeb-�D M ��~manp? C ��;Ldeb-�B L ���?dpkgM = �s�-deb-�F ] (��$apt- 7 n ���� �y� deb-0C D ���� ��+mand�3 J ��*Rmanp�> C �,Astar;3 F ���� ���� G6hapt-�8 E 꽛fdeb-�G , ���� &� )upda�< b e � deb-!G E �W�{fake I � ���� ���� ���� ���� #��&apt-64 G ���#apt-[0 7 �K deb-�C L ��H deb-�C N [chdpkg�P t ���� ���� ���� y��5deb H < $version$ 2.5.0 apt-cdrom - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Hulpprogramma van APT voor CD-beheer apt-cache - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz zoeken in de cache van APT apt-config - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Programma om de configuratie van APT op te vragen apt-get - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT gereedschap voor het behandelen van pakketten -- commandoregelinterface apt-key - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Verouderd hulpprogramma voor het beheer van de sleutels van APT apt-mark - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz toon verschillende instellingen van een pakket, stel ze in of maak ze ongedaan apt-secure - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Ondersteuning in APT voor de authenticatie van archieven apt - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz commandoregelinterface accessdb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz dumps the content of a man-db database in a human readable format start-stop-daemon - 8 8 1757448556 0 A - - gz start en stopt systeemachtergronddiensten catman - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz create or update the pre-formatted manual pages mandb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - t gz create or update the manual page index caches apt-patterns - 7 7 1707838744 0 A - - gz Syntaxis en semantiek van apt-zoekpatronen apt.conf - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Configuratiebestand van APT apt_auth.conf - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Login-configuratiebestand voor APT-bronnen en -proxy's apt_preferences - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Bestand om de voorkeursinstellingen voor APT te beheren sources.list - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Lijst met geconfigureerde gegevensbronnen van APT dpkg.cfg - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz configuratiebestand voor dpkg manpath manpath 5 manpath 1 faked - 1 1 1646512380 0 C faked-sysv - gz e apt-transport-http - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Transportmethode van APT voor het downloaden via het Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) apt-transport-https - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Transportmethode van APT voor het downloaden via het HTTP Secure protocol (HTTPS) apt-transport-mirror - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Transportmethode van APT voor een meer geautomatiseerde siegelserverselectie apt-extracttemplates - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Hulpprogramma om configuratie-informatie en sjablonen voor debconf uit Debian-pakketten te extraheren apt-ftparchive - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Hulpprogramma om indexbestanden te maken apt-sortpkgs - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Hulpprogramma om pakketindexbestanden te sorteren dpkg-divert - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz de versie van een bestand in een pakket overschrijven dpkg-deb - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz gereedschap voor het behandelen van een Debian pakketarchief (.deb) dpkg-maintscript-helper - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz omzeilt in de scripts van de onderhouder gekende beperkingen van dpkg dpkg-query - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz een gereedschap om te zoeken in de database van dpkg dpkg-realpath - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz de opgezochte padnaam met ondersteuning voor DPKG_ROOT weergeven dpkg-statoverride - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz eigenaarschap en modus van bestanden wijzigen dpkg-split - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz gereedschap voor het splitsen/samenvoegen van Debian pakketarchieven dpkg-trigger - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz een hulpprogramma in verband met pakkettriggers dpkg - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz pakketbeheerder voor Debian update-alternatives - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz symbolische koppelingen onderhouden welke standaardcommando's bepalen apropos - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz namen en beschrijvingen van de man-pagina's doorzoeken lexgrog - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz hoofdinginformatie in manpagina's ontleden man-recode - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz convert manual pages to another encoding manconv - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz converteert man-pagina van een codering naar een andere man - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - t gz an interface to the system reference manuals manpath 5 - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz format of the /etc/manpath.config file manpath 1 - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz determine search path for manual pages whatis - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz display one-line manual page descriptions zsoelim - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz satisfy .so requests in roff input deb-version - 7 7 1757448556 0 A - - gz Indeling van het pakketversienummer in Debian deb-buildinfo - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Indeling van het Debian bouw-informatiebestand deb-changelog - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz indeling van het dpkg changelog-bestand van broncodepakketten deb-changes - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Indeling van het Debian changes-bestand deb-conffiles - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz configuratiebestanden van een pakket deb-control - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Indeling van het hoofdcontrolebestand van de Debian binaire pakketten deb-extra-override - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz extra override-bestand van het Debian-archief deb-old - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz oude indelingswijze van een binair pakket in Debian deb-origin - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Bestanden met leveranciersspecifieke informatie deb-override - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz override-bestand van het Debian-archief deb-postinst - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz post-installatiescript van de pakketonderhouder deb-postrm - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz post-verwijderingsscript van de pakketonderhouder deb-preinst - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz pre-installatiescript van de pakketonderhouder deb-prerm - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz pre-verwijderingsscript van de pakketonderhouder deb-shlibs - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Informatiebestand van Debian over gedeelde bibliotheken deb-split - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Indeling van een meerdelig binair pakket in Debian deb-src-control - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Indeling van het hoofdcontrolebestand van Debian-broncodepakketten deb-src-files - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Indeling van het Debian distributiebestand deb-src-rules - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Aanwijzingenbestand van Debian-bronpakketten deb-src-symbols - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Uitgebreid sjabloonbestand van Debian voor gedeelde bibliotheken deb-substvars - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Substitutievariabelen in Debian broncode deb-symbols - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Informatiebestand over Debian's uitgebreide gedeelde bibliotheek deb-triggers - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz pakket-triggers deb - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Binair pakketformaat van Debian deb822 - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian RFC822-indeling voor controledata dsc - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Indeling van het controlebestand van Debian-broncodepakketten faked-sysv - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz daemon die valse eigenaren/toegangsrechten onthoudt van bestanden die door fakeroot-processen zijn bewerkt. faked-tcp - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz daemon die valse eigenaren/toegangsrechten onthoudt van bestanden die door fakeroot-processen zijn bewerkt. fakeroot - 1 1 1646512380 0 C fakeroot-sysv - gz fakeroot-sysv - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz voert een commando uit in een omgeving die root-privileges fingeert voor het manipuleren van bestanden fakeroot-tcp - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz voert een commando uit in een omgeving die root-privileges fingeert voor het manipuleren van bestanden dpkg-architecture - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz de architectuur voor het bouwen van pakketten instellen en vaststellen dpkg-buildflags - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz geeft de bij pakketbouw te gebruiken bouwvlaggen terug dpkg-buildpackage - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz binaire of broncodepakketten bouwen uit de broncode dpkg-checkbuilddeps - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz controleer bouwvereisten en -tegenstrijdigheden dpkg-distaddfile - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz items toevoegen aan debian/files dpkg-genbuildinfo - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz genereer Debian .buildinfo-bestanden dpkg-genchanges - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian .changes-bestanden genereren dpkg-gencontrol - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian control-bestanden genereren dpkg-gensymbols - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz symboolbestanden genereren (informatie over afhankelijkheidsrelaties met gedeelde bibliotheken) dpkg-mergechangelogs - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz 3-wegs samenvoeging van debian/changelog-bestanden dpkg-name - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz hernoem Debian-pakketten naar volledige pakketnamen dpkg-parsechangelog - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz ontleed Debian changelog-bestanden dpkg-scanpackages - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Packages-indexbestanden maken dpkg-scansources - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Sources-indexbestanden maken dpkg-shlibdeps - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz substitutievariabelen genereren over afhankelijkheidsrelaties tot gedeelde bibliotheken dpkg-source - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz gereedschap voor het manipuleren van een Debian broncodepakket (.dsc) dpkg-vendor - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz vraagt informatie op over de leveranciers van de distributie PK ! 7�N� � nl/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! �3� � � de/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � � � �; �E u; �? p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �_ BE ^F �f p �e � S` � ���!debc�V I �K deb-�a A ��H deb-�a G ��Ytloa�M T �}HQman 9[ Q ��F<fail1A � ��]vaddu B P '{Lapt-�6 L V�Wupda�1 Y ���Esour D B H��manp%E ��b[dpkg P Z N��edebcSV ; ��M%deb-�^ < c��tdeb-xb H �C� apt-�K c m�[man-�Y O isuzgrou�8 6 ֯�Ruser<= U e�clogi*2 W ���Adpkg�D 5 [qa0dpkg�^ ' lN[deb-�b P {vddeb-]_ Y n�\chgp 8 K S�acce @ b ��pass<T A �sU$ver 0 -#apt-eL v [-�kapt.C 9 =Wuser�< q ��p/etc�2 ( ^�|remo�0 W ��vshadZE 1 X�)'apt �6 7 � �Cgrpcf< U f��hvmsts7 I D0�debcIU ; ؎�rvim�X L �ŋJapt-u5 > ��Qfail�A C �UNvim �V L ��zwhat�Z R ~?Ozsoe�[ H ��� peek8\ N E��Pdeb-#_ , ��t)deb-�c ; +|gpkil|; ! �s�-deb-sd W e � deb-�d B �? gpas�S C Icm&chpaq8 D � 2dpkg�> P ���vdeb- d F -�'passDF �sdgrou�9 R ���pdpkgO R 꽛fdeb-^ * @��apwun< U �ٱ<pmap�I I S7dychfn�R h :�-Zdebc�T e ���EsyscXD E �<zXapt-)6 a �c insts0 ? Z�W.apt-�5 c z��igrpu�; U ,�D;apt_UC V ( dpkgmO L mq�fail�? t�� debc�U J �X�_fuse�[ T w��?deb-h] E =��Edeb-S` 8 �_ Sdeb-*e Z �wVupti�M K o� lexg?Y U �+i"dpkg(Q W ��?newg;G 5 :� gdpkg�Q < �mpslo�\ B U/rdeb-�` J ���zdeb- ` @ y��5deb �_ 5 P�|pwco�: U �'isens�H 5 ��"mdpkg�Q 7 �Ulast�2 d �e� ps <J S ՟rvalix? O �]�sdpkg�P X ��cexpiNS e f.�<add-0 Y �SRpassT . ���eapro�X Q ��pwaiN; ! ��I3apt_�C @ X��Zsele�G s 6� apt-�J p ��addg�3 R �[�Ddeb-I^ M ��1deb-"b J �~;Tdebc�U P ���deb-%c B ���IvigrJ> k �'�`deb8�e < ܨ !save�1 : ��jdsc �e H �Wfake f & ��I grou�8 0 �W�{fakeKf � �N�hlogi�F @ S�Vchsh�O 6 �V-delu/4 T �9Ocatmk@ T ��Gsens�H , �: grpc�9 K 2��user�= 9 �=^Qtemp�E \ C�* dpkg�N ] @�{Mw KN Z � Iiex �W T F�#Gdpkg ? K \�� /etc|B ( T�}|freeI F ��2rvieCX L ���ogsha�D 6 �� run-$1 S A2Znolo53 = N��*apt-�4 ; �g� whic�F 7 �U�8apt-�L I V �3grou69 U �dpkgrP H ��G>delu�B P �?05sysc%7 G ���opgre`I � x�c chagR H (��$apt-lK m Y��<sg wG S b��ypwdx�J R ���[view<W T ��Idelg�4 T ��+mand�@ e �,Astar�7 G PT�whicwF / ��WVmanc�Y H G6hapt-FM J N��newuA: W b��bpwck�: L Z�keadduz3 R &� )updadR i ��*RmanpFZ E ��~manp�Z A �qvipw�= k eHdebc U 5 3kill�E > �fVcpstr ] C ���#apt--5 > a�+7deb-�] I Z6�svi �W T Q�[prts�\ A ��" deb-qc U ��;Ldeb-�` H �y� deb-<a 9 �@>msensNH 6 $version$ 2.5.0 add-shell - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz Shells zu der Liste der gültigen Anmelde-Shells hinzufügen installkernel - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz installiert ein neues Kernel-Image remove-shell - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz entfernt Shells aus der Liste der gültigen Anmelde-Shells run-parts - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz Skripte oder Programme in einem Verzeichnis ausführen savelog - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz eine Protokolldatei speichern update-passwd - 8 8 1648028560 0 A - - gz /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow und /etc/group sicher aktualisieren login.defs - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz Konfiguration der Werkzeugsammlung für Shadow-Passwörter /etc/adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C adduser.conf - gz in lastlog - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz berichtet die letzte Anmeldung für alle oder einen bestimmten Benutzer nologin - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz lehnt höflich eine Anmeldung ab adduser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz richtet im System einen Benutzer oder eine Gruppe ein addgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz richtet im System einen Benutzer oder eine Gruppe ein deluser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz entfernt einen Benutzer oder eine Gruppe aus dem System delgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz entfernt einen Benutzer oder eine Gruppe aus dem System apt-cdrom - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT-CD-ROM-Verwaltungswerkzeug apt-cache - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz den APT-Zwischenspeicher abfragen apt-config - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT-Konfigurationsabfrageprogramm apt-get - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT-Werkzeug für den Umgang mit Paketen -- Befehlszeilenschnittstelle apt-mark - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz zeigt, setzt und hebt verschiedene Einstellungen für ein Paket auf. apt - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Befehlszeilenschnittstelle apt-secure - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Archivauthentifizierungsunterstützung für APT sysctl - 8 8 1698752164 0 A - - gz Kernelparameter zur Laufzeit konfigurieren vmstat - 8 8 1698752164 0 A - - gz Statistiken zum virtuellen Speicher anzeigen start-stop-daemon - 8 8 1757448556 0 A - - gz startet und stoppt System-Daemon-Programme chgpasswd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz aktualisiert Gruppenpasswörter im Batch-Modus chpasswd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz aktualisiert Passwörter im Batch-Modus groupadd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz erstellt eine neue Gruppe groupdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz löscht eine Gruppe groupmems - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz verwaltet die Mitglieder der Hauptgruppe eines Benutzers groupmod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz ändert die Eigenschaften einer Gruppe auf dem System grpck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz überprüft die Stimmigkeit der Gruppendateien newusers - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz erstellt oder aktualisiert mehrere neue Benutzer am Stück pwck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz überprüft die Stimmigkeit der Passwortdateien pwconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz konvertiert zu oder von Shadow-Passwörtern und -gruppen pwait - 1 1 1698752164 0 C pgrep - gz - gz pkill - 1 1 1698752164 0 C pgrep - gz - gz grpunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz konvertiert zu oder von Shadow-Passwörtern und -gruppen pwunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz konvertiert zu oder von Shadow-Passwörtern und -gruppen grpconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz konvertiert zu oder von Shadow-Passwörtern und -gruppen useradd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz erstellt einen neuen Benutzer oder aktualisiert die Standardwerte für neue Benutzer userdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz löscht ein Benutzerkonto und die dazugehörigen Dateien usermod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz verändert ein Benutzerkonto vipw - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz bearbeitet die Passwort-, Gruppen-, Shadow-Passwort- oder Shadow-Gruppen-Datei vigr - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz bearbeitet die Passwort-, Gruppen-, Shadow-Passwort- oder Shadow-Gruppen-Datei dpkg-preconfigure - 8 8 1645368169 0 A - - gz lässt Pakete vor ihrer Installation Fragen stellen dpkg-reconfigure - 8 8 1645368169 0 A - - gz rekonfiguriere ein bereits installiertes Paket validlocale - 8 8 1769761256 0 A - - gz Prüfen, ob eine übergebene Locale verfügbar ist faillog faillog 8 faillog 5 accessdb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz gibt den Inhalt einer man-db-Datenbank in menschenlesbarem Format aus catman - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz erzeugt oder aktualisiert vorformatierte Handbuchseiten mandb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - t gz Zwischenspeicher für Handbuchseiten-Indizes erzeugen oder aktualisieren faillog 8 - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz zeigt Aufzeichnungen der fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen an oder richtet Beschränkungen für fehlgeschlagene Anmeldungen ein faillog 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz Datei mit fehlgeschlagenen Anmeldungen adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 A - - gz Konfigurationsdatei für adduser(8) undaddgroup(8). /etc/deluser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C deluser.conf - gz deluser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 A - - gz Konfigurationsdatei für deluser(8) und delgroup(8) apt.conf - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Konfigurationsdatei für APT apt_auth.conf - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Anmeldungskonfigurationsdatei für APT-Quellen und Proxys apt_preferences - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Voreinstellungssteuerdatei für APT sources.list - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Liste konfigurierter APT-Datenquellen sysctl.conf - 5 5 1698752164 0 A - - gz Vorlade-/Konfigurationsdatei für Sysctl dpkg.cfg - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz dpkg-Konfigurationsdatei gshadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz Shadow-Datei für Gruppen manpath manpath 5 manpath 1 - gz die Passwortdatei shadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz Shadow-Passwortdatei killall - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz Prozesse anhand des Namens töten config tempfile - 1 1 1648043394 0 A - - gz eine temporäre Datei in einer sicheren Art und Weise erstellen passwd passwd 5 passwd 1 which.debianutils - gz which.debianutils - 1 1 1648043394 0 A - - gz finde einen Befehl which - 1 1 1709258875 837177092 B - - gz finde einen Befehl login - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz startet eine Sitzung auf dem System newgrp - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz als neue Gruppe anmelden sg - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz führt einen Befehl unter einer anderen Gruppen-ID aus select-editor - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz wählt Ihre Vorgabe für den vernünftigen Editor aus allen installierten Editoren aus sensible-browser - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz vernünftiges Web-Browsen sensible-editor - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz vernünftiges Bearbeiten sensible-pager - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz sensible paging free - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz Anzeige des freien und belegten Speichers pgrep - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz Prozesse finden oder ein Signal auf Basis des Namens oder anderer Attribute senden oder auf Prozesse warten pmap - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz die Speicherzuordnung eines Prozesses melden ps - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - t gz einen Schnappschuss der aktuellen Prozesse darstellen. pwdx - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz aktuelles Arbeitsverzeichnis eines Prozesses anzeigen apt-transport-http - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT-Transportmethode zum Herunterladen über das Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) apt-transport-https - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT-Transportmethode zum Herunterladen mittels HTTP-Sicherheitsprotokoll (HTTPS) apt-transport-mirror - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT-Transportmethode für stärker automatisierte Spiegelserverauswahl apt-extracttemplates - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Hilfsprogramm zum Extrahieren der debconf-Konfiguration und Schablonen von Debian-Paketen apt-sortpkgs - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Werkzeug zum Sortieren von Paketindexdateien apt-ftparchive - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Hilfsprogramm zum Generieren von Indexdateien tload - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz grafische Darstellung der durchschnittlichen Systemlast uptime - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz feststellen, wie lange das System schon läuft w - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz anzeigen, welche Benutzer angemeldet sind und was sie machen. dpkg-realpath - 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1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz ändert den vollständigen Namen eines Benutzers und sonstige Informationen expiry - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz überprüft die Regeln für den Verfall des Passworts und setzt diese um gpasswd - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow passwd 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz die Passwortdatei passwd 1 - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz ändert das Passwort eines Benutzers debconf-apt-progress - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz installiere Pakete mittels Debconf zur Anzeige eines Fortschrittsbalkens debconf-communicate - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz kommuniziere mit Debconf debconf-copydb - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz kopiere eine Debconf-Datenbank debconf-escape - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz Helfer beim Arbeiten mit Debconfs Schutz-Fähigkeit debconf-set-selections - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz füge neue Werte in die Debconf-Datenbank ein debconf-show - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz frage die Debconf-Datenbank ab debconf - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz führe ein Debconf-verwendendes Programm aus vim - 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Z�W.apt-�5 c ,�D;apt_UC V ( dpkgmO L t�� debc�U J mq�fail�? w��?deb-h] E �5'fake�g z (��dpkg�j Q ���� ���� o� lexg?Y U ���� �+i"dpkg(Q W ��?newg;G 5 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �e� ps <J S ���� ���� ���� f.�<add-0 Y ���� ���� ��pwaiN; ! ��I3apt_�C @ 6� apt-�J p ���deb-%c B ��addg�3 R e<�7dpkg:k = ��1deb-"b J ���� m-�%slat'l _ ���� ���� ܨ !save�1 : ��ethe�l L ���� ��I grou�8 0 ���� ��Qdpkg-i J ���� �V-delu/4 T ��" deb-qc U C�* dpkg�N ] �: grpc�9 K 2��user�= 9 ���� ���� ���� ���� \�� /etc|B ( ��2rvieCX L a�+7deb-�] I ��t)deb-�c ; �g� whic�F 7 �� run-$1 S A2Znolo53 = N��*apt-�4 ; �U�8apt-�L I x�c chagR H V �3grou69 U �dpkgrP H ��G>delu�B P �?05sysc%7 G ��~manp�Z A �s�-deb-sd W (��$apt-lK m Y��<sg wG S �y� deb-<a 9 ���?dpkg�i B ��+mand�@ e +�dpkg�j J �,Astar�7 G PT�whicwF / 3kill�E > ��3arp �k 8 N��newuA: W ���� &� )updadR i e � deb-�d B ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �K deb-�a A ��H deb-�a G ���#apt--5 > ���� ���� ���� ���� ���!debc�V I �� f c<�Gdpkg � K ���� ���� ��Ytloa�M T �}HQman 9[ Q ��]vaddu B P ��b[dpkg P Z '{Lapt-�6 L V�Wupda�1 Y ���Esour D B N��edebcSV ; �'�`deb8�e < 6�_dpkg_� @ ���xdpkg�� ' ���� ���� ���� isuzgrou�8 6 ֯�Ruser<= U e�clogi*2 W ���Adpkg�D 5 ���� ���� {vddeb-]_ Y k#�Zdpkg:� l ���� ���� ��zwhat�Z R E��Pdeb-#_ , [-�kapt.C 9 ��p/etc�2 ( ��vshadZE 1 ^�|remo�0 W ~?Ozsoe�[ H � �Cgrpcf< U ���� f��hvmsts7 I ���� ���� �ŋJapt-u5 > ��Qfail�A C �UNvim �V L ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� +|gpkil|; ! ���� ���� jD�oplip$� K ���� ���� ���vdeb- d F �w_dpkg� > ���� ���pdpkgO R ���� @��apwun< U S7dychfn�R h :�-Zdebc�T e �X�_fuse�[ T ���EsyscXD E �<zXapt-)6 a z��igrpu�; U =��Edeb-S` 8 �_ Sdeb-*e Z ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �wVupti�M K �mpslo�\ B x��Vdpkg � : :� gdpkg�Q < U/rdeb-�` J �r�^dpkg�� ? �'�Pdpkg�� N ���zdeb- ` @ ���� P�|pwco�: U �'isens�H 5 ��"mdpkg�Q 7 �Ulast�2 d ��cexpiNS e ՟rvalix? 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T�}|freeI F ���� ���ogsha�D 6 ��WVmanc�Y H ���� ���� lN[deb-�b P ���� ���� c��tdeb-xb H ���[view<W T ���opgre`I � ��;Ldeb-�` H ���� ���� ���� b��ypwdx�J R ���� ��Idelg�4 T ��*RmanpFZ E ���� ���� ���� G6hapt-FM J 꽛fdeb-^ * b��bpwck�: L �W�{fakeKf � Z�keadduz3 R ���� ���� �qvipw�= k eHdebc U 5 ���� ���� ���� ���� Z6�svi �W T Q�[prts�\ A [chdpkgT� Y ���� ���� �@>msensNH 6 dpkg-checkbuilddeps - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Bauabhängigkeiten und -konflikte überprüfen dpkg-genbuildinfo - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian-.buildinfo-Dateien erstellen dpkg-genchanges 5 - 5 5 1757448556 0 C deb-changes - gz dpkg-genchanges 1 - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian-.changes-Dateien erstellen dpkg-gensymbols - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Symboldateien (Abhängigkeitsinformationen für Laufzeitbibliotheken) erstellen dpkg-parsechangelog - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian-Changelog-Dateien auswerten dpkg-scansources - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Quell-Index-Dateien erstellen dpkg-shlibdeps - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Substvar-Abhängigkeiten für Laufzeitbibliotheken erstellen dpkg-source - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian Quellpaket- (.dsc) Manipulations-Werkzeuge ifconfig - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz Konfiguration einer Netzwerkskarte netstat - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz Anzeige von Netzwerksverbindungen, Routentabellen, Schnittstellenstatistiken, maskierten Verbindungen, Netlink-Nachrichten und Mitgliedschaft in Multicastgruppen plipconfig - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz Einstellung von PLIP Schnittstellen-Parametern rarp - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz Manipulation des RARP-Caches route - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz Anzeigen der IP-Routen-Tabelle PK ! 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( ��2rviekN � ���� ���ogsha�C f A2Znolo2 b ��WVmanc�R f ���� x�c chagFF � ���� V �3grou�5 w ���� ��G>delu^C Z ���[view�M � ��~manp�S k ���� ���� Y��<sg �E j ���� ���� ��Idelg�3 l ��+mand�@ x ��*RmanphS H �T�\vimd"Q � 3kill V c ���� N��newu 7 � b��bpwck�7 b Z�keaddu{2 n ���� ���� ���� �qvipw�< � eHdebc�I ^ ���� ���� ���� ���� Z6�svi P � Q�[prts W V ���� ���� ���� ���!debcL d $version$ 2.5.0 update-passwd - 8 8 1648028560 0 A - - gz безопасное обновление файлов /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow и /etc/group login.defs - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz содержит конфигурацию подсистемы теневых паролей /etc/adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C adduser.conf - gz lastlog - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz выводит отчёт о последней регистрации в системе всех или указанного пользователя nologin - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz вежливо отказывает во входе в систему adduser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz добавляют пользователя или группу в систему addgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz добавляют пользователя или группу в систему deluser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz удаляют пользователя или группу из системы delgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz удаляют пользователя или группу из системы chgpasswd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz обновляет пароли групп в пакетном режиме chpasswd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz обновляет пароли в пакетном режиме groupadd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz создаёт новую группу groupdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz удаляет группу groupmems - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz управляет членами первичной группы пользователя groupmod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz изменяет определение группы в системе grpck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz проверяет корректность файлов групп newusers - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz обновляет и создаёт новые учётные записи пользователей в пакетном режиме pwck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz проверяет целостность файлов паролей pwconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz преобразует пароли пользователей и групп в/из защищённую форму passwd passwd 5 passwd 1 0 C grpunconv - gz faillog faillog 8 faillog 5 grpunconv - gz grpunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz преобразует пароли пользователей и групп в/из защищённую форму grpconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz преобразует пароли пользователей и групп в/из защищённую форму pwunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz преобразует пароли пользователей и групп в/из защищённую форму userdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz удаляет учётную запись и файлы пользователя useradd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz регистрирует нового пользователя или изменяет информацию по умолчанию о новых пользователях usermod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz изменяет учётную запись пользователя vipw - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz позволяют редактировать файлы паролей, групп, теневых паролей пользователей или групп. vigr - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz позволяют редактировать файлы паролей, групп, теневых паролей пользователей или групп. dpkg-preconfigure - 8 8 1645368169 0 A - - gz позволяет пакетам задать вопросы перед установкой dpkg-reconfigure - 8 8 1645368169 0 A - - gz перенастраивает заново уже установленный пакет accessdb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz сбрасывает содержимое базы данных man-db в понятный человеку формат /etc/deluser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C deluser.conf - gz catman - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz создаёт или обновляет уже отформатированные справочные страницы mandb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - t gz создаёт или обновляет кэши index справочных страниц faillog 8 - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz показывает записи из файла faillog или задаёт предел неудачных попыток входа в систему faillog 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz файл протокола неудачных попыток входа в систему semanage.conf - 5 5 1647525996 0 A - - gz глобальный файл конфигурации для библиотеки управления SELinux adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 A - - gz - файл настройки для adduser(8) и addgroup(8). deluser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 A - - gz файл настройки для deluser(8) и delgroup(8). gshadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz файл с защищаемой информацией о группах manpath manpath 5 manpath 1 - gz файл паролей shadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz файл теневых паролей pslog - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz report current logs path of a process .config login - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz начинает сеанс в системе newgrp - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz выполняет регистрацию пользователя в новой группе sg - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz выполняет команду с правами другой группы chage - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz изменяет информацию об устаревании пароля пользователя chfn - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz изменяет информацию о пользователе chsh - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz изменяет регистрационную оболочку пользователя expiry - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz проверяет и изменяет пароль согласно политике устаревания gpasswd - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow debconf-apt-progress - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz устанавливает пакеты используя debconf для показа индикатора выполнения passwd 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz файл паролей passwd 1 - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz изменяет пароль пользователя debconf-communicate - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz программа для взаимодействия с debconf debconf-copydb - 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1 1 1709258889 485327544 B - - gz Vi IMproved (Улучшенный Vi), текстовый редактор для программистов rvim - 1 1 1778086578 0 B - - gz Vi IMproved (Улучшенный Vi), текстовый редактор для программистов vimdiff - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz позволяет редактировать две или три версии файла с помощью Vim с отображением различий. apropos - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz поиск в именах справочных страниц и кратких описаниях lexgrog - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz анализирует заголовочную информацию справочных страниц manconv - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz изменяет кодировку справочной страницы manpath 5 - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz формат файла /etc/manpath.config manpath 1 - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz определяет путь поиска справочных страниц man - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - t gz доступ к системным справочным страницам whatis - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz показывает однострочные описания справочных страниц zsoelim - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz выполняет .so запросы для входящих данных roff fuser - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - 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8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz a lastlog fájl vizsgálata passwd passwd 5 passwd 1 A - - gz Jelszófájl login - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz Új kapcsolat felvétele a rendszerrel (bejelentkezés) newgrp - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz Csoportazonosító módosítása sg - 1 1 1707224063 0 B - - gz Parancs végrehajtása más csoportazonoító alatt chsh - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz bejelentkezési parancsértelmező (héj) állítása gpasswd - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz az /etc/group fájlt adminisztrálja passwd 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz Jelszófájl passwd 1 - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz Felhasználói jelszó megváltoztatása PK ! 7�N� � hu/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! L�K� � � index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � � � ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` p p p p p p p p � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 P P P P P P P P ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � P P P P P P P P ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` p p p p p p p p @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` p p p p p p p p � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � P P P P P P P P ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` freeaddrinfo - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz network address and service translation mount.lowntfs-3g - 8 8 1776448468 0 B - 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1 1 1777987607 0 A - - gz Apache HTTP server benchmarking tool pam_setquota - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM module to set or modify disk quotas on session start x25519 X25519 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz EVP_PKEY X25519 and X448 support xdr_wrapstring - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation insw - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz port I/O slist_foreach SLIST_FOREACH 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked list dpkg::conf Dpkg::Conf 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz parse dpkg configuration files mcookie - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz generate magic cookies for xauth rsh - 1 1 1709258951 18004940 B - - gz OpenSSH remote login client busybox 1 - 1 1 1723556363 0 A - - gz The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux login 1 - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz begin session on the system sigorset - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz POSIX signal set operations locale locale 7 locale 5 locale 1 listxattr - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz list extended attribute names mysql_tzinfo_to_sql - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - - gz load the time zone tables org.freedesktop.logcontrol1 org.freedesktop.LogControl1 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz D-Bus interface to query and set logging configuration faillock - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Tool for displaying and modifying the authentication failure record files free 1 - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz Display amount of free and used memory in the system recno - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz record number database access method isblank - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz character classification functions locale::recodedata::iso_8859_15 Locale::RecodeData::ISO_8859_15 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ISO-8859-15 phar8.3 - 1 1 1770998325 0 A - - gz PHAR (PHP archive) command line tool perf-list - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz List all symbolic event types addgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz add a user or group to the system dmmp_path_status_str - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Convert path status to string. mallinfo - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz obtain memory allocation information feof_unlocked - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz nonlocking stdio functions cosl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz cosine function iptables-legacy-restore - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api dpkg-buildflags - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz returns build flags to use during package build grub-mkstandalone - 1 1 1671398486 0 A - - gz make a memdisk-based GRUB image capsh - 1 1 1775747088 0 A - - gz capability shell wrapper col9 - 1 1 1581948710 0 B - - gz awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9) x86_64-linux-gnu-dwp - 1 1 1764774481 0 B - - gz The DWARF packaging utility lwp-mirror - 1p 1 1643396234 0 A - - gz Simple mirror utility /etc/deluser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C deluser.conf - gz towctrans - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz wide-character transliteration getchar_unlocked - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz nonlocking stdio functions seccomp - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz operate on Secure Computing state of the process ram - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz ram disk device rpcgen - 1 1 1648202254 0 A - - gz an RPC protocol compiler res_query - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz resolver routines systemd-cryptsetup - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Full disk decryption logic hosts.equiv - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz list of hosts and users that are granted "trusted" r command access to your system zgrep - 1 1 1662384839 0 A - - gz search possibly compressed files for a regular expression dmmp_path_group_status_get - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Retrieve path group status. lirc - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz lirc devices svc_getreqset 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz uri::escape URI::Escape 3pm 3 1635280325 0 A - - gz Percent-encode and percent-decode unsafe characters mkfifo 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz make FIFOs (named pipes) acct 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz switch process accounting on or off locale::recodedata::ibm420 Locale::RecodeData::IBM420 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM420 sscanf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz input format conversion deb-substvars - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian source substitution variables isprint - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz character classification functions mysqlshow - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - t gz display database, table, and column information lto-dump - 1 1 1766043084 0 C x86_64-linux-gnu-lto-dump-11 - gz acos - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz arc cosine function ctanhf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex hyperbolic tangent connect - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz initiate a connection on a socket deb-postinst - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz package post-installation maintainer script fdim - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz positive difference significandl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get mantissa of floating-point number iconv_close - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz deallocate descriptor for character set conversion mtrace 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz malloc tracing spu_create - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create a new spu context host - 1 1 1774366276 0 A - - gz DNS lookup utility inet_ntop - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert IPv4 and IPv6 addresses from binary to text form atexit - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz register a function to be called at normal process termination tc-cgroup - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz control group based traffic control filter evp_pkey-ed448 EVP_PKEY-ED448 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY X25519, X448, ED25519 and ED448 keytype and algorithm support evp_mac-blake2 EVP_MAC-BLAKE2 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The BLAKE2 EVP_MAC implementations git-bugreport - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Collect information for user to file a bug report initgroups - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz initialize the supplementary group access list pam_echo - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM module for printing text messages byobu-enable-prompt - 1 1 1581948710 0 B - - gz add and remove a nice color prompt to your shell configuration nextafter - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz floating-point number manipulation dpkg::deps Dpkg::Deps 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz parse and manipulate dependencies of Debian packages setvtrgb 8 - 8 8 1671200073 0 A - - gz set the virtual terminal RGB colors $version$ 2.5.0 libnftables-json - 5 5 1660109789 0 A - t gz Supported JSON schema by libnftables perf-sched - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Tool to trace/measure scheduler properties (latencies) netlink 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz communication between kernel and user space (AF_NETLINK) svcfd_create 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls mq_unlink 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz remove a message queue scanf - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz input format conversion pcre PCRE 3 3 1652773428 0 C pcrepattern - gz finitef - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz BSD floating-point classification functions locale::recodedata::macarabic Locale::RecodeData::MACARABIC 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for MACARABIC fgetpwent - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get password file entry ct ct 8 ct 7ssl evp_signature-ecdsa EVP_SIGNATURE-ECDSA 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The EVP_PKEY ECDSA signature implementation. timezone - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz initialize time conversion information getprotobynumber_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get protocol entry (reentrant) gitremote-helpers - 7 7 1772135393 0 A - - gz Helper programs to interact with remote repositories locale::recodedata::ibm1026 Locale::RecodeData::IBM1026 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM1026 lchown - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz change ownership of a file HEAD 1p - 1p 1 1643396234 0 B - - gz Simple command line user agent clntraw_create 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz cpow - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz complex power function org.freedesktop.import1 - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz The D-Bus interface of systemd-importd getopt 1 - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz parse command options (enhanced) kernel_lockdown - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz kernel image access prevention feature gamma - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz (logarithm of the) gamma function truncate 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz truncate a file to a specified length isspace_l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz character classification functions gpgtar - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz Encrypt or sign files into an archive ife IFE 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-ife - gz rpc_gss_set_defaults - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "set service and quality of protection" remquo - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz remainder and part of quotient koi8-u - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz Ukrainian character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal free_hugepages - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz allocate or free huge pages unzipsfx - 1 1 1706802775 0 A - - gz self-extracting stub for prepending to ZIP archives utimensat 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz change file timestamps with nanosecond precision setspent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get shadow password file entry htdigest - 1 1 1777987607 0 A - - gz manage user files for digest authentication locale::recodedata::ibm037 Locale::RecodeData::IBM037 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM037 sigstack - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz set and/or get signal stack context crontab 5 - 5 5 1648043353 0 A - - gz tables for driving cron user-dirs.defaults - 5 5 1648202040 0 A - - gz default settings for XDG user dirs thin_check - 8 8 1647606993 0 A - - gz validates thin provisioning metadata on a device or file sleep 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz sleep for a specified number of seconds setterm - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz set terminal attributes perf-evlist - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz List the event names in a perf.data file mpx - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz unimplemented system calls tc-hfsc 8 - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Hierarchical Fair Service Curve's control under linux rewinddir - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz reset directory stream pthreads - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz POSIX threads git-reflog - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Manage reflog information btrfs-check - 8 8 1645724395 0 A - - gz check or repair a btrfs filesystem info 1ssl - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands strtoll - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert a string to a long integer vgrename - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Rename a volume group openlog - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz send messages to the system logger umount umount 8 umount 2 tnftp - 1 1 1648202475 0 A - - gz Internet file transfer program updwtmp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz append an entry to the wtmp file systemd.preset - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Service enablement presets gresource - 1 1 1769623074 0 A - - gz GResource tool gettext 1 - 1 1 1648204267 0 A - - gz translate message iso_8859_1 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-1 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal systemd-ask-password-wall.path - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Query the user for system passwords on the console and via wall readdir readdir 3am readdir 3 readdir 2 int64_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types access - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz check user's permissions for a file dmeventd - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Device-mapper event daemon arpd - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz userspace arp daemon. pause - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz wait for signal mk_modmap - 8 8 1671200073 0 A - - gz translate a Linux keytable file into an xmodmap file ldconfig - 8 8 1623352727 0 A - - gz configure dynamic linker run-time bindings blockdev - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz call block device ioctls from the command line vgconvert - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Change volume group metadata format pthread_attr_setstack - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz set/get stack attributes in thread attributes object scalbf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz multiply floating-point number by integral power of radix (OBSOLETE) tailq_next TAILQ_NEXT 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked tail queue asinl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz arc sine function pkcs7 - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands mkinitramfs - 8 8 1690278884 0 A - - gz low-level tool for generating an initramfs image writea - 3am 3 1692267876 0 C rwarray - gz systemd-fsckd.socket - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz File system check progress reporting floorl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz largest integral value not greater than argument catanhl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz complex arc tangents hyperbolic lexgrog - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz parse header information in man pages logbf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get exponent of a floating-point value dhclient-script - 8 8 1675202080 0 A - - gz DHCP client network configuration script invoke-rc.d - 8 8 1644964366 0 A - - gz executes System-V style init script actions systemd-bless-boot - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Mark current boot process as successful wprintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz formatted wide-character output conversion sg_format - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz format, format with preset, resize SCSI disk; format tape scalbln - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz multiply floating-point number by integral power of radix ckbcomp - 1 1 1637599193 0 A - - gz compile a XKB keyboard description to a keymap suitable for loadkeys or kbdcontrol sleep 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz delay for a specified amount of time logl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz natural logarithmic function ps - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - t gz report a snapshot of the current processes. malloc_hook - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz malloc debugging variables cgi::pretty CGI::Pretty 3pm 3 1644689710 0 A - - gz module to produce nicely formatted HTML code clnt_destroy 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_create - gz getopt getopt 1 getopt 3 atan - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz arc tangent function clnt_pcreateerror 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_create - gz systemd.timer - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - t gz Timer unit configuration pam.d - 5 5 1749739528 0 B - - gz PAM configuration files mdig - 1 1 1774366276 0 A - - gz DNS pipelined lookup utility fcloseall - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz close all open streams actions - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-actions - gz gethostbyaddr_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get network host entry openssl-pkcs7 - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz PKCS#7 command twistd - 1 1 1732297781 0 C twistd3 - gz git-merge-tree - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Show three-way merge without touching index mysqlslap - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - t gz a load emulation client git-sparse-checkout - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Initialize and modify the sparse-checkout configuration, which reduces the checkout to a set of paths given by a list of patterns. deb822 - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian RFC822 control data format URI 3pm - 3pm 3 1635280325 0 A - - gz Uniform Resource Identifiers (absolute and relative) ntfs-3g.probe - 8 8 1776448468 0 A - - gz Probe an NTFS volume mountability depmod.d - 5 5 1777552362 0 A - - gz Configuration directory for depmod sigemptyset - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz POSIX signal set operations pthread_setschedprio - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz set scheduling priority of a thread tty 4 - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz controlling terminal siginterrupt - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz allow signals to interrupt system calls huge_val HUGE_VAL 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point constants madvise - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz give advice about use of memory sync_file_range2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz sync a file segment with disk vdpa-mgmtdev - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz vdpa management device view mq_timedsend 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz send a message to a message queue ipcmk - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz make various IPC resources dcb-pfc - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz show / manipulate PFC (Priority-based Flow Control) settings of the DCB (Data Center Bridging) subsystem test - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz check file types and compare values pthread_cancel - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz send a cancellation request to a thread sftp-server - 8 8 1777336690 0 A - - gz OpenSSH SFTP server subsystem evp_kdf-ss EVP_KDF-SS 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The Single Step / One Step EVP_KDF implementation getcwd getcwd 3 getcwd 2 openssl-info - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz print OpenSSL built-in information xdr_setpos - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation git-receive-pack - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Receive what is pushed into the repository provider - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz OpenSSL operation implementation providers fstatfs - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get filesystem statistics break - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz unimplemented system calls pwunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz convert to and from shadow passwords and groups printf 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz format and print data mailtools MailTools 3pm 3 1564024416 0 A - - gz bundle of ancient email modules setfsgid - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set group identity used for filesystem checks install-info - 1 1 1644151725 0 A - - gz update info/dir entries setpriority - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get/set program scheduling priority tzset - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz initialize time conversion information time time 7 time 1 time 3am time 2 libnetcfg - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz configure libnet utf-8 UTF-8 7 utf-8 7 mknod mknod 1 mknod 2 dpkg::changelog::entry::debian Dpkg::Changelog::Entry::Debian 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz represents a Debian changelog entry openssl-core.h - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz OpenSSL Core types alloca - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz allocate memory that is automatically freed __ppc_set_ppr_very_low - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Set the Program Priority Register svcerr_systemerr 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz wc - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz print newline, word, and byte counts for each file bswap - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz reverse order of bytes nice 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz change process priority xdr_short - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation open 1 - 1 1 1714403171 408373911 B - - gz execute programs via entries in the mailcap file circleq_remove CIRCLEQ_REMOVE 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue vgcfgrestore - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Restore volume group configuration user-keyring - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz per-user keyring ec - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands dcb-ets - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz show / manipulate ETS (Enhanced Transmission Selection) settings of the DCB (Data Center Bridging) subsystem sched_yield - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz yield the processor pthread_getconcurrency - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz set/get the concurrency level pthread_spin_init - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz initialize or destroy a spin lock islower - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz character classification functions evp_pkey-rsa EVP_PKEY-RSA 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz EVP_PKEY RSA keytype and algorithm support fd_isset FD_ISSET 3 probe-bcache - 8 8 1648028575 0 A - - gz probe a bcache device ioctl_ns - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz ioctl() operations for Linux namespaces xdr_enum - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation exit exit 3 exit 2 svc_auth_reg - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_svc_reg - gz putgrent - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz write a group database entry to a file inotify_init - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz initialize an inotify instance fputwc - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz write a wide character to a FILE stream simple - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-simple - gz locale::recodedata::ibm285 Locale::RecodeData::IBM285 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM285 sigset_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types openssl-version - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz print OpenSSL version information u32 - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-u32 - gz basename basename 1 basename 3 iso-8859-3 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-3 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal openssl-threads - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz Overview of thread safety in OpenSSL text::wrapi18n Text::WrapI18N 3pm 3 1569588786 0 A - - gz Line wrapping module with support for multibyte, fullwidth, and combining characters and languages without whitespaces between words dn_comp - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz resolver routines infocmp - 1 1 1684262727 0 A - t gz compare or print out terminfo descriptions vgmerge - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Merge volume groups phpunit - 1 1 1639442769 0 A - - gz PHPUnit command line interface clog10l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz base-10 logarithm of a complex number memrchr - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz scan memory for a character org.freedesktop.systemd1 - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz The D-Bus interface of systemd vsftpd - 8 8 1721116322 0 A - - gz Very Secure FTP Daemon svcerr_weakauth 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls getpid - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get process identification fstatat - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get file status getpwnam - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get password file entry systemd-rfkill.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot and change exec - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz execute a file tcp - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz TCP protocol sg_persist - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz use SCSI PERSISTENT RESERVE command to access registrations and reservations csqrt - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz complex square root munmap munmap 3 munmap 2 perf-script-python - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Process trace data with a Python script svcerr_decode 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls getrpcbynumber_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get RPC entry (reentrant) sg_sync - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI SYNCHRONIZE CACHE command openssl-pkcs12 - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz PKCS#12 file command iso-8859-16 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-16 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal random 4 - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz kernel random number source devices tc-cbs - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Credit Based Shaper (CBS) Qdisc mailaddr - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz mail addressing description putwchar - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz write a wide character to standard output pthread_mutexattr_setrobust - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz get and set the robustness attribute of a mutex attributes object x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar-11 - 1 1 1766043084 0 A - - gz a wrapper around ar adding the --plugin option csinhf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz complex hyperbolic sine bzcat - 1 1 1648028710 0 B - - gz decompresses files to stdout colrm - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz remove columns from a file get_phys_pages - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz get total and available physical page counts xdr_accepted_reply xdr_accepted_reply 3t xdr_accepted_reply 3 locale::recodedata::asmo_449 Locale::RecodeData::ASMO_449 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ASMO_449 ip-l2tp - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz L2TPv3 static unmanaged tunnel configuration iso_8859_10 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-10 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal systemd.network - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Network configuration xdr_getpos - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation locale.conf - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Configuration file for locale settings membarrier - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz issue memory barriers on a set of threads atanl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz arc tangent function fsck.msdos - 8 8 1648043461 0 B - - gz check and repair MS-DOS FAT filesystems capability.conf - 5 5 1775747088 0 A - - gz configuration file for the pam_cap module pysetup3.3 - 1 1 1385208588 0 C pysetup3.10 - gz __ppc_set_ppr_med_low - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Set the Program Priority Register git-gc - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Cleanup unnecessary files and optimize the local repository fabs - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz absolute value of floating-point number ischroot - 1 1 1648043394 0 A - - gz detect if running in a chroot tc-u32 - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz universal 32bit traffic control filter comm - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz compare two sorted files line by line pthread_tryjoin_np - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz try to join with a terminated thread htb HTB 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-htb - gz pow10 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz base-10 power functions pmap_set pmap_set 3t pmap_set 3 pthread_mutexattr_setpshared - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get/set process-shared mutex attribute arch_prctl - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set architecture-specific thread state tailq_insert_head TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked tail queue certbot - 1 1 1645032411 0 A - - gz certbot script documentation iso-8859-9 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - t gz ISO 8859-9 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal head head 1 HEAD 1p phar.phar7.4 - 1 1 1712873608 0 B - - gz PHAR (PHP archive) command line tool crealf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get real part of a complex number git-upload-archive - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Send archive back to git-archive vcs - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz virtual console memory kill 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz send signal to a process random 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz random number generator evp_kdf-sshkdf EVP_KDF-SSHKDF 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The SSHKDF EVP_KDF implementation sigmask - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz BSD signal API chown 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz change file owner and group openssl-ca - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz sample minimal CA application evp_md-md5-sha1 EVP_MD-MD5-SHA1 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The MD5-SHA1 EVP_MD implementation request_key - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz request a key from the kernel's key management facility cmsg_nxthdr CMSG_NXTHDR 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz access ancillary data a2dismod - 8 8 1777987607 0 B - - gz enable or disable an apache2 module intro 1 - 1 1 1623352727 0 A - - gz introduction to user commands mailcap - 5 5 1639178040 0 A - - gz metamail capabilities file dup3 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz duplicate a file descriptor post POST 1p 1 1643396234 0 B - - gz Simple command line user agent evp_pkey-sm2 EVP_PKEY-SM2 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz EVP_PKEY keytype support for the Chinese SM2 signature and encryption algorithms hsearch - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz hash table management lvm2-activation-generator - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz generator for systemd units to activate LVM volumes on boot httxt2dbm - 1 1 1777987607 0 A - - gz Generate dbm files for use with RewriteMap setjmp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz performing a nonlocal goto strndup - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz duplicate a string pam_mkhomedir - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM module to create users home directory dumpe2fs - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz dump ext2/ext3/ext4 file system information systemd-kexec.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz System shutdown logic authunix_create 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz bpf 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz perform a command on an extended BPF map or program update-motd - 5 5 1749739528 0 A - - gz dynamic MOTD generation dpkg-genchanges - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz generate Debian .changes files slist_empty SLIST_EMPTY 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked list iscsi_fw_login - 8 8 1642592292 0 A - - gz Login to all iSCSI Firmware targets clnt_sperrno clnt_sperrno 3t clnt_sperrno 3 getsubopt - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz parse suboption arguments from a string getutline_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz access utmp file entries sshd sshd 8 dpkg::vendor::debian Dpkg::Vendor::Debian 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian vendor class getipnodebyname - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz get network hostnames and addresses svcraw_create 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls html::treebuilder HTML::TreeBuilder 3pm 3 1547397186 0 A - - gz Parser that builds a HTML syntax tree podchecker - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz check the syntax of POD format documentation files git-init - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one xfs_growfs - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz expand an XFS filesystem ruserok - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz routines for returning a stream to a remote command etf ETF 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-etf - gz evp_md-shake EVP_MD-SHAKE 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The SHAKE / KECCAK family EVP_MD implementations ssh-agent - 1 1 1777336690 0 A - - gz OpenSSH authentication agent getspnam_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get shadow password file entry lckpwdf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get shadow password file entry inb_p - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz port I/O a2dissite - 8 8 1777987607 0 B - - gz enable or disable an apache2 site / virtual host circleq_foreach_reverse CIRCLEQ_FOREACH_REVERSE 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue x86_64-linux-gnu-objcopy - 1 1 1764774481 0 B - - gz copy and translate object files svc_dg_create - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_svc_create - gz gnu_dev_major - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz manage a device number oldstat - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get file status dpkg-architecture - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz set and determine the architecture for package building evp_pkey-cmac EVP_PKEY-CMAC 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY legacy MAC keytypes and algorithm support iscsiadm - 8 8 1642592292 0 A - - gz open-iscsi administration utility pathchk - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz check whether file names are valid or portable pod2man - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz Convert POD data to formatted *roff input locale::recodedata::iso_10367_box Locale::RecodeData::ISO_10367_BOX 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ISO_10367_BOX grub-mkrelpath - 1 1 1671398486 0 A - - gz make a system path relative to its root sudo_plugin - 8 8 1772456886 0 A - - gz Sudo Plugin API pam_wheel - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Only permit root access to members of group wheel systemd-initctl - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz /dev/initctl compatibility mysqlpump - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - t gz a database backup program hwclock hwclock 8 hwclock 5 git-branch - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz List, create, or delete branches mkfs.fat - 8 8 1648043461 0 A - - gz create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem symlink symlink 7 symlink 2 netplan - 5 5 1719594733 0 A - - gz YAML network configuration abstraction for various backends iconv_open - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz allocate descriptor for character set conversion futex 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz fast user-space locking cfsetospeed - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate optopt - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Parse command-line options savelog - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz save a log file locale::recodedata::ibm904 Locale::RecodeData::IBM904 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM904 ioctl - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz control device ld-linux - 8 8 1623352727 0 B - - gz dynamic linker/loader getdomainname - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get/set NIS domain name fcvt - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert a floating-point number to a string endhostent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get network host entry mincore - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz determine whether pages are resident in memory mbstowcs - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a multibyte string to a wide-character string locale::recodedata::cp1256 Locale::RecodeData::CP1256 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for CP1256 evp_pkey-poly1305 EVP_PKEY-Poly1305 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY legacy MAC keytypes and algorithm support clnt_geterr clnt_geterr 3t clnt_geterr 3 xfs_estimate - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz estimate the space that an XFS filesystem will take evp_pkey-dhx EVP_PKEY-DHX 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY DH and DHX keytype and algorithm support pthread_attr_setsigmask_np - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz set/get signal mask attribute in thread attributes object BPF 8 - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-bpf - gz sched_getscheduler - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set and get scheduling policy/parameters locale::recodedata::ibm857 Locale::RecodeData::IBM857 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM857 iswpunct - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz test for punctuation or symbolic wide character clockid_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types regex regex 7 regex 3 cgdisk - 8 8 1648043626 0 A - - gz Curses-based GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator sulogin - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz single-user login x86_64-linux-gnu-ld.bfd - 1 1 1764774481 0 B - - gz The GNU linker rsyslogd - 8 8 1651517117 0 A - - gz reliable and extended syslogd fopencookie - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz opening a custom stream byobu-config - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz Configuration utility for byobu pthread_getcpuclockid - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz retrieve ID of a thread's CPU time clock rpc 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls rpc_gss_qop_to_num - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "Convert a Quality of Protection name to number" strtoimax - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert string to integer tailq_head_initializer TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked tail queue debconf - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz run a debconf-using program xtables-legacy - 8 8 1705439670 0 A - - gz iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api nexttoward - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz floating-point number manipulation dreml - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point remainder function systemd.index - 7 7 1773420461 0 A - - gz List all manpages from the systemd project expr - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz evaluate expressions git-range-diff - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Compare two commit ranges (e.g. two versions of a branch) getservbyport - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get service entry random_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz reentrant random number generator rpcsec_gss 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "GSS-API based authentication for RPC" utf-8 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz an ASCII compatible multibyte Unicode encoding gprof - 1 1 1764774481 0 A - - gz display call graph profile data fpclassify - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz floating-point classification macros fmaf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz floating-point multiply and add getfsent - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz handle fstab entries rdma - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz RDMA tool BPFTOOL 8 - 8 8 1775945558 0 C bpftool - gz sendmsg - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz send a message on a socket rand RAND 7ssl rand 1ssl rand 3 aio_fsync - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz asynchronous file synchronization ld.gold - 1 1 1764774481 0 A - - gz The GNU ELF linker police - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-police - gz memusagestat - 1 1 1623352727 0 A - - gz generate graphic from memory profiling data wcsncmp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz compare two fixed-size wide-character strings iso_8859_4 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-4 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal svc_freeargs 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_svc_calls - gz veritysetup - 8 8 1692724602 0 A - - gz manage dm-verity (block level verification) volumes xdr_double - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation who - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz show who is logged on accessdb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz dumps the content of a man-db database in a human readable format systemd-boot-system-token.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Generate an initial boot loader system token and random seed passwd 1 - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz change user password xdr_authunix_parms xdr_authunix_parms 3t xdr_authunix_parms 3 vsock - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz Linux VSOCK address family sleep sleep 1 sleep 3 vfscanf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz input format conversion rtnetlink rtnetlink 7 rtnetlink 3 showconsolefont - 8 8 1671200073 0 A - - gz Show the current EGA/VGA console screen font tc-cbq - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Class Based Queueing ocsp - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands gdbus - 1 1 1769623074 0 A - - gz Tool for working with D-Bus objects remquol - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz remainder and part of quotient openssl-errstr - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz lookup error codes creal - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get real part of a complex number era_dump - 8 8 1647606993 0 A - - gz dump era metadata from device or file to standard output. fstrim - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz discard unused blocks on a mounted filesystem getnetconfigent - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C getnetconfig - gz getrpcbyname 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get RPC entry tac - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz concatenate and print files in reverse isprint_l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz character classification functions modify_ldt - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get or set a per-process LDT entry gpasswd - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow queue 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementations of linked lists and queues logbl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get exponent of a floating-point value setcontext - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get or set the user context date::language Date::Language 3pm 3 1613403725 0 A - - gz Language specific date formating and parsing srand - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz pseudo-random number generator faked - 1 1 1742809505 280298205 A - - gz daemon that remembers fake ownership/permissions of files manipulated by fakeroot processes. sg_reset_wp - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI RESET WRITE POINTER command zramctl - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz set up and control zram devices malloc_usable_size - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz obtain size of block of memory allocated from heap kill kill 1 kill 2 xdr_free - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation bdflush - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz start, flush, or tune buffer-dirty-flush daemon mkfs.vfat - 8 8 1648043461 0 B - - gz create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem sg_sat_phy_event - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz use ATA READ LOG EXT via a SAT pass-through to fetch SATA phy event counters zstdcat - 1 1 1648138558 0 A - - gz zstd, zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat - Compress or decompress .zst files srandom_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz reentrant random number generator fuse fuse 8 fuse 4 glob 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz globbing pathnames evp_pkey-dh EVP_PKEY-DH 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz EVP_PKEY DH and DHX keytype and algorithm support ttytype - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz terminal device to default terminal type mapping cake CAKE 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-cake - gz signal 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz overview of signals apport-kde - 1 1 1753802717 0 C apport-cli - gz sysconf - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get configuration information at run time aio_read - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz asynchronous read x86_64-linux-gnu-readelf - 1 1 1764774481 0 B - - gz display information about ELF files git-merge-one-file - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz The standard helper program to use with git-merge-index clock - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz determine processor time if_freenameindex - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get network interface names and indexes scalb - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz multiply floating-point number by integral power of radix (OBSOLETE) argz_create_sep - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz functions to handle an argz list grub-menulst2cfg - 1 1 1671398486 0 A - - gz transform legacy menu.lst into grub.cfg uuidgen - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz create a new UUID value erand48_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers reentrantly lwp::simple LWP::Simple 3pm 3 1643396234 0 A - - gz simple procedural interface to LWP make - 1 1 1644939141 0 A - - gz GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs intmax_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types tzselect 8 - 8 8 1623352727 0 A - - gz select a timezone cbc_crypt 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C des_crypt - gz cgi::carp CGI::Carp 3pm 3 1644689710 0 A - - gz CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or other) error log reallocarray - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz allocate and free dynamic memory provider-mac - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The mac library <-> provider functions slist_remove SLIST_REMOVE 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked list ppoll - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz wait for some event on a file descriptor systemd-inhibit - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz Execute a program with an inhibition lock taken recvmmsg - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz receive multiple messages on a socket evp_kdf-hkdf EVP_KDF-HKDF 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The HKDF EVP_KDF implementation optarg - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Parse command-line options tc-tcindex - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz traffic control index filter debconf-copydb - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz copy a debconf database systemd-hibernate.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz System sleep state logic mkfs.msdos - 8 8 1648043461 0 B - - gz create an MS-DOS FAT filesystem git-fsck-objects - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Verifies the connectivity and validity of the objects in the database nextdownl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz return next floating-point number toward positive/negative infinity resize2fs - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz ext2/ext3/ext4 file system resizer zdiff - 1 1 1662384839 0 A - - gz compare compressed files pthread_yield - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz yield the processor credentials - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz process identifiers openssl-ciphers - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz SSL cipher display and cipher list command tipc-media - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz list or modify media properties labs - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz compute the absolute value of an integer [ - 1 1 1707363999 0 B - - gz check file types and compare values cpu_free CPU_FREE 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets bcmp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz compare byte sequences x25 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz ITU-T X.25 / ISO-8208 protocol interface casinhf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz complex arc sine hyperbolic btrfs-image - 8 8 1645724395 0 A - - gz create/restore an image of the filesystem networkd.conf - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Global Network configuration files grub-editenv - 1 1 1671398486 0 A - - gz edit GRUB environment block islessgreater - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point relational tests without exception for NaN thin_ls - 8 8 1647606993 0 A - - gz List thin volumes within a pool. iso_8859_11 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-11 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal lesspipe - 1 1 1714249965 0 A - - gz "input preprocessor" for less. cache_writeback - 8 8 1647606993 0 A - - gz writeback dirty blocks to the origin device. K locale::recodedata::_encode Locale::RecodeData::_Encode 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Internal wrapper around Encode locale::recodedata::latin_greek_1 Locale::RecodeData::LATIN_GREEK_1 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for LATIN_GREEK_1 devlink-region - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz devlink address region access wavelan - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz AT&T GIS WaveLAN ISA device driver nc - 1 1 1709258889 445327103 B - - gz arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens hash - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz hash database access method objdump - 1 1 1764774481 0 A - - gz display information from object files pci.ids - 5 5 1630291558 0 A - - gz list of known identifiers related to PCI devices isosize - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz output the length of an iso9660 filesystem cgi::fast CGI::Fast 3pm 3 1563376914 0 A - - gz CGI Interface for Fast CGI fileno - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz check and reset stream status html::template::faq HTML::Template::FAQ 3pm 3 1608744395 0 A - - gz Frequently Asked Questions about HTML::Template chcon - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz change file security context envz_strip - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz environment string support grub-glue-efi - 1 1 1671398486 0 A - - gz generate a fat binary for EFI nextupl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz return next floating-point number toward positive/negative infinity lwp::debug LWP::Debug 3pm 3 1643396234 0 A - - gz deprecated linux-check-removal - 1 1 1624369117 0 A - - gz check whether removal of a kernel is safe lvmsar - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz LVM system activity reporter rpc_gss_max_data_length - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "calculate maximum data size" div - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz compute quotient and remainder of an integer division python3 - 1 1 1660819144 0 A - - gz an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language systemd-tty-ask-password-agent - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz List or process pending systemd password requests strfroml - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert a floating-point value into a string perf-help - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz display help information about perf pidfd_send_signal - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz send a signal to a process specified by a file descriptor lroundf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz round to nearest integer git-mailsplit - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Simple UNIX mbox splitter program wait 3am - 3am 3 1692267876 0 C fork - gz ip-mroute - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz multicast routing cache management pkey - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and directories boot - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz System bootup process based on UNIX System V Release 4 ascii - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal rand 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz pseudo-random number generator systemd-rfkill - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot and change cpu_and CPU_AND 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets red 8 - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-red - gz cacosh - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz complex arc hyperbolic cosine user-session-keyring - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz per-user default session keyring authen::sasl::perl::gssapi Authen::SASL::Perl::GSSAPI 3pm 3 1608318586 0 A - - gz GSSAPI (Kerberosv5) Authentication class info 5 - 5 5 1644151725 0 A - - gz readable online documentation dpkg::control::tests::entry Dpkg::Control::Tests::Entry 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz represents a test suite entry systemd.positive - 5 5 1773420461 0 B - - gz DNSSEC trust anchor configuration files tc-ct - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz tc connection tracking action e2label - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz Change the label on an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system host.conf - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz resolver configuration file rvim - 1 1 1778086578 0 B - - gz Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor pkcon - 1 1 1776687894 0 A - - gz PackageKit console client strtold - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz convert ASCII string to floating-point number pthread_attr_getinheritsched - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz set/get inherit-scheduler attribute in thread attributes object setttyent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get ttys file entry fts_close - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz traverse a file hierarchy getuid - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get user identity provider-keyexch - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The keyexch library <-> provider functions __setfpucw - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz set FPU control word on i386 architecture (obsolete) erfc - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz complementary error function strerrorname_np - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz return string describing error number cacos - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz complex arc cosine vgdisplay - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Display volume group information cp1252 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz CP 1252 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal duplocale - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz duplicate a locale object pidof - 8 8 1639516642 0 A - - gz find the process ID of a running program. xfs_admin - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz change parameters of an XFS filesystem rpc_svc_reg - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz library routines for registering servers apt-extracttemplates - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Utility to extract debconf config and templates from Debian packages locale::gettext_pp Locale::gettext_pp 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Pure Perl Implementation of Uniforum Message Translation getrpcbyname getrpcbyname 3t getrpcbyname 3 evp_cipher-blowfish EVP_CIPHER-BLOWFISH 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The BLOBFISH EVP_CIPHER implementations stdin - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz standard I/O streams munmap 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 C mmap64 t gz git-instaweb - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Instantly browse your working repository in gitweb mount.fuse3 - 8 8 1648043594 0 A - - gz configuration and mount options for FUSE file systems cpu_alloc CPU_ALLOC 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets capset - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set/get capabilities of thread(s) bpf-helpers BPF-HELPERS 7 bpf-helpers 7 fork fork 3am fork 2 slist_insert_head SLIST_INSERT_HEAD 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked list __clone2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - t gz create a child process svc_getreq svc_getreq 3t svc_getreq 3 stime - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set time org.freedesktop.login1 - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz The D-Bus interface of systemd-logind locale::recodedata::cp1251 Locale::RecodeData::CP1251 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for CP1251 remainderl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point remainder function sigsetmask - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz BSD signal API user.conf.d - 5 5 1773420461 0 B - - gz System and session service manager configuration files tzfile - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz timezone information slist_first SLIST_FIRST 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked list locale::recodedata::ibm852 Locale::RecodeData::IBM852 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM852 pmap_rmtcall pmap_rmtcall 3t pmap_rmtcall 3 sg_reset - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz sends SCSI device, target, bus or host reset; or checks reset state applygnupgdefaults - 8 8 1767651279 0 A - - gz Run gpgconf --apply-defaults for all users. pthread_setcanceltype - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz set cancelability state and type xdr_bytes - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation isnanf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz BSD floating-point classification functions pthread_attr_getstackaddr - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz set/get stack address attribute in thread attributes object info 1 - 1 1 1644151725 0 A - - gz read Info documents des_failed DES_FAILED 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz fast DES encryption jrand48 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers rt_sigaction - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz examine and change a signal action psfstriptable - 1 1 1671200073 0 A - - gz remove the embedded Unicode character table from a console font dpkg::control::info Dpkg::Control::Info 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz parse files like debian/control bpf BPF 8 bpf 2 pam_rootok - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Gain only root access shmget - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz allocates a System V shared memory segment bash-builtins - 7 7 1710415907 0 A - - gz bash built-in commands, see bash(1) rpc_gss_get_mechanisms - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "Get installed mechanisms" exp10 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz base-10 exponential function clntraw_create clntraw_create 3t clntraw_create 3 dpkg::ipc Dpkg::IPC 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz helper functions for IPC fpurge - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz purge a stream ftruncate64 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz truncate a file to a specified length slist_head SLIST_HEAD 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked list csplit - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz split a file into sections determined by context lines setupcon - 1 1 1637599193 0 A - - gz sets up the font and the keyboard on the console systemd-socket-activate - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz Test socket activation of daemons evp_kdf-tls1_prf EVP_KDF-TLS1_PRF 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The TLS1 PRF EVP_KDF implementation strerrordesc_np - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz return string describing error number cfsetispeed - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate tbf - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-tbf - gz basename 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz strip directory and suffix from filenames ar - 1 1 1764774481 0 A - - gz create, modify, and extract from archives vsnprintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz formatted output conversion cacosf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz complex arc cosine systemd-umount - 1 1 1773420461 0 B - - gz Establish and destroy transient mount or auto-mount points hwdb - 7 7 1773420461 0 A - - gz Hardware Database locale::recodedata::ibm861 Locale::RecodeData::IBM861 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM861 edata - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz end of program segments systemd-suspend-then-hibernate.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz System sleep state logic vfwprintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz formatted wide-character output conversion gittutorial - 7 7 1772135393 0 A - - gz A tutorial introduction to Git s_time - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands argz_insert - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz functions to handle an argz list FD_SET 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz synchronous I/O multiplexing locale::recodedata::ibm273 Locale::RecodeData::IBM273 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM273 callrpc 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz uri::withbase URI::WithBase 3pm 3 1635280325 0 A - - gz URIs which remember their base fork 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create a child process perror 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz print a system error message acct 5 - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz process accounting file deb-systemd-helper - 1p 1 1644964366 0 A - - gz subset of systemctl for machines not running systemd pygettext3.10 - 1 1 1385208588 0 A - - gz Python equivalent of xgettext(1) zero - 4 4 1623352727 0 B - - gz data sink setvbuf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz stream buffering operations strchrnul - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz locate character in string tailq_foreach TAILQ_FOREACH 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked tail queue vasprintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz print to allocated string minor - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz manage a device number nearbyintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz round to nearest integer dmmp_context_log_priority_set - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Set log priority. gai.conf - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz getaddrinfo(3) configuration file catan - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz complex arc tangents kill 1 - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz send a signal to a process sysctl.d - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Configure kernel parameters at boot lsb_release - 1 1 1648138574 0 A - - gz print distribution-specific information dpkg-realpath - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz print the resolved pathname with DPKG_ROOT support llrint - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz round to nearest integer dpkg::vendor::default Dpkg::Vendor::Default 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz default vendor class queue queue 7 queue 3 # loop - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz loop devices module::scandeps Module::ScanDeps 3pm 3 1731951080 0 A - - gz Recursively scan Perl code for dependencies getnameinfo - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz address-to-name translation in protocol-independent manner openssl-dgst - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz perform digest operations lrand48 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers systemd-modules-load - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Load kernel modules at boot systemd-pstore - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz A service to archive contents of pstore sg_ident - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI REPORT/SET IDENTIFYING INFORMATION command mountpoint - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz see if a directory or file is a mountpoint fenv_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types clnt_control 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_create - gz tarcat - 1 1 1701753351 0 A - - gz concatenates the pieces of a GNU tar multi-volume archive zstdless - 1 1 1648138558 0 A - - gz view zstandard-compressed files xdr_rejected_reply xdr_rejected_reply 3t xdr_rejected_reply 3 ctermid - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get controlling terminal name gethostbyaddr - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get network host entry grog - 1 1 1648043790 0 A - - gz guess options for a following groff command vcsa - 4 4 1623352727 0 B - - gz virtual console memory aio_write - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz asynchronous write clock_adjtime clock_adjtime 3 clock_adjtime 2 evp_kdf-krb5kdf EVP_KDF-KRB5KDF 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The RFC3961 Krb5 KDF EVP_KDF implementation perf-top - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz System profiling tool. authen::sasl::perl::plain Authen::SASL::Perl::PLAIN 3pm 3 1608318586 0 A - - gz Plain Login Authentication class gammaf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz (logarithm of the) gamma function projid - 5 5 1644381753 0 A - - gz the project name mapping file strstr - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz locate a substring acosf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz arc cosine function setpgrp - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set/get process group systemd-analyze - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz Analyze and debug system manager git-name-rev - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Find symbolic names for given revs crypt_gensalt - 3 3 1639781301 0 A - t gz encode settings for passphrase hashing ipc - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz System V IPC system calls spu_run - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz execute an SPU context perfmonctl - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz interface to IA-64 performance monitoring unit depmod - 8 8 1777552362 0 A - - gz Generate modules.dep and map files. locale::recodedata::ebcdic_fi_se_a Locale::RecodeData::EBCDIC_FI_SE_A 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for EBCDIC_FI_SE_A chage - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz change user password expiry information profil profil 3 profil 2 dpkg-query - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz a tool to query the dpkg database ext4 - 5 5 1654125315 0 A - t gz the fourth extended file system systemd-random-seed - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Load and save the system random seed at boot and shutdown setbuf - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz stream buffering operations openssl-format-options - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz OpenSSL command input and output format options dirmngr-client - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz Tool to access the Dirmngr services dpkg::deps::simple Dpkg::Deps::Simple 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz represents a single dependency statement pygettext3 - 1 1 1660819144 0 A - - gz Python equivalent of xgettext(1) tailq_insert_before TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked tail queue git-unpack-objects - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Unpack objects from a packed archive objcopy - 1 1 1764774481 0 A - - gz copy and translate object files clnt_tp_create_timed - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_create - gz carg - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz calculate the complex argument setfsuid32 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set user identity used for filesystem checks getpwnam_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get password file entry isblank_l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz character classification functions signal signal 7 signal 2 �_ � / џ � e� � d=[ct 7�Z 8 a�Epthr \ ��setty 0 U�"fts_� 6 �L(getu� . ��uback'[ C �� prov( J i�8__se� Q �Y�erfc� 9 bn3stre B ء�cacoo / =_�vgdi� = �)�ethe[ C i�kcp12� ] ��~duplO 6 ^��gete�[ . 3�appo\ & G�Hpido� F ��git-6\ J ���bpf � H�bash�\ 3 W 0lslo�\ 4 "S;syst] A kC`xfs_� C ���rpc_( F O`|getrX] 6 \�getr�] / -#apt-z a Gl�ping�] D #.�oper"^ J k!Pshasu^ 9 v_�clnt�^ H ���getr_ I ��4ntfsd_ D B :loca� h �Ggetrk ��evp_� Y �r�stdi 1 �3�run- � M ��getc�_ < �+Aucf Y� d U\�munm< " \"byob�� @ ��\git-g O ���pthr� O g��twal|� 8 \Z�moun� R T�]cpu_! 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N� getd�Y ; ,5�tc-cZ 6 3*�toucQZ 3 �@Lsigs�Z 0 ��sos-�Z 9�Mfdimu� 0 k9�sche�� > 4syst�� , |�Wpthr5� A 2�getn�� : ethers - 5 5 1748438003 0 A - - gz Ethernet address to IP number database isupper_l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz character classification functions svc_register 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz usermod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz modify a user account btrfs-device - 8 8 1645724395 0 A - - gz manage devices of btrfs filesystems nanorc - 5 5 1728567570 0 A - - gz GNU nano's configuration file sfdisk - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz display or manipulate a disk partition table routel - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz list routes with pretty output format sched - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz overview of CPU scheduling clnt_call clnt_call 3t clnt_call 3 mv - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz move (rename) files fanotify_init - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create and initialize fanotify group runuser - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz run a command with substitute user and group ID stpncpy - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz copy a fixed-size string, returning a pointer to its end endian - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz convert values between host and big-/little-endian byte order svcerr_weakauth svcerr_weakauth 3t svcerr_weakauth 3 fexcept_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types cpu_xor CPU_XOR 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets tipc-link - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz show links or modify link properties iso_8859-5 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz ISO 8859-5 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal dmmp_path_group_array_get - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Retrieve path groups pointer array. ccos - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz complex cosine function index - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz locate character in string evp_asym_cipher-sm2 EVP_ASYM_CIPHER-SM2 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz SM2 Asymmetric Cipher algorithm support sem_trywait - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz lock a semaphore sotruss - 1 1 1769761256 0 A - - gz trace shared library calls through PLT bswap_32 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz reverse order of bytes mkostemps - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz create a unique temporary file pciconfig_iobase - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz pci device information handling outsl - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz port I/O pam_loginuid - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Record user's login uid to the process attribute sysfs 5 - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz a filesystem for exporting kernel objects pthread_getaffinity_np - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz set/get CPU affinity of a thread perf_event_open - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set up performance monitoring mqprio MQPRIO 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-mqprio - gz getdtablesize - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get file descriptor table size tc-choke - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz choose and keep scheduler touch - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz change file timestamps sigset - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz System V signal API sos-help - 1 1 1696390514 0 A - - gz ct 7ssl - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz Certificate Transparency backtrace_symbols_fd - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz support for application self-debugging ether_line - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Ethernet address manipulation routines geteuid32 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get user identity apport-gtk - 1 1 1753802717 0 C apport-cli - gz git-checkout - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Switch branches or restore working tree files bash - 1 1 1710415907 0 A - - gz GNU Bourne-Again SHell lslocks - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz list local system locks systemd-fsckd.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz File system check progress reporting getrpcbyname_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get RPC entry (reentrant) getrusage 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get resource usage ping6 - 8 8 1753357904 0 B - - gz send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts operator - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz C operator precedence and order of evaluation shasum - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz Print or Check SHA Checksums clnt_pcreateerror 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls getresgid - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get real, effective and saved user/group IDs ntfs-3g - 8 8 1776448468 0 A - - gz Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver getc - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz input of characters and strings �? 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3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz input of characters and strings lconv - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types pam_faillock - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Module counting authentication failures during a specified interval x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-tool - 1 1 1628148971 0 B - - gz offline gcda profile processing tool floor - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz largest integral value not greater than argument slist_entry SLIST_ENTRY 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz implementation of a singly linked list systemctl - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - t gz Control the systemd system and service manager crypt crypt 5 crypt 3 seteuid - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set effective user or group ID locale::recodedata::ebcdic_ca_fr Locale::RecodeData::EBCDIC_CA_FR 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for EBCDIC_CA_FR usb_modeswitch_dispatcher - 1 1 1648201985 0 A - - gz Linux wrapper for usb_modeswitch (not intended for direct invocation) rdma-system - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz RDMA subsystem configuration logname - 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1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz Byobu Launcher installation utility pthread_cleanup_push - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz push and pop thread cancellation clean-up handlers twalk_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz manage a binary search tree scalblnl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz multiply floating-point number by integral power of radix utime - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz change file last access and modification times evp_pkey-dsa EVP_PKEY-DSA 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz EVP_PKEY DSA keytype and algorithm support systemd-id128 - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz Generate and print sd-128 identifiers free 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz allocate and free dynamic memory groupmod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz modify a group definition on the system xprt_unregister xprt_unregister 3t xprt_unregister 3 mount.ntfs-3g - 8 8 1776448468 0 B - - gz Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver oldlstat - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get file status module::find Module::Find 3pm 3 1577325767 0 A - - gz Find and use installed modules in a (sub)category mail::field::addrlist Mail::Field::AddrList 3pm 3 1564024416 0 A - - gz object representation of e-mail address lists va_copy - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz variable argument lists arm_sync_file_range - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz sync a file segment with disk locale::recodedata::ebcdic_at_de_a Locale::RecodeData::EBCDIC_AT_DE_A 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for EBCDIC_AT_DE_A locale::recodedata::ibm284 Locale::RecodeData::IBM284 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM284 gdk-pixbuf-pixdata - 1 1 1775137256 0 A - - gz GDK Pixbuf library pkexec - 1 1 1775818760 0 A - - gz Execute a command as another user rsyncd.conf - 5 5 1737021320 0 A - - gz configuration file for rsync in daemon mode file::fcntllock::xs File::FcntlLock::XS 3pm 3 1644151415 0 A - - gz File locking with fcntl(2) systemd-user-sessions - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Permit user logins after boot, prohibit user logins at shutdown btrfs-qgroup - 8 8 1645724395 0 A - - gz control the quota group of a btrfs filesystem keyring - 1 1 1641135306 0 A - - gz Python-Keyring command-line utility wordexp - 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gz setresgid - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set real, effective and saved user or group ID dmmp_log_priority_str - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Convert log priority to string. mtrace 1 - 1 1 1623352727 0 A - - gz interpret the malloc trace log strfmon - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert monetary value to a string x86_64-linux-gnu-nm - 1 1 1764774481 0 B - - gz list symbols from object files oldfstat - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get file status integritysetup - 8 8 1692724602 0 A - - gz manage dm-integrity (block level integrity) volumes semanage.conf - 5 5 1647525996 0 A - - gz global configuration file for the SELinux Management library tailq_foreach_reverse TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked tail queue signal 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz ANSI C signal handling tee tee 1 tee 2 locale::recodedata::ebcdic_us Locale::RecodeData::EBCDIC_US 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for EBCDIC_US freeproctab - 3 3 1698752164 0 C readproctab - gz isxdigit_l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz character classification functions fstatvfs - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get filesystem statistics git-rm - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Remove files from the working tree and from the index vmsplice - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz splice user pages to/from a pipe sched_getcpu - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz determine CPU on which the calling thread is running fallocate 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz manipulate file space twistd3 - 1 1 1732297781 0 A - - gz run Twisted applications (TACs, TAPs) svc_dg_enablecache - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_svc_calls - gz socketpair - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create a pair of connected sockets mbsinit - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz test for initial shift state PZSTD 1 - 1 1 1648138558 0 C pzstd - gz xdr_pointer - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation error_message_count - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz glibc error reporting functions git-verify-tag - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Check the GPG signature of tags rtcwake - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - t gz enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup time deb-override - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian archive override file sem_post - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz unlock a semaphore dpkg::substvars Dpkg::Substvars 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz handle variable substitution in strings grantpt - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz grant access to the slave pseudoterminal insmod - 8 8 1777552362 0 A - - gz Simple program to insert a module into the Linux Kernel sd-boot - 7 7 1773420461 0 B - - gz A simple UEFI boot manager wcwidth - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz determine columns needed for a wide character deb-postrm - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz package post-removal maintainer script iso_8859-2 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz ISO 8859-2 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal clear - 1 1 1684262727 0 A - - gz clear the terminal screen partx - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz tell the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk partitions ossl_provider-default OSSL_PROVIDER-default 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - 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1 1 1765604622 34173109 B - - gz server-side JavaScript runtime pthread_create - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz create a new thread system_data_types 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz overview of system data types net::ssleay Net::SSLeay 3pm 3 1647971500 0 A - - gz Perl bindings for OpenSSL and LibreSSL s_client - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands getutent_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz access utmp file entries tc-drr - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz deficit round robin scheduler mkdir 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create a directory join - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz join lines of two files on a common field btrfs-select-super - 8 8 1645724395 0 A - - gz overwrite primary superblock with a backup copy mkdirat - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz create a directory ioctl_tty 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz ioctls for terminals and serial lines letsencrypt - 1 1 1645032411 0 B - - gz certbot script documentation zmore - 1 1 1662384839 0 A - - gz file perusal filter for crt viewing of compressed text getutmpx - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz copy utmp structure to utmpx, and vice versa ftw - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz file tree walk auth_destroy 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls dcb-buffer - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz show / manipulate port buffer settings of the DCB (Data Center Bridging) subsystem blkzone - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - t gz run zone command on a device dpkg::deps::or Dpkg::Deps::OR 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz list of OR dependencies ntfsusermap - 8 8 1776448468 0 A - - gz NTFS Building a User Mapping File unicode_stop - 1 1 1671200073 0 A - - gz revert keyboard and console from unicode mode mysqldumpslow - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - t gz Summarize slow query log files expm1 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz exponential minus 1 fclose - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz close a stream tgammaf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz true gamma function svcerr_systemerr 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls x448 X448 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY X25519 and X448 support log1p - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz logarithm of 1 plus argument atoll - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert a string to an integer conjl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz calculate the complex conjugate gcc - 1 1 1628148971 0 B - - gz GNU project C and C++ compiler fakeroot - 1 1 1742809505 280298205 B - - gz run a command in an environment faking root privileges for file manipulation mmap2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz map files or devices into memory cpupower-monitor - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Report processor frequency and idle statistics chmod 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz change file mode bits lwp LWP 3pm 3 1643396234 0 A - - gz The World-Wide Web library for Perl life_cycle-rand - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The RAND algorithm life-cycle apparmor AppArmor 7 apparmor 7 systemd-sleep.conf - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Suspend and hibernation configuration file git-for-each-repo - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Run a Git command on a list of repositories crypt_r - 3 3 1639781301 0 B - t gz passphrase hashing git-verify-commit - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Check the GPG signature of commits sg_scan - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz scans sg devices (or SCSI/ATAPI/ATA devices) and prints results authunix_create 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls iso_8859_6 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-6 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal systemd-suspend.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz System sleep state logic dpkg-statoverride - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz override ownership and mode of files mysql_secure_installation - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - t gz improve MySQL installation security putpwent - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz write a password file entry innetgr - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz handle network group entries asinhl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz inverse hyperbolic sine function lzcat - 1 1 1709258945 973949465 B - - gz Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files vgcreate - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Create a volume group byobu-prompt - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz add and remove a nice color prompt to your shell configuration http::daemon HTTP::Daemon 3pm 3 1657712826 0 A - - gz A simple http server class pthread_mutexattr_setrobust_np - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get and set the robustness attribute of a mutex attributes object xfs_info - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz display XFS filesystem geometry information xfs_scrub - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz check and repair the contents of a mounted XFS filesystem clnt_sperror 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_calls - gz wcpcpy - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz copy a wide-character string, returning a pointer to its end ftm - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz feature test macros fwrite_unlocked - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz nonlocking stdio functions registerrpc 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls fgconsole - 1 1 1671200073 0 A - - gz print the number of the active VT. a64l - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert between long and base-64 locale::recodedata::ebcdic_dk_no Locale::RecodeData::EBCDIC_DK_NO 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for EBCDIC_DK_NO user-dirs.dirs - 5 5 1648202040 0 A - - gz settings for XDG user dirs cacosl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex arc cosine sepermit.conf - 5 5 1749739528 0 A - - gz configuration file for the pam_sepermit module scsi_readcap - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz do SCSI READ CAPACITY command on disks tailq_insert_tail TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked tail queue dup - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz duplicate a file descriptor mq_notify 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz register for notification when a message is available locale::recodedata::ebcdic_es Locale::RecodeData::EBCDIC_ES 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for EBCDIC_ES time 3am - 3am 3 1692267876 0 A - - gz time functions for gawk localtime_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII gnu_get_libc_release - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get glibc version and release vgimportclone - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Import a VG from cloned PVs circleq_next CIRCLEQ_NEXT 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue ulimit 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 C unimplemented - gz lslogins - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz display information about known users in the system get_nprocs_conf - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get number of processors reada - 3am 3 1692267876 0 C rwarray - gz systemd-user-runtime-dir - 5 5 1773420461 0 B - - gz System units to start the user manager evp_keymgmt-ed448 EVP_KEYMGMT-ED448 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY X25519, X448, ED25519 and ED448 keytype and algorithm support locale::recodedata Locale::RecodeData 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Abstract Base Class for Charset Converters xsubpp - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz compiler to convert Perl XS code into C code mallopt - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz set memory allocation parameters stailq_empty STAILQ_EMPTY 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked tail queue memfd_create - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create an anonymous file ip-gue - 8 8 1648123007 0 B - - gz Generic UDP Encapsulation receive port configuration mkfs.bfs - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz make an SCO bfs filesystem catanl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex arc tangents __ppc_set_ppr_low - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Set the Program Priority Register e4defrag - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz online defragmenter for ext4 file system xtables-nft-multi - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz iptables using nftables kernel api stailq_init STAILQ_INIT 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked tail queue update-grub2 - 8 8 1671398486 0 B - - gz stub for grub-mkconfig tcdrain - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate setrpcent 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get RPC entry atanf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz arc tangent function html::headparser HTML::HeadParser 3pm 3 1644150616 0 A - - gz Parse <HEAD> section of a HTML document nohup - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz run a command immune to hangups, with output to a non-tty git-sh-i18n - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Git's i18n setup code for shell scripts cpupower-idle-info - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Utility to retrieve cpu idle kernel information prlimit 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get/set resource limits mysql_config_editor - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - t gz configure authentication information for connecting to MySQL server x86_64-linux-gnu-ranlib - 1 1 1764774481 0 B - - gz generate an index to an archive systemd-hibernate-resume@.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Resume from hibernation malloc_trim - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz release free memory from the heap shutdown 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz shut down part of a full-duplex connection srandom - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz random number generator git-rev-parse - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Pick out and massage parameters tcpdump - 8 8 1707398503 0 A - - gz dump traffic on a network xdr_callhdr 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz locale::recodedata::iso_5427_ext Locale::RecodeData::ISO_5427_EXT 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ISO_5427_EXT tabs - 1 1 1684262727 0 A - - gz set tabs on a terminal pam 7 - 7 7 1749739528 0 B - - gz Pluggable Authentication Modules for Linux log1pf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz logarithm of 1 plus argument strxfrm - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz string transformation mempcpy - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz copy memory area file-hierarchy - 7 7 1773420461 0 A - t gz File system hierarchy overview siglongjmp - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz performing a nonlocal goto mke2fs - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz create an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system iptables-nft - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz iptables using nftables kernel api pam_faildelay - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Change the delay on failure per-application libwww::lwpcook - 3pm 3 1643396234 0 A - - gz The libwww-perl cookbook dnssec-trust-anchors.d - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz DNSSEC trust anchor configuration files perf-data - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Data file related processing getloadavg - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get system load averages tolower_l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert uppercase or lowercase openssl-core_names.h - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz OpenSSL provider parameter names cgi::html::functions CGI::HTML::Functions 3pm 3 1644689710 0 A - - gz Documentation for CGI.pm Legacy HTML Functionality evp_keyexch-ecdh EVP_KEYEXCH-ECDH 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz ECDH Key Exchange algorithm support html::parser HTML::Parser 3pm 3 1644150616 0 A - - gz HTML parser class clog10 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz base-10 logarithm of a complex number lchown32 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz change ownership of a file sched_setaffinity - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set and get a thread's CPU affinity mask evp_kdf-x942-asn1 EVP_KDF-X942-ASN1 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The X9.42-2003 asn1 EVP_KDF implementation openssl-storeutl - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz STORE command pstree.x11 - 1 1 1648139377 0 B - - gz display a tree of processes systemd-importd - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz VM and container image import and export service mke2fs.conf - 5 5 1654125315 0 A - - gz Configuration file for mke2fs svcerr_progvers 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls dremf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point remainder function sos.conf - 5 5 1696390514 0 A - - gz sosreport configuration pl2pm - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz Rough tool to translate Perl4 .pl files to Perl5 .pm modules. git-http-fetch - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Download from a remote Git repository via HTTP ntfscp - 8 8 1776448468 0 A - - gz copy file to an NTFS volume. mail::field::date Mail::Field::Date 3pm 3 1564024416 0 A - - gz a date header field grub-bios-setup - 8 8 1671398486 0 A - - gz set up a device to boot using GRUB pvmove - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Move extents from one physical volume to another sg_read_long - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send a SCSI READ LONG command memmove - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz copy memory area pmap_getmaps 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls systemd-socket-proxyd - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Bidirectionally proxy local sockets to another (possibly remote) socket wmemcmp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz compare two arrays of wide-characters find - 1 1 1648043532 0 A - t gz search for files in a directory hierarchy git-mailinfo - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Extracts patch and authorship from a single e-mail message neqn - 1 1 1648043790 0 A - - gz format equations for ASCII output getwchar_unlocked - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz nonlocking stdio functions ufw-framework - 8 8 1689602125 0 A - - gz using the ufw framework git-mergetool--lib - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Common Git merge tool shell scriptlets fcgistarter - 8 8 1777987607 0 A - - gz Start a FastCGI program purge-old-kernels - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz remove old kernel and header packages from the system svc_unregister 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls xencrypt - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz RFS password encryption flower - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-flower - gz phar8.3.phar - 1 1 1770998325 0 B - - gz PHAR (PHP archive) command line tool systemd-pstore.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz A service to archive contents of pstore htdbm - 1 1 1777987607 0 A - - gz Manipulate DBM password databases termios - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate pthread_setcancelstate - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz set cancelability state and type isastream - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz unimplemented system calls sudoedit - 8 8 1772456886 0 B - - gz execute a command as another user sprof - 1 1 1623352727 0 A - - gz read and display shared object profiling data opendir - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz open a directory % execl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz execute a file pthread_setaffinity_np - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz set/get CPU affinity of a thread deb-preinst - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz package pre-installation maintainer script g++ - 1 1 1628148971 0 B - - gz GNU project C and C++ compiler io::html IO::HTML 3pm 3 1613323155 0 A - - gz Open an HTML file with automatic charset detection nano - 1 1 1728567570 0 A - - gz Nano's ANOther editor, inspired by Pico res_init - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz resolver routines tolower - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert uppercase or lowercase lwp::authen::ntlm LWP::Authen::Ntlm 3pm 3 1643396234 0 A - - gz Library for enabling NTLM authentication (Microsoft) in LWP loop-control - 4 4 1623352727 0 B - - gz loop devices stat 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz display file or file system status git-ls-files - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Show information about files in the index and the working tree prof - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz unimplemented system calls sysfs 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get filesystem type information svcudp_create - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls charmap - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz character set description file git-column - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Display data in columns tc-prio - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Priority qdisc kbd_mode - 1 1 1671200073 0 A - - gz report or set the keyboard mode access.conf - 5 5 1749739528 0 A - - gz the login access control table file locale::recodedata::gost_19768_74 Locale::RecodeData::GOST_19768_74 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for GOST_19768_74 mpath_persistent_reserve_out - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz send PROUT command to DM device sbverify - 1 1 1636133544 0 A - - gz UEFI secure boot verification tool pthread_exit - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz terminate calling thread openssl-genpkey - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz generate a private key rintl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz round to nearest integer inet_net_ntop - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Internet network number conversion http::headers::util HTTP::Headers::Util 3pm 3 1641439263 0 A - - gz Header value parsing utility functions mcheck_check_all - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz heap consistency checking showkey - 1 1 1671200073 0 A - - gz examine the codes sent by the keyboard col7 - 1 1 1581948710 0 B - - gz awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9) getitimer - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get or set value of an interval timer mirred - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-mirred - gz cpu_xor_s CPU_XOR_S 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets ioctl_userfaultfd - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create a file descriptor for handling page faults in user space kexec_load - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz load a new kernel for later execution cbc_crypt cbc_crypt 3t cbc_crypt 3 pkttyagent - 1 1 1775818760 0 A - - gz Textual authentication helper ecb_crypt 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz fast DES encryption git-revert - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Revert some existing commits zcat - 1 1 1662384839 0 B - - gz compress or expand files getnetgrent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz handle network group entries evp_keymgmt-cmac EVP_KEYMGMT-CMAC 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY legacy MAC keytypes and algorithm support ptmx - 4 4 1623352727 0 B - - gz pseudoterminal master and slave bzegrep - 1 1 1648028710 0 B - - gz search possibly bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression pvremove - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Remove LVM label(s) from physical volume(s) ioctl_fideduperange - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz share some the data of one file with another file casinf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex arc sine syncfs - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz commit filesystem caches to disk fsfreeze - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz suspend access to a filesystem (Ext3/4, ReiserFS, JFS, XFS) evp_kdf-pbkdf1 EVP_KDF-PBKDF1 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The PBKDF1 EVP_KDF implementation hostname hostname 7 hostname 5 hostname 1 locale::recodedata::viscii Locale::RecodeData::VISCII 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for VISCII getrusage getrusage 2 pthread_attr_setdetachstate - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz set/get detach state attribute in thread attributes object io_destroy - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz destroy an asynchronous I/O context blkdiscard - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz discard sectors on a device deb-changes - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian changes file format va_start - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz variable argument lists wcsncat - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz concatenate two wide-character strings iptables-restore - 8 8 1705439670 0 A - - gz Restore IP Tables mysqlcheck - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - t gz a table maintenance program apport-bug - 1 1 1753802717 0 A - - gz file a bug report using Apport, or update an existing report ioperm - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set port input/output permissions ecparam - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz OpenSSL application commands ssh-copy-id - 1 1 1777336690 0 A - - gz use locally available keys to authorise logins on a remote machine bridge - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz show / manipulate bridge addresses and devices grub-probe - 8 8 1671398486 0 A - - gz probe device information for GRUB org.freedesktop.machine1 - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz The D-Bus interface of systemd-machined tsget - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz Time Stamping HTTP/HTTPS client ttys ttyS 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz serial terminal lines csinl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex sine function tbl - 1 1 1648043790 0 A - t gz format tables for troff git-write-tree - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Create a tree object from the current index tailq_remove TAILQ_REMOVE 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked tail queue systemd.device - 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7 7 1645031182 0 A - - gz LVM caching dir - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz list directory contents void - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types snprintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz formatted output conversion dpkg::control::tests Dpkg::Control::Tests 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz parse files like debian/tests/control setsid 1 - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz run a program in a new session file file 1 FILE 3 intro 8 - 8 8 1623352727 0 A - - gz introduction to administration and privileged commands pthread_mutex_consistent - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz make a robust mutex consistent mktime - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII getgrent_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get group file entry reentrantly cpu_zero CPU_ZERO 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets mcheck - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz heap consistency checking write write 1 write 2 pipe 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create pipe html::element::traverse HTML::Element::traverse 3pm 3 1547397186 0 A - 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3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz base-10 exponential function fputs - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz output of characters and strings putc_unlocked - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz nonlocking stdio functions net::ssleay::handle Net::SSLeay::Handle 3pm 3 1647971500 0 A - - gz Perl module that lets SSL (HTTPS) sockets be handled as standard file handles. evp_keymgmt-dsa EVP_KEYMGMT-DSA 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY DSA keytype and algorithm support rand 1ssl - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands locale::recodedata::ibm866 Locale::RecodeData::IBM866 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM866 perf-dlfilter - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Filter sample events using a dynamically loaded shared object file deb-src-files - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian distribute files format asprintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz print to allocated string uintmax_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types locale::recodedata::ibm278 Locale::RecodeData::IBM278 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM278 true - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz do nothing, successfully systemd-remount-fs - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Remount root and kernel file systems fscanf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz input format conversion lcong48_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers reentrantly iptables-legacy-save - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api mysqladmin - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - t gz a MySQL server administration program iscsid - 8 8 1642592292 0 A - - gz Open-iSCSI daemon systemd-boot-check-no-failures.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz verify that the system booted up cleanly update-alternatives - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz maintain symbolic links determining default commands col - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz filter reverse line feeds from input sg_write_x - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz SCSI WRITE normal/ATOMIC/SAME/SCATTERED/STREAM, ORWRITE commands xdr_callhdr xdr_callhdr 3t xdr_callhdr 3 tanh - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz hyperbolic tangent function UTF-8 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 C utf8 - gz lldiv - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz compute quotient and remainder of an integer division bsd_signal - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz signal handling with BSD semantics __freadable - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz interfaces to stdio FILE structure grops - 1 1 1648043790 0 A - - gz PostScript driver for groff mblen - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz determine number of bytes in next multibyte character pread - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz read from or write to a file descriptor at a given offset helpztags - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz generate the help tags file for directory memusage - 1 1 1623352727 0 A - - gz profile memory usage of a program cciss - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - t gz HP Smart Array block driver less - 1 1 1714249965 0 A - t gz opposite of more openssl-rand - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz generate pseudo-random bytes svcerr_auth svcerr_auth 3t svcerr_auth 3 crypto - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz OpenSSL cryptographic library aa-teardown - 8 8 1724795322 0 A - - gz unload all AppArmor profiles memmem - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz locate a substring systemd-gpt-auto-generator - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - t gz Generator for automatically discovering and mounting root, /home/, /srv/, /var/ and /var/tmp/ partitions, as well as discovering and enabling swap partitions, based on GPT partition type GUIDs modules-load.d - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Configure kernel modules to load at boot grub-mount - 1 1 1671398486 0 A - - gz export GRUB filesystem with FUSE �� � * �? , �A � ���%pthr � W uj$io_ds� @ �g�$blkd�� 8 ��M%deb-� 7 Ξ�%va_sD� 4 TA�%wcsn�� C vL�'pthr� = ��.%ipta̡ . 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gz argz_stringify - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz functions to handle an argz list org.freedesktop.locale1 - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz The D-Bus interface of systemd-localed snice - 1 1 1698752164 0 B - - gz send a signal or report process status ftrylockfile - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz lock FILE for stdio iso_8859_13 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-13 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal perf-buildid-list - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz List the buildids in a perf.data file ntfsresize - 8 8 1776448468 0 A - - gz resize an NTFS filesystem without data loss poll - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz wait for some event on a file descriptor c99 - 1 1 1742809509 883322730 A - - gz ANSI (1999) C compiler tc-vlan - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz vlan manipulation module getcwd 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get current working directory systemd-rfkill.socket - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Load and save the RF kill switch state at boot and change mq_unlink mq_unlink 3 mq_unlink 2 script - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - 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8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz fsck compressed ROM file system strtoull - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert a string to an unsigned long integer rpc_secure - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz library routines for secure remote procedure calls apt-patterns - 7 7 1707838744 0 A - - gz Syntax and semantics of apt search patterns mkntfs - 8 8 1776448468 0 A - t gz create an NTFS file system dosfsck - 8 8 1648043461 0 B - - gz check and repair MS-DOS FAT filesystems openssl_api_compat OPENSSL_API_COMPAT 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz User defined macros perf-script - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Read perf.data (created by perf record) and display trace output font::afm Font::AFM 3pm 3 1600357875 0 A - - gz Interface to Adobe Font Metrics files rt_sigreturn - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz return from signal handler and cleanup stack frame setlogmask - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz set log priority mask mq_timedreceive 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz receive a message from a message queue locale::recodedata::ibm423 Locale::RecodeData::IBM423 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - 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4 4 1623352727 0 B - t gz ioctls for terminals and serial lines ip6tables-apply - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz a safer way to update iptables remotely pselect 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 C FD_ISSET - gz adjtime - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz correct the time to synchronize the system clock screendump - 1 1 1671200073 0 A - - gz dump the contents of a virtual console to stdout mlock - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz lock and unlock memory mq_notify 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz register for notification when a message is available evp_cipher-camellia EVP_CIPHER-CAMELLIA 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The CAMELLIA EVP_CIPHER implementations btrfstune - 8 8 1645724395 0 A - - gz tune various filesystem parameters int16_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types apport-collect - 1 1 1753802717 0 B - - gz file a bug report using Apport, or update an existing report rresvport_af - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz routines for returning a stream to a remote command pkaction - 1 1 1775818760 0 A - - gz Get details about a registered action lldiv_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types fgetpos - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz reposition a stream pvck - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Check metadata on physical volumes svcerr_auth 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz linux64 - 8 8 1772813404 0 B - - gz change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags nat - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-nat - gz bpftool-perf - 8 8 1775945558 0 A - - gz tool for inspection of perf related bpf prog attachments towlower - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a wide character to lowercase streamzip - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz create a zip file from stdin xargs - 1 1 1648043532 0 A - - gz build and execute command lines from standard input systemd-getty-generator - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Generator for enabling getty instances on the console e4crypt - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz ext4 file system encryption utility systemd-sysctl - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Configure kernel parameters at boot namespaces - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - 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2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get/set list of robust futexes kexec_file_load - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz load a new kernel for later execution siggetmask - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz BSD signal API git-show-index - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Show packed archive index git-version - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Display version information about Git git-unpack-file - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Creates a temporary file with a blob's contents tailq_insert_after TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked tail queue sg_luns - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI REPORT LUNS command or decode given LUN significandf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get mantissa of floating-point number semctl - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - t gz System V semaphore control operations inet_addr - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Internet address manipulation routines msync - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz synchronize a file with a memory map cbrtl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz cube root function pbput - 1 1 1637722414 0 A - - gz compress and encode arbitrary files to pastebin.com ip 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz Linux IPv4 protocol implementation rpc_createerr - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_create - gz outw - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz port I/O dpkg-preconfigure - 8 8 1645368169 0 A - - gz let packages ask questions prior to their installation srand48_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers reentrantly psignal - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz print signal description qfcvt - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert a floating-point number to a string ct 8 - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-ct - gz des_crypt des_crypt 3t des_crypt 3 j1l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Bessel functions of the first kind ether_ntoa_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Ethernet address manipulation routines http::cookies HTTP::Cookies 3pm 3 1609896330 0 A - - gz HTTP cookie jars grub-file - 1 1 1671398486 0 A - - gz check file type initstate - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz random number generator efibootmgr - 8 8 1627992506 0 A - - gz manipulate the UEFI Boot Manager ip6tables-nft - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz iptables using nftables kernel api /etc/modules - 5 5 1777552362 0 C modules - gz drem - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz floating-point remainder function passwd2des - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz RFS password encryption umount 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz unmount filesystem svcerr_noproc svcerr_noproc 3t svcerr_noproc 3 modff - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz extract signed integral and fractional values from floating-point number evp_pkey-ec EVP_PKEY-EC 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz EVP_PKEY EC keytype and algorithm support rsa-pss RSA-PSS 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz EVP_PKEY RSA-PSS algorithm support openssl-sess_id - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz SSL/TLS session handling command bind - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz bind a name to a socket svc_unregister 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz hostname 5 - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Local hostname configuration file data::dump::filtered Data::Dump::Filtered 3pm 3 1632663384 0 A - - gz Pretty printing with filtering sock_diag - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz obtaining information about sockets apt_preferences - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Preference control file for APT evp_signature-rsa EVP_SIGNATURE-RSA 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The EVP_PKEY RSA signature implementation loader.conf - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Configuration file for systemd-boot evp_pkey-hmac EVP_PKEY-HMAC 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz EVP_PKEY legacy MAC keytypes and algorithm support pollinate - 1 1 1774527957 0 A - - gz an Entropy-as-a-Service client xdr_bool - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation systemd-initctl.socket - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz /dev/initctl compatibility authen::sasl::perl::login Authen::SASL::Perl::LOGIN 3pm 3 1608318586 0 A - - gz Login Authentication class atol - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert a string to an integer ebtables-nft-save - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz iptables using nftables kernel api io_setup - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create an asynchronous I/O context pam_usertype - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz check if the authenticated user is a system or regular account conj - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz calculate the complex conjugate apache2 - 8 8 1777987607 0 A - - gz Apache Hypertext Transfer Protocol Server locale::recodedata::ibm875 Locale::RecodeData::IBM875 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM875 sched_getparam - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set and get scheduling parameters bcache-super-show - 8 8 1648028575 0 A - - gz Print the bcache superblock asin - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz arc sine function stailq_remove_head STAILQ_REMOVE_HEAD 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked tail queue roundl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz round to nearest integer, away from zero endnetpath - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C getnetpath - gz pvchange - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Change attributes of physical volume(s) sigignore - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz System V signal API mail::field::generic Mail::Field::Generic 3pm 3 1564024416 0 A - - gz implementation for inspecific fields file 1 - 1 1 1694455146 0 A - - gz determine file type rview - 1 1 1778086578 0 B - - gz Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor mail::mailer Mail::Mailer 3pm 3 1564024416 0 A - - gz send simple emails tc-route - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz route traffic control filter bpftool-struct_ops - 8 8 1775945558 0 A - - gz tool to register/unregister/introspect BPF struct_ops evp_cipher-seed EVP_CIPHER-SEED 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The SEED EVP_CIPHER implementations dpkg::vendor::ubuntu Dpkg::Vendor::Ubuntu 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz Ubuntu vendor class pthread_attr_getguardsize - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz set/get guard size attribute in thread attributes object strip - 1 1 1764774481 0 A - - gz discard symbols and other data from object files tc-ematch - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz extended matches for use with "basic", "cgroup" or "flow" filters iso_8859_15 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-15 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal evp_md-common EVP_MD-common 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - 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8 8 1630291558 0 A - - gz download new version of the PCI ID list reset - 1 1 1684262727 0 B - - gz terminal initialization gdisk - 8 8 1648043626 0 A - - gz Interactive GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator semtimedop - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz System V semaphore operations ip6tables-restore - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz Restore IPv6 Tables run-one-until-failure - 1 1 1389825651 0 B - - gz run just one instance at a time of some command and unique set of arguments (useful for cronjobs, eg) io::socket::ssl::publicsuffix IO::Socket::SSL::PublicSuffix 3pm 3 1642100533 0 A - - gz provide access to Mozilla's list of effective TLD names msr - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz x86 CPU MSR access device clogf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz natural logarithm of a complex number iso-8859-14 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-14 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal dmmp_path_blk_name_get - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Retrieve block name. daemon daemon 7 daemon 3 proc::processtable::process Proc::ProcessTable::Process 3pm 3 1644150698 0 A - - gz Perl process objects stailq_insert_after STAILQ_INSERT_AFTER 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked tail queue secure_getenv - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get an environment variable charsets - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz character set standards and internationalization putmsg - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz unimplemented system calls lzmainfo - 1 1 1649422298 0 A - - gz show information stored in the .lzma file header locale::recode::_conversions Locale::Recode::_Conversions 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Internal Table of Known Conversions stderr - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz standard I/O streams evp_mac-blake2smac EVP_MAC-BLAKE2SMAC 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz The BLAKE2 EVP_MAC implementations stat 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get file status strverscmp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz compare two version strings sg_start - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI START STOP UNIT command: start, stop, load or eject medium install - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz copy files and set attributes mawk - 1 1 1642975043 0 A - - gz pattern scanning and text processing language csin - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz complex sine function nroff - 1 1 1648043790 0 A - - gz use groff to format documents for TTY devices dmmp_reconfig - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Instruct multipathd daemon to do reconfiguration. sysctl sysctl 8 sysctl 2 pam_cap - 8 8 1775747088 0 A - - gz PAM module to set inheritable capabilities machine-info - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Local machine information file rpc_svc_calls - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz library routines for RPC servers dir_colors - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - t gz configuration file for dircolors(1) faillog 8 - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz display faillog records or set login failure limits gethostent_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get network host entry pvs - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Display information about physical volumes unattended-upgrade - 8 8 1642199141 0 A - - gz automatic installation of security (and other) upgrades openssl-cmds - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz OpenSSL application commands sort - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz sort lines of text files subgid - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz the subordinate gid file perf-ftrace - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz simple wrapper for kernel's ftrace functionality pam_nologin - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Prevent non-root users from login systemd.net-naming-scheme - 7 7 1773420461 0 A - t gz Network device naming schemes ssh-import-id-gh - 1 1 1613057646 0 B - - gz retrieve one or more public keys from a public keyserver and append them to the current user's authorized_keys file (or some other specified file) rtime 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get time from a remote machine utimes - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz change file last access and modification times dlvsym - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz obtain address of a symbol in a shared object or executable getopt_long_only - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Parse command-line options iconv iconv 1 iconv 3 svc_sendreply svc_sendreply 3t svc_sendreply 3 getwc_unlocked - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz nonlocking stdio functions iso-8859-15 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-15 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal rrsync - 1 1 1737021320 0 A - - gz a script to setup restricted rsync users via ssh logins gettext 3 - 3 3 1648204267 0 A - - gz translate message makecontext - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz manipulate user context dpkg-vendor - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz queries information about distribution vendors try::tiny Try::Tiny 3pm 3 1637975763 0 A - - gz Minimal try/catch with proper preservation of $@ ibd2sdi - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - t gz InnoDB utility for extracting serialized dictionary information (SDI) from an InnoDB tablespace clnttcp_create 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz circleq_loop_next CIRCLEQ_LOOP_NEXT 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue filesystems - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz Linux filesystem types: ext, ext2, ext3, ext4, hpfs, iso9660, JFS, minix, msdos, ncpfs nfs, ntfs, proc, Reiserfs, smb, sysv, umsdos, vfat, XFS, xiafs evp_kdf-scrypt EVP_KDF-SCRYPT 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The scrypt EVP_KDF implementation poweroff - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Halt, power-off or reboot the machine proc - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz process information pseudo-filesystem pmap - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz report memory map of a process csinf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz complex sine function on_ac_power - 1 1 1563638619 0 A - - gz test whether computer is running on AC power evp_mac-poly1305 EVP_MAC-Poly1305 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The Poly1305 EVP_MAC implementation svcraw_create 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz era_check - 8 8 1647606993 0 A - - gz validate era metadata on device or file. huge_valf HUGE_VALF 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point constants systemd-volatile-root - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Make the root file system volatile scalbn - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz multiply floating-point number by integral power of radix svc_tp_create - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_svc_create - gz getopt_long - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Parse command-line options evp_signature-dsa EVP_SIGNATURE-DSA 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The EVP_PKEY DSA signature implementation xz - 1 1 1649422298 0 A - t gz Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files ecb_crypt 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C des_crypt - gz attributes - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz POSIX safety concepts mtrace mtrace 1 mtrace 3 hd hd 1 hd 4 cgi-fcgi - 1 1 1746003423 0 A - - gz bridge from CGI to FastCGI gethostent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get network host entry group - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz user group file setfsent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz handle fstab entries asinf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz arc sine function lwp::useragent LWP::UserAgent 3pm 3 1643396234 0 A - - gz Web user agent class getttynam - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get ttys file entry getcap - 8 8 1775747088 0 A - - gz examine file capabilities zegrep - 1 1 1662384839 0 B - - gz search possibly compressed files for a regular expression fts - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz traverse a file hierarchy fts_set - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz traverse a file hierarchy timer_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types j0 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz Bessel functions of the first kind gnu_dev_minor - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz manage a device number iconv 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz perform character set conversion getdate_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert a date-plus-time string to broken-down time lvextend - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Add space to a logical volume systemd-cgls - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz Recursively show control group contents chgrp - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz change group ownership evp_cipher-rc2 EVP_CIPHER-RC2 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The RC2 EVP_CIPHER implementations cloud-init - 1 1 1750799725 0 A - - gz Cloud instance initialization ping4 - 8 8 1753357904 0 B - - gz send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts cmsg_firsthdr CMSG_FIRSTHDR 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz access ancillary data xdrrec_create - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation herror - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get network host entry git-stage - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Add file contents to the staging area rpc_call - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_calls - gz tc-pedit - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz generic packet editor action xfs_spaceman - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz show free space information about an XFS filesystem html::formatps HTML::FormatPS 3pm 3 1608316604 0 A - - gz Format HTML as PostScript apt-sortpkgs - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Utility to sort package index files iswalpha - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz test for alphabetic wide character lsearch - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz linear search of an array unlocked_stdio - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz nonlocking stdio functions gitrepository-layout - 5 5 1772135393 0 A - - gz Git Repository Layout inet_aton - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz Internet address manipulation routines xzcat - 1 1 1649422298 0 B - - gz Compress or decompress .xz and .lzma files ioctl_iflags - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz ioctl() operations for inode flags perf-kallsyms - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Searches running kernel for symbols dmmp_context_free - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Release the memory of struct dmmp_context. iswxdigit - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz test for hexadecimal digit wide character http::request HTTP::Request 3pm 3 1641439263 0 A - - gz HTTP style request message byobu-launcher-uninstall - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz Byobu Launcher uninstallation utility tailq - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz implementation of a doubly linked tail queue iptables-nft-restore - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz iptables using nftables kernel api dpkg-gencontrol - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz generate Debian control files plymouthd - 8 8 1647600318 0 A - - gz The plymouth daemon etext - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz end of program segments tc-bfifo - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Packet limited First In, First Out queue ext2 - 5 5 1654125315 0 B - - gz the second extended file system git-mv - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink lwp-download - 1p 1 1643396234 0 A - - gz Fetch large files from the web copy_file_range - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz Copy a range of data from one file to another systemd-logind - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Login manager socket socket 7 socket 2 nf NF 1 1 1581948710 0 B - - gz awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9) alphasort - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz scan a directory for matching entries � � @ � � �� 4stri,q M Z�4sg_s�� e (��5pthr�p U y��5deb � 9 �I7sigh@� 0 ]��4tc-eq ^ $#v5iso_�q a ��)6rindx� 7 ��6dpkg�� W � �7dirn� @ ���6setde� 4 {��6htob�� Z � 5evp_Tr ] ̦�7syst � , O� 6wgetM� �� 6updaa� c �p�7dsa �� < �� 7bzgr� \ N��4term�r �xs4sigw�r B Q�7x86_w� 8 �tw7gcov A �� 6popeN = ��6pthr� U ��e4sinh!s 5 ��#4iswc\s : t1�5fmod�s > Dg7setl�� 3 5?7prea V հ6envz^ 7 ^t�5dgst�s < 5?7prea� E p8�7zero� S a )5git-#t ? �B 6rpc G 9 �)Z7halt� B �v�6exec� , :[6get_ H d��4pmapkt �ҷ5sg_m�t U ��`4psig�t 5 �b6uncoX 5 �W�4__pp2u K k��4dirn�u �5numf�u K A��4mq_r�u �~�4htmlv d �P�6clnt� H �l�5upda�v D �'�7syst� ? r\�6rtimL / �/�5rese�v 4 �K�5gdisw O ���5semtmw : �L�6gets� + ��6ip-n� = ���4ip6t�w 0 ƲX6sg_z ? 1d06lvs G F �ø5run-�w � kT4io::�x r e��6loca� X )bc7expl 8 R5�7strnB * td7sha2t D ���7ciph� < |�_4msr y 6 �M�6mkte ��07syst 5 Xԑ6tc-sr / c�P7iso_� ` ��7getr ��b4clogVy B {�37getd; 3 x�5iso-�y a 8�24dmmp z 1 \8?4daemSz ���5procmz M P}24stai�z [ J�27svc_w H �t7ip-n� A /��7fget ; ��q5secuE{ 8 U��4char�{ M ��5putm�{ 7 �S�6unliZ M �r4lzma | M �.�5locau| ] �T�7git-� G �45stde�| 1 � �5evp_'} S � S4stat�} , �L�6memc - �z 4strv�} 8 ̓5sg_s~ a ̱�5instm~ : ��4mawk�~ J s�5csin�~ 2 ��6open5 < �3m5nrof5 J ���5dmmp� N Dƭ7systy " X t%Q4free � $ 9�@6syst� , ���4rego-� : ��5nss-p� b �2A5pam_� C ��5kill)� 3 Xz84locaf� X 0�?5gcov� D �0{5inot(� 9 9I>4ssh-i� � �'4getl)� 3 �x�5getsd� ; �A 5open�� N ���4pclo� = �i�7fsta0 , �7svc_b " 0j65pam_Y� 2 Js5rema�� > QK�6s390� T �{4inet�� C Z��5mq_t-� % ��m4setrb� " |Y>4grub�� C �7clnt� �%�4syst�� ~ ���6keep( � � 5ferr�� : [t95psto�� 6 _14gcc-� ; Ѿp4setrE� & ���6loca� L L�7clnt , ,��6clnt[ * �?05sysc� ht5locax� S _�5loca�� T S�-4RPCSC� ' �߬6http� X �7dd � 4 e<�7dpkg3 8 �J 4ginsx� 4 �`g6tc-g} / ��4byob�� M c�4mysq � 8 #�=4getwa� F �L6scal� a %-G6bind C �6systo " B �6lgam / �v4exec�� + �c�4myis�� = V�4uri:)� H ��[5writ{� 7 W!7open6 ? pZ�7loca� V x��7cpro� 8 bF14sg_w�� 9 u�4xdr � N � 4getfS� 1 < 6btrf/ ? �2�6vall� 4 F��7moun� ��`4evp_ p Q N'5dpkgap G freeproc - 3 3 1698752164 0 C readproc - gz regoff_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types nss-systemd - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz UNIX user and group name resolution for user/group lookup via Varlink pam_ftp - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM module for anonymous access module killall 1 - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz kill processes by name locale::recodedata::koi8_ru Locale::RecodeData::KOI8_RU 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for KOI8-RU gcov-dump - 1 1 1628148971 0 B - - gz offline gcda and gcno profile dump tool inotify - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz monitoring filesystem events ssh-import-id-lp - 1 1 1613057646 0 B - - gz retrieve one or more public keys from a public keyserver and append them to the current user's authorized_keys file (or some other specified file) getline - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz delimited string input getspent_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get shadow password file entry openssl-verification-options - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz generic X.509 certificate verification options pclose - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz pipe stream to or from a process pam_rhosts - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz The rhosts PAM module remainderf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point remainder function inet_lnaof - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Internet address manipulation routines mq_timedreceive mq_timedreceive 3 mq_timedreceive 2 setrlimit 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 C vlimit t gz grub-render-label - 1 1 1671398486 0 A - - gz generate a .disk_label for Apple Macs. systemd-bless-boot-generator - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Pull systemd-bless-boot.service into the initial boot transaction when boot counting is in effect ferror - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz check and reset stream status pstore.conf - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz PStore configuration file gcc-11 - 1 1 1766043084 0 B - - gz GNU project C and C++ compiler setrpcent 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C getrpcent - gz localectl - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz Control the system locale and keyboard layout settings locale::recodedata::koi_8 Locale::RecodeData::KOI_8 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for KOI-8 RPCSEC_GSS 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpcsec_gss - gz ginstall-info - 1 1 1644151725 0 B - - gz update info/dir entries byobu-select-backend - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz select your default Byobu backend window manager mysqlanalyze - 1 1 1769085889 0 B - t gz a table maintenance program getwchar - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz read a wide character from standard input execle - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz execute a file myisamlog - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - - gz display MyISAM log file contents uri::file URI::file 3pm 3 1635280325 0 A - - gz URI that maps to local file names write 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz write to a file descriptor sg_write_same - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI WRITE SAME command xdr - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz library routines for external data representation getfsspec - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz handle fstab entries sg_sat_identify - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send ATA IDENTIFY DEVICE command via SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT) layer deb - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian binary package format sighold - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz System V signal API rindex - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz locate character in string dpkg::gettext Dpkg::Gettext 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz convenience wrapper around Locale::gettext dirname 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz strip last component from file name setdomainname - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get/set NIS domain name htobe32 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert values between host and big-/little-endian byte order systemd-journald.socket - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Journal service wget Wget 1 wget 1 update-info-dir - 8 8 1644151725 0 A - - gz update or create index file from all installed info files in directory dsa - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands bzgrep - 1 1 1648028710 0 A - - gz search possibly bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression x86_64-linux-gnu-as - 1 1 1764774481 0 B - - gz the portable GNU assembler. setlocale - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz set the current locale � � :a � V ����cpu_Ù E ��'0evp_ � { ��)1hsea�� 2 _�S0lvm2° X oIN1httx4� G ��~0setj�� 7 ��1strnñ / �"�0pam_�� F ~��0dumpN� H > R1syst�� 2 G��0auth� $ `W1bpf � P ����ioct� \ ����kexe�� B :6�1updat� 4 ����cbc_͚ ����pktt� : ����ecb_6� 0 ����syml� ����git-r� 9 ����zcat�� 5 [qa0dpkg�� ; ��91slis�� M eR�1iscsX� @ ��1clnt�� �PJ1getsԴ D �� 0getu"� 5 #I�0sshdc� V��1dpkgp� G ����getn� 9 ��`0geti̵ @ ����evp_5� a �?�1svcr � H W�51htmlt� T �]0podcڶ O ����ptmx�� < ����bzeg� \ ��0git-4� [ �h�0xfs_�� 5 ���1ruseط P ��B0etf 0� $ M��0evp_X� [ �}�1ssh-�� 9 q�$0gets� ; ��0lckpI� ; ::�1inb_�� % ����pvreL� H ����ioct�� N ��1a2di�� M �<%0circ� c ����casi�� - 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- gz Digest MD5 Authentication class tc-connmark - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz netfilter connmark retriever action circleq_last CIRCLEQ_LAST 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue groupmems - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz administer members of a user's primary group xfs_rtcp - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz XFS realtime copy command arp arp 7 arp 8 grub-script-check - 1 1 1671398486 0 A - - gz check grub.cfg for syntax errors execv - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz execute a file ptsname_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get the name of the slave pseudoterminal mkfs.cramfs - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz make compressed ROM file system ferror_unlocked - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz nonlocking stdio functions killall killall 1 killall 3pm locale::recodedata::ibm256 Locale::RecodeData::IBM256 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM256 sha1sum - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz compute and check SHA1 message digest circleq_first CIRCLEQ_FIRST 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue cpio - 1 1 1714307436 0 A - - gz copy files to and from archives clone3 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz create a child process needrestart - 1 1 1733399918 0 A - - gz needrestart xfs_freeze - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz suspend access to an XFS filesystem sum - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz checksum and count the blocks in a file tzselect tzselect 8 tzselect 1 hdestroy - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz hash table management lround - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz round to nearest integer e2fsck - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system mremap - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz remap a virtual memory address gcov-tool-11 - 1 1 1766043084 0 B - - gz offline gcda profile processing tool popen - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz pipe stream to or from a process pthread_attr_setstacksize - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz set/get stack size attribute in thread attributes object pread64 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz read from or write to a file descriptor at a given offset envz_add - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz environment string support preadv2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz read or write data into multiple buffers zerofree - 8 8 1648202094 0 A - - gz zero free blocks from ext2, ext3 and ext4 file-systems rpc 5 - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz RPC program number data base halt - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Halt, power-off or reboot the machine execve - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz execute program get_thread_area - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz manipulate thread-local storage information uncompress - 1 1 1662384839 0 B - - gz compress or expand files clnt_sperrno 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls systemd-volatile-root.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Make the root file system volatile rtime 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "get remote time" getsid - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get session ID ip-neighbour - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz neighbour/arp tables management. sg_zone - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send a SCSI ZONE modifying command lvs - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Display information about logical volumes locale::recodedata::tis_620 Locale::RecodeData::TIS_620 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for TIS-620 expl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz base-e exponential function strncpy - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz copy a string sha224sum - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz compute and check SHA224 message digest ciphers - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands mktemp mktemp 1 mktemp 3 systemd-hybrid-sleep.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz System sleep state logic tc-skbprio - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz SKB Priority Queue iso_8859-4 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz ISO 8859-4 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal getrpcent getrpcent 3t getrpcent 3 getdelim - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz delimited string input svc_run 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls ip-netns - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz process network namespace management fgetspent_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get shadow password file entry unlinkat - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz delete a name and possibly the file it refers to git-apply - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Apply a patch to files and/or to the index memcpy - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz copy memory area openssl - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz OpenSSL command line program systemd-network-generator.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Generate network configuration from the kernel command line systemd-journald - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Journal service fstat - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get file status svc_getcaller svc_getcaller 3t svc_getcaller 3 s390_guarded_storage - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz operations with z/Architecture guarded storage facility clnt_freeres clnt_freeres 3t clnt_freeres 3 keep-one-running - 1 1 1389825651 0 B - - gz run just one instance at a time of some command and unique set of arguments (useful for cronjobs, eg) locale::messages Locale::Messages 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Gettext Like Message Retrieval clnt_create_vers_timed - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_create - gz clnt_pcreateerror clnt_pcreateerror 3t clnt_pcreateerror 3 http::config HTTP::Config 3pm 3 1641439263 0 A - 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- gz macros for manipulating CPU sets slist_remove_head SLIST_REMOVE_HEAD 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked list fchdir - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz change working directory pthread_equal - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz compare thread IDs res_nquerydomain - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz resolver routines lroundl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz round to nearest integer gtty - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz unimplemented system calls iptables-save - 8 8 1705439670 0 A - - gz dump iptables rules ossl_provider-null OSSL_PROVIDER-null 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz OpenSSL null provider getuid32 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get user identity dumpkeys - 1 1 1671200073 0 A - - gz dump keyboard translation tables sudo_logsrvd.conf - 5 5 1772456886 0 A - - gz configuration for sudo_logsrvd endprotoent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get protocol entry vdprintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz formatted output conversion locale::recodedata::ibm038 Locale::RecodeData::IBM038 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM038 nc_openbsd - 1 1 1645614583 0 A - - gz arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens locale::recodedata::iso_2033_1983 Locale::RecodeData::ISO_2033_1983 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ISO_2033_1983 pidfd_open - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz obtain a file descriptor that refers to a process getnetbyname - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get network entry mac - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands futimes - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz change file timestamps verrx - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz formatted error messages bpftool BPFTOOL 8 bpftool 8 zstdmt - 1 1 1648138558 0 A - - gz zstd, zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat - Compress or decompress .zst files vcstime - 8 8 1671200073 0 A - - gz Show time in upper right hand corner of the console screen casinh - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz complex arc sine hyperbolic siginfo_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types creat - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz open and possibly create a file endutent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz access utmp file entries readelf - 1 1 1764774481 0 A - - gz display information about ELF files ip6tables-nft-restore - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz iptables using nftables kernel api sg_rmsn - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI READ MEDIA SERIAL NUMBER command pthread_rwlockattr_getkind_np - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz set/get the read-write lock kind of the thread read-write lock attribute object svc_getargs 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls daylight - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz initialize time conversion information strcmp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz compare two strings unimplemented - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz unimplemented system calls sg_get_config - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI GET CONFIGURATION command (MMC-4 +) warn - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz formatted error messages atoi - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a string to an integer cpu_and_s CPU_AND_S 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets systemd.directives - 7 7 1773420461 0 A - - gz Index of configuration directives xfs_quota - 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3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls newgrp - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz log in to a new group do-release-upgrade - 8 8 1707832074 0 A - - gz upgrade operating system to latest release svcfd_create 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz sg3_utils - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz a package of utilities for sending SCSI commands pvalloc - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz allocate aligned memory RSA 7ssl - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY RSA keytype and algorithm support gethostbyname - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get network host entry hostid - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz print the numeric identifier for the current host iopl - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz change I/O privilege level nologin 5 - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz prevent unprivileged users from logging into the system confstr - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get configuration dependent string variables y0f - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Bessel functions of the second kind circleq_head_initializer CIRCLEQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue services - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz Internet network services list aa-status - 8 8 1724795322 0 A - - gz display various information about the current AppArmor policy. sha512sum - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz compute and check SHA512 message digest locale::recodedata::cp1252 Locale::RecodeData::CP1252 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for CP1252 locale::recodedata::ebcdic_pt Locale::RecodeData::EBCDIC_PT 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for EBCDIC_PT sigvec - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz BSD signal API wcslen - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz determine the length of a wide-character string chroot 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz change root directory quotactl - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz manipulate disk quotas html::formatter HTML::Formatter 3pm 3 1608316604 0 A - - gz Base class for HTML formatters dprintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz formatted output conversion xfs - 5 5 1644381753 0 A - t gz layout, mount options, and supported file attributes for the XFS filesystem locale::recodedata::ebcdic_es_a Locale::RecodeData::EBCDIC_ES_A 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - 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3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz reverse order of bytes htonl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert values between host and network byte order wait4 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz wait for process to change state, BSD style systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and directories authsys_create - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_auth - gz biosdecode - 8 8 1661298767 0 A - - gz BIOS information decoder x509 1ssl - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands slabtop - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - t gz display kernel slab cache information in real time cprojf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz project into Riemann Sphere net::smtp::ssl Net::SMTP::SSL 3pm 3 1477866954 0 A - - gz SSL support for Net::SMTP xdr_float - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation key_secretkey_is_set - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz interfaces to rpc keyserver daemon xdr_pmaplist xdr_pmaplist 3t xdr_pmaplist 3 sigisemptyset - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz POSIX signal set operations xxd - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz make a hexdump or do the reverse. git-remote-fd - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Reflect smart transport stream back to caller g++-11 - 1 1 1766043084 0 B - - gz GNU project C and C++ compiler shm_unlink - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz create/open or unlink POSIX shared memory objects daemon 7 - 7 7 1773420461 0 A - - gz Writing and packaging system daemons delpart - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz tell the kernel to forget about a partition lstat - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get file status thin_delta - 8 8 1647606993 0 A - - gz Print the differences in the mappings between two thin devices. pdb3.10 - 1 1 1772538992 0 A - - gz the Python debugger readlink readlink 1 readlink 2 a2disconf - 8 8 1777987607 0 B - - gz enable or disable an apache2 configuration file ioctl_ficlone - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz share some the data of one file with another file grpconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz convert to and from shadow passwords and groups phar7.4.phar - 1 1 1712873608 0 B - - gz PHAR (PHP archive) command line tool res_querydomain - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz resolver routines get_current_dir_name 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 C getcwd - gz uuidparse - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - t gz a utility to parse unique identifiers sem_timedwait - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz lock a semaphore wmempcpy - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz copy memory area byobu-select-profile - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz select your Byobu foreground and background colors sigval - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types git-init-db - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Creates an empty Git repository open 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz open and possibly create a file md5sum - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz compute and check MD5 message digest lvm-config - 8 8 1645031182 0 B - - gz Display and manipulate configuration information setusershell - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get permitted user shells evp_md-md2 EVP_MD-MD2 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The MD2 EVP_MD implementation xprt_unregister 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls py3clean - 1 1 1660819144 0 A - - gz removes .pyc and .pyo files dcb-app - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz show / manipulate application priority table of the DCB (Data Center Bridging) subsystem sed - 1 1 1776448974 0 A - - gz stream editor for filtering and transforming text killall5 - 8 8 1639516642 0 A - - gz send a signal to all processes. cpu_or CPU_OR 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets git-merge-file - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Run a three-way file merge instmodsh - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz A shell to examine installed modules svc_fds - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz if_indextoname - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz mappings between network interface names and indexes sigabbrev_np - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz return string describing signal systemd.kill - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Process killing procedure configuration cpu_zero_s CPU_ZERO_S 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets swapon 8 - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz enable/disable devices and files for paging and swapping xdrrec_endofrecord - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation rarp - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz manipulate the system RARP table e2fsck.conf - 5 5 1654125315 0 A - - gz Configuration file for e2fsck svc_getrpccaller - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_svc_calls - gz fstat64 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get file status readlinkat - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz read value of a symbolic link rpc_gss_get_error - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "Get error details" fprintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz formatted output conversion clntudp_bufcreate 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls evp_rand-test-rand EVP_RAND-TEST-RAND 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The test EVP_RAND implementation ipcs - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz show information on IPC facilities swapoff swapoff 8 swapoff 2 ssh - 1 1 1777336690 0 A - - gz OpenSSH remote login client rtime rtime 3t rtime 3 toascii - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert character to ASCII life_cycle-cipher - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The cipher algorithm life-cycle casinhl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex arc sine hyperbolic initramfs-tools - 7 7 1690278884 0 A - - gz an introduction to writing scripts for mkinitramfs __ppc_get_timebase_freq - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get the current value of the Time Base Register on Power architecture and its frequency. alloc_hugepages - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz allocate or free huge pages git-check-attr - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Display gitattributes information man man 7 man 1 dgettext - 3 3 1648204267 0 B - - gz translate message h2xs - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz convert .h C header files to Perl extensions evp_rand EVP_RAND 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz the random bit generator git-switch - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Switch branches res_nsearch - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz resolver routines pmap_getport 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls fts_children - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz traverse a file hierarchy evp_rand-seed-src EVP_RAND-SEED-SRC 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The randomness seed source EVP_RAND implementation openssl-dsaparam - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz DSA parameter manipulation and generation gethostname - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get/set hostname circleq_loop_prev CIRCLEQ_LOOP_PREV 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue deb-conffiles - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz package conffiles openssl-asn1parse - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz ASN.1 parsing command fegetround - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point rounding and exception handling fdopen - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz stream open functions openssl-crl - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz CRL command faillog 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz login failure logging file tc-hfsc 7 - 7 7 1648123007 0 A - - gz Hierarchical Fair Service Curve pam_listfile - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz deny or allow services based on an arbitrary file isatty - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - 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- gz config file for vsftpd aio_init - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz asynchronous I/O initialization ntfstruncate - 8 8 1776448468 0 A - t gz truncate a file on an NTFS volume lessfile - 1 1 1714249965 0 B - - gz "input preprocessor" for less. dpkg-source - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian source package (.dsc) manipulation tool rmdir rmdir 1 rmdir 2 rpc_gss_set_svc_name - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "Associate a GSS-API service principal with an RPC service" chronyd - 8 8 1644292089 0 A - - gz chrony daemon mkfs.ntfs - 8 8 1776448468 0 B - t gz create an NTFS file system ttyname_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz return name of a terminal c_rehash - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz Create symbolic links to files named by the hash values tc-htb - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Hierarchy Token Bucket sg_rbuf - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz reads data using SCSI READ BUFFER command locale::libintlfaq Locale::libintlFAQ 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Frequently asked questions for libintl-perl locale::recodedata::maciceland Locale::RecodeData::MACICELAND 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for MACICELAND libvmtools - 3 3 1758643534 0 A - - gz vmware shared library getprotobyname - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get protocol entry getwd getwd 3 notify-send - 1 1 1651094602 0 A - - gz a program to send desktop notifications acosl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz arc cosine function sem_close - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz close a named semaphore cpu_set_s CPU_SET_S 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets wmemmove - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz copy an array of wide-characters rpcb_getmaps - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpcbind - gz sg_vpd - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz fetch SCSI VPD page and/or decode its response git-remote-ext - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Bridge smart transport to external command. io::socket::ssl::intercept IO::Socket::SSL::Intercept 3pm 3 1642100533 0 A - - gz - SSL interception (man in the middle) tc-flower - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz flow based traffic control filter iptunnel - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz Create and manage IP tunnels corelist - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz a commandline frontend to Module::CoreList /etc/adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C adduser.conf - gz stdarg - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz variable argument lists fdetach - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz unimplemented system calls utmpname - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz access utmp file entries libwww::lwptut - 3pm 3 1643396234 0 A - - gz - An LWP Tutorial perf-bench - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz General framework for benchmark suites feupdateenv - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point rounding and exception handling init-d-script - 5 5 1639516642 0 A - - gz interpreter for short and simple init.d scripts motd - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz message of the day utmpxname - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz access utmp file entries readdir 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz read directory entry evp_mac-kmac128 EVP_MAC-KMAC128 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz The KMAC EVP_MAC implementations glob glob 7 glob 3 locale::recodedata::iso_8859_6 Locale::RecodeData::ISO_8859_6 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - 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t gz search a string for any of a set of bytes vswprintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz formatted wide-character output conversion accept - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz accept a connection on a socket sg_unmap - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI UNMAP command (known as 'trim' in ATA specs) lrint - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz round to nearest integer strptime - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a string representation of time to a time tm structure sigaddset - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz POSIX signal set operations systemd-bless-boot.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Mark current boot process as successful fchmodat - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz change permissions of a file cacoshf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex arc hyperbolic cosine rpc_soc - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "library routines for remote procedure calls" dpkg::checksums Dpkg::Checksums 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz generate and manipulate file checksums unshare 1 - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz run program in new namespaces date::language::bulgarian Date::Language::Bulgarian 3pm 3 1613403725 0 A - - gz localization for Date::Format cpupower - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Shows and sets processor power related values string - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz string operations R utmpdump - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz dump UTMP and WTMP files in raw format timedatectl - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz Control the system time and date locale::recodedata::ebcdic_at_de Locale::RecodeData::EBCDIC_AT_DE 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for EBCDIC_AT_DE git-bundle - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Move objects and refs by archive fsync - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz synchronize a file's in-core state with storage device watchgnupg - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz Read and print logs from a socket div_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types tee 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz read from standard input and write to standard output and files clone Clone 3pm clone 2 getpmsg - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz unimplemented system calls getgid - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get group identity setlogcons - 8 8 1671200073 0 A - - gz Send kernel messages to console N iptables-extensions - 8 8 1705439670 0 A - - gz list of extensions in the standard iptables distribution ext3 - 5 5 1654125315 0 B - t gz the third extended file system clnt_destroy clnt_destroy 3t clnt_destroy 3 iptables-apply - 8 8 1705439670 0 A - - gz a safer way to update iptables remotely piconv - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz - iconv(1), reinvented in perl vgck - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Check the consistency of volume group(s) dpkg::build::info Dpkg::Build::Info 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz handle build information delv - 1 1 1774366276 0 A - - gz DNS lookup and validation utility vdir - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz list directory contents git-grep - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Print lines matching a pattern fsck.ext4 - 8 8 1654125315 0 B - - gz check a Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 file system ccoshf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex hyperbolic cosine sudoers - 5 5 1772456886 0 A - - gz default sudo security policy plugin tis-620 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-11 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal rcmd - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz routines for returning a stream to a remote command crypt 5 - 5 5 1639781301 0 A - - gz storage format for hashed passphrases and available hashing methods setnetpath - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C getnetpath - gz pam_filter - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM filter module systemd-rc-local-generator - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Compatibility generator and service to start /etc/rc.local during boot clnt_call 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls sem_getvalue - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get the value of a semaphore systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Write audit and utmp updates at bootup, runlevel changes and shutdown locale::recodedata::iso_8859_1 Locale::RecodeData::ISO_8859_1 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ISO-8859-1 fadvise64 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz predeclare an access pattern for file data tc-pfifo - 8 8 1648123007 0 B - - gz Packet limited First In, First Out queue clnt_create_timed - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_create - gz locale::recodedata::macgreek Locale::RecodeData::MACGREEK 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for MACGREEK locale 1 - 1 1 1623352727 0 A - - gz get locale-specific information subuid - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz the subordinate uid file stpcpy - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz copy a string returning a pointer to its end getnetconfig - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz get network configuration database entry environment - 5 5 1749739528 0 C pam_env.conf - gz remquof - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz remainder and part of quotient major - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz manage a device number des_modes - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz the variants of DES and other crypto algorithms of OpenSSL evp_md-sha2 EVP_MD-SHA2 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The SHA2 EVP_MD implementation latin1 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-1 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal futex futex 7 futex 2 encode::locale Encode::Locale 3pm 3 1608315716 0 A - - gz Determine the locale encoding git-sh-setup - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Common Git shell script setup code lsof - 8 8 1648138584 0 A - - gz list open files lowntfs-3g - 8 8 1776448468 0 B - - gz Third Generation Read/Write NTFS Driver crontab 1 - 1 1 1648043353 0 A - - gz maintain crontab files for individual users (Vixie Cron) openssl-ec - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz EC key processing git-subtree - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Merge subtrees together and split repository into subtrees rintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz round to nearest integer pciconfig_write - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz pci device information handling devlink-trap - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz devlink trap configuration statvfs - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get filesystem statistics rpc_clnt_create - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "library routines for dealing with creation and manipulation of" pid_namespaces - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz overview of Linux PID namespaces patch - 1 1 1648138941 0 A - - gz apply a diff file to an original getprotoent_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get protocol entry (reentrant) kbxutil - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz List, export, import Keybox data sysctl 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz read/write system parameters sincosl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz calculate sin and cos simultaneously name_to_handle_at - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz obtain handle for a pathname and open file via a handle scsi_mandat - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz check SCSI device support for mandatory commands git-fmt-merge-msg - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Produce a merge commit message svc_freeargs svc_freeargs 3t svc_freeargs 3 fegetexcept - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz floating-point rounding and exception handling ptx - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz produce a permuted index of file contents reboot reboot 8 reboot 2 iso_8859-11 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz ISO 8859-11 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal sfb - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-sfb - gz git-update-index - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Register file contents in the working tree to the index endnetconfig - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C getnetconfig - gz csqrtf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex square root revoutput - 3am 3 1692267876 0 A - - gz Reverse output strings sample extension svc_getcaller 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls lwp::mediatypes LWP::MediaTypes 3pm 3 1563483109 0 A - - gz guess media type for a file or a URL locale::recodedata::iso_8859_10 Locale::RecodeData::ISO_8859_10 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ISO-8859-10 posix_fadvise - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz predeclare an access pattern for file data futimens futimens 3 readfile - 3am 3 1692267876 0 A - - gz return the entire contents of a file as a string pam_getenv - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz get environment variables from /etc/environment wdctl - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz show hardware watchdog status intro 6 - 6 6 1623352727 0 A - - gz introduction to games systemd-hibernate-resume - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Resume from hibernation ngettext 3 - 3 3 1648204267 0 A - - gz translate message and choose plural form tc-fq_codel - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Fair Queuing (FQ) with Controlled Delay (CoDel) getservent_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get service entry (reentrant) latin10 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-16 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal journald.conf.d - 5 5 1773420461 0 B - - gz Journal service configuration files sinl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz sine function resolver resolver 5 resolver 3 xdr_long - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation fnmatch 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz match filename or pathname systemd-growfs - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Creating and growing file systems on demand getsockname - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get socket name html::template HTML::Template 3pm 3 1608744395 0 A - - gz Perl module to use HTML-like templating language setnetgrent - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz handle network group entries getty - 8 8 1772813404 0 B - - gz alternative Linux getty nm - 1 1 1764774481 0 A - - gz list symbols from object files git-fetch-pack - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Receive missing objects from another repository fd_set FD_SET 3 FD_SET 2 ioctl_tty ioctl_tty 2 lvm-dumpconfig - 8 8 1645031182 0 B - - gz Display and manipulate configuration information deb-systemd-invoke - 1p 1 1644964366 0 A - - gz wrapper around systemctl, respecting policy-rc.d tload - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz graphic representation of system load average io_getevents - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz read asynchronous I/O events from the completion queue byobu-disable-prompt - 1 1 1581948710 0 B - - gz add and remove a nice color prompt to your shell configuration systemd-growfs@.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Creating and growing file systems on demand systemd-path - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz List and query system and user paths gpg-zip - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz encrypt or sign files into an archive fnmatch 3am - 3am 3 1692267876 0 A - - gz compare a string against a filename wildcard devlink-sb - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz devlink shared buffer configuration text::iconv Text::Iconv 3pm 3 1644150738 0 A - - gz Perl interface to iconv() codeset conversion function tc-mirred - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz mirror/redirect action hwclock 8 - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz time clocks utility locale.gen - 5 5 1769761256 0 A - - gz Configuration file for locale-gen apparmor_parser - 8 8 1724795322 0 A - - gz loads AppArmor profiles into the kernel kpartx - 8 8 1698790919 0 A - - gz Create device maps from partition tables. evp_md-sha1 EVP_MD-SHA1 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The SHA1 EVP_MD implementation FILE 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types evp_rand-hash-drbg EVP_RAND-HASH-DRBG 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The HASH DRBG EVP_RAND implementation circleq_foreach CIRCLEQ_FOREACH 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue limits.conf - 5 5 1749739528 0 A - - gz configuration file for the pam_limits module stailq_head STAILQ_HEAD 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked tail queue shmctl - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - t gz System V shared memory control wcscasecmp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz compare two wide-character strings, ignoring case bind_textdomain_codeset - 3 3 1648204267 0 A - - gz set encoding of message translations write.ul - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz send a message to another user seekdir - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz set the position of the next readdir() call in the directory stream. intro 5 - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz introduction to file formats and filesystems gpg-agent - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz Secret key management for GnuPG tc-hfcs - 7 7 1648123007 0 C tc-hfsc - gz error::simple Error::Simple 3pm 3 1580487331 0 A - - gz the simple error sub-class of Error drand48_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers reentrantly sg_stream_ctl - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI STREAM CONTROL or GET STREAM STATUS command apt-mark - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz show, set and unset various settings for a package snap-discard-ns - 8 8 1773315027 0 A - - gz internal tool for discarding preserved namespaces of snappy applications nice nice 1 nice 2 namespace.conf - 5 5 1749739528 0 A - - gz the namespace configuration file setresuid32 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set real, effective and saved user or group ID getmsg - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz unimplemented system calls systemd-networkd-wait-online - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Wait for network to come online resolv.conf - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz resolver configuration file linux-version - 1 1 1624369117 0 A - - gz operate on Linux kernel version strings wcscat - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz concatenate two wide-character strings locale::recodedata::atari_st_euro Locale::RecodeData::ATARI_ST_EURO 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ATARI-ST-EURO choom - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz display and adjust OOM-killer score. rpc rpc 5 rpc 3t rpc 3 locale::recodedata::ibm880 Locale::RecodeData::IBM880 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM880 pod2usage - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz print usage messages from embedded pod docs in files bpftool-iter - 8 8 1775945558 0 A - - gz tool to create BPF iterators getrpcport getrpcport 3t getrpcport 3 getrpcent_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get RPC entry (reentrant) ispunct - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz character classification functions mkfs.minix - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz make a Minix filesystem svc_tli_create - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_svc_create - gz registerrpc 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz uri 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz uniform resource identifier (URI), including a URL or URN edit - 1 1 1639178040 0 B - - gz execute programs via entries in the mailcap file get_nprocs - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get number of processors fchmod - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz change permissions of a file tempfile - 1 1 1648043394 0 A - - gz create a temporary file in a safe manner dlerror - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz obtain error diagnostic for functions in the dlopen API xdr_int - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation git-merge-base - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Find as good common ancestors as possible for a merge html::tokeparser HTML::TokeParser 3pm 3 1644150616 0 A - - gz Alternative HTML::Parser interface byobu-reconnect-sockets - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz Sourcable script that updates GPG_AGENT_INFO and DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS in the environment sg_sat_read_gplog - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz use ATA READ LOG EXT command via a SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT) layer readdir 3am - 3am 3 1692267876 0 A - - gz directory input parser for gawk cpu_equal_s CPU_EQUAL_S 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets rsa 1ssl - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands powf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz power functions ioprio_set - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get/set I/O scheduling class and priority ip-ntable - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz neighbour table configuration ctail - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz watch and colorize a logfile lvmthin - 7 7 1645031182 0 A - - gz LVM thin provisioning gcov-11 - 1 1 1766043084 0 B - - gz coverage testing tool rpcbind - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz library routines for RPC bind service sg_write_buffer - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI WRITE BUFFER commands vwarnx - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz formatted error messages hypot - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz Euclidean distance function regfree - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz POSIX regex functions lwp::protocol LWP::Protocol 3pm 3 1643396234 0 A - - gz Base class for LWP protocols http::cookies::netscape HTTP::Cookies::Netscape 3pm 3 1609896330 0 A - - gz Access to Netscape cookies files sigpending - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz examine pending signals awk - 1 1 1709258872 653141982 B - - gz pattern scanning and processing language genl - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz generic netlink utility frontend xprt_unregister 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz xprt_register 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls pager - 1 1 1709258876 849188251 B - - gz opposite of more systemd-udevd - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Device event managing daemon timeout - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz run a command with a time limit res_nquery - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz resolver routines authen::sasl::perl::cram_md5 Authen::SASL::Perl::CRAM_MD5 3pm 3 1608318586 0 A - - gz CRAM MD5 Authentication class dmmp_path_group_status_str - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Convert path group status to string. sem_destroy - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz destroy an unnamed semaphore Clone 3pm - 3pm 3 1644151320 0 A - - gz recursively copy Perl datatypes sftp - 1 1 1777336690 0 A - - gz OpenSSH secure file transfer git-pack-refs - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Pack heads and tags for efficient repository access locale::recodedata::ibm869 Locale::RecodeData::IBM869 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM869 pam_namespace_helper - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Helper binary that creates home directories getenv - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get an environment variable registerrpc registerrpc 3t registerrpc 3 res_nmkquery - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz resolver routines userdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz delete a user account and related files tc-pfifo_fast - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz three-band first in, first out queue wtmp - 5 5 1623352727 0 B - - gz login records getresuid32 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get real, effective and saved user/group IDs printenv - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz print all or part of environment nstat - 8 8 1648123007 0 B - - gz network statistics tools. iso-8859-8 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - t gz ISO 8859-8 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal sources.list - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz List of configured APT data sources gnu_dev_makedev - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz manage a device number nextafterl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point number manipulation clnttcp_create 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls sudo_sendlog - 8 8 1772456886 0 A - - gz send sudo I/O log to log server xdr_pmap 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls multipathd - 8 8 1698790919 0 A - - gz Multipath daemon. cbrtf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz cube root function set_robust_list - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get/set list of robust futexes ld - 1 1 1764774481 0 B - - gz The GNU linker pthread_spin_unlock - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz lock and unlock a spin lock grub-mkconfig - 8 8 1671398486 0 A - - gz generate a GRUB configuration file netplan-status - 8 8 1719594733 0 A - - gz query networking state of the running system scalbnl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz multiply floating-point number by integral power of radix pam_deny - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz The locking-out PAM module uri::ldap URI::ldap 3pm 3 1635280325 0 A - - gz LDAP Uniform Resource Locators exp2l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz base-2 exponential function svcerr_noproc 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls mq_timedsend 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz send a message to a message queue tgamma - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz true gamma function pam_timestamp - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Authenticate using cached successful authentication attempts iswgraph - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz test for graphic wide character authsys_create_default - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_auth - gz rt_sigqueueinfo - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz queue a signal and data look - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz display lines beginning with a given string gcc-ranlib - 1 1 1628148971 0 B - - gz a wrapper around ranlib adding the --plugin option grub-kbdcomp - 1 1 1671398486 0 A - - gz generate a GRUB keyboard layout file dhclient - 8 8 1675202080 0 A - - gz Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client readproctab - 3 3 1698752164 0 A - - gz read information for all current processes at once locale::recode::_aliases Locale::Recode::_Aliases 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Internal Charset Alias Database for libintl-perl check_forensic - 8 8 1777987607 0 A - - gz tool to extract mod_log_forensic output from apache log files setitimer - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get or set value of an interval timer deb-md5sums - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz package MD5 file digests git-imap-send - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Send a collection of patches from stdin to an IMAP folder strchr - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz locate character in string sysctl.conf - 5 5 1698752164 0 A - - gz sysctl preload/configuration file ssh-add - 1 1 1777336690 0 A - - gz adds private key identities to the OpenSSH authentication agent ip-vrf - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz run a command against a vrf aa-remove-unknown - 8 8 1724795322 0 A - - gz remove unknown AppArmor profiles systemd-sleep - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz System sleep state logic openssl-pkcs8 - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz PKCS#8 format private key conversion command process_vm_writev - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz transfer data between process address spaces udplite - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz Lightweight User Datagram Protocol cbq CBQ 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-cbq-details - gz svc_control - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_svc_create - gz tracepath - 8 8 1753357904 0 A - - gz traces path to a network host discovering MTU along this path deb-changelog - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz dpkg source packages' changelog file format lvresize - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Resize a logical volume perror perror 1 perror 3 pmap_getport pmap_getport 3t pmap_getport 3 ip-netconf - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz network configuration monitoring pydoc3.10 - 1 1 1772538992 0 A - - gz the Python documentation tool x86_64 - 8 8 1772813404 0 B - - gz change reported architecture in new program environment and/or set personality flags apt-secure - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Archive authentication support for APT trial - 1 1 1732297781 0 C trial3 - gz compose 1 - 1 1 1639178040 0 B - - gz execute programs via entries in the mailcap file systemd-ask-password-wall.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Query the user for system passwords on the console and via wall setgroups32 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get/set list of supplementary group IDs be16toh - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert values between host and big-/little-endian byte order ssh-import-id - 1 1 1613057646 0 A - - gz retrieve one or more public keys from a public keyserver and append them to the current user's authorized_keys file (or some other specified file) git-commit-graph - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Write and verify Git commit-graph files pthread_attr_init - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz initialize and destroy thread attributes object acpid - 8 8 1643104815 0 A - - gz Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event daemon debian-distro-info - 1 1 1701173912 0 A - - gz provides information about Debian's distributions sg_prevent - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI PREVENT ALLOW MEDIUM REMOVAL command scandeps - 1p 1 1731951080 0 A - - gz Scan file prerequisites svcerr_decode 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz epoll_create1 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz open an epoll file descriptor timerfd_gettime - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz timers that notify via file descriptors sln - 8 8 1623352727 0 A - - gz create symbolic links ucf.conf - 5 5 1592285873 0 A - - gz site-wide configuration file for ucf pthread_spin_destroy - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz initialize or destroy a spin lock arptables-nft - 8 8 1705439670 0 A - - gz ARP table administration (nft-based) svc_freeargs 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls devlink-rate - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz devlink rate management tmpfiles.d - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - t gz Configuration for creation, deletion and cleaning of volatile and temporary files alarm - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set an alarm clock for delivery of a signal grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 - 1 1 1671398486 0 A - - gz generate hashed password for GRUB bzip2recover - 1 1 1648028710 0 B - - gz recovers data from damaged bzip2 files getent - 1 1 1623352727 0 A - - gz get entries from Name Service Switch libraries feraiseexcept - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point rounding and exception handling update-shells - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz update the list of valid login shells clnt_tli_create - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_create - gz vgsplit - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Move physical volumes into a new or existing volume group argz_delete - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz functions to handle an argz list cpu_isset_s CPU_ISSET_S 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets netplan-info - 8 8 1719594733 0 A - - gz show available features sched_rr_get_interval - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get the SCHED_RR interval for the named process systemd-boot - 7 7 1773420461 0 A - - gz A simple UEFI boot manager sleep.conf.d - 5 5 1773420461 0 B - - gz Suspend and hibernation configuration file rt_sigprocmask - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz examine and change blocked signals expf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz base-e exponential function bzdiff - 1 1 1648028710 0 A - - gz compare bzip2 compressed files locale::recodedata::cwi Locale::RecodeData::CWI 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for CWI dpkg::buildprofiles Dpkg::BuildProfiles 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz handle build profiles pvdisplay - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Display various attributes of physical volume(s) netplan-try - 8 8 1719594733 0 A - - gz try a configuration, optionally rolling it back systemd-hostnamed.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Daemon to control system hostname from programs 9 lzgrep - 1 1 1709258945 973949465 B - - gz search compressed files for a regular expression posix_openpt - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz open a pseudoterminal device systemd-time-wait-sync.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Wait until kernel time is synchronized git-merge-index - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Run a merge for files needing merging casinl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex arc sine faccessat2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz check user's permissions for a file clock_settime - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - t gz clock and time functions lseek - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz reposition read/write file offset stdbuf - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz Run COMMAND, with modified buffering operations for its standard streams. netlink 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz Netlink macros ld.so - 8 8 1623352727 0 A - - gz dynamic linker/loader vigr - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file e2freefrag - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz report free space fragmentation information kbdrate - 8 8 1671200073 0 A - - gz reset the keyboard repeat rate and delay time ioctl_console 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz ioctls for console terminal and virtual consoles securetty - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz list of terminals on which root is allowed to login setvesablank - 8 8 1671200073 0 A - - gz Turn VESA screen blanking on or off mrand48 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers file::listing File::Listing 3pm 3 1606931393 0 A - - gz Parse directory listing tc-sample - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz packet sampling tc action syslog 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz read and/or clear kernel message ring buffer; set console_loglevel ntfsrecover - 8 8 1776448468 0 A - - gz Recover updates committed by Windows on an NTFS volume systemd-halt.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz System shutdown logic mysqlbinlog - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - t gz utility for processing binary log files dlclose - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz open and close a shared object ip-sr - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz IPv6 Segment Routing management svcerr_progvers 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz resolver 5 - 5 5 1623352727 0 B - - gz resolver configuration file putspent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get shadow password file entry checkgid - 8 8 1777987607 0 A - - gz checks the gid lwptut - 3pm 3 1643396234 0 C libwww::lwptut - gz exit 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz terminate the calling process req - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands lscpu - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz display information about the CPU architecture address_families - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz socket address families (domains) bootup - 7 7 1773420461 0 A - - gz System bootup process svc_register 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls sg_read_attr - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI READ ATTRIBUTE command algorithm::diff Algorithm::Diff 3pm 3 1608233130 0 A - - gz Compute `intelligent' differences between two files / lists delgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz remove a user or group from the system update-ca-certificates - 8 8 1727199969 0 A - - gz update /etc/ssl/certs and ca-certificates.crt perf-timechart - 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" :��Ccfma�! a ���Beatm" g }nBgetr�" HCBmodi�" I =KJCpam_�" F Ւ BdnsdH# > 0��Ccpu_�# C ���� W�-Csg_m�# W ���� 's@Btcse?$ J )Bpam.�$ 4 S�%Bsetk�$ 4 ���� ���� R�1Bstrd % / $(�CwritB% C ^�0Bwmem�% = ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� e0�Bgrub�% A ���� ��Csets$& 4 �{�Clwp-a& P %�Crema�& > `��Csvc_' ( ��Cred 2' 6 F��Csg_s�� @ �pCfflun' + rt_sigpending - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz examine pending signals http::response HTTP::Response 3pm 3 1641439263 0 A - - gz HTTP style response message inw_p - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz port I/O systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and directories fonts-conf - 5 5 1648043558 0 A - - gz Font configuration files sfq - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-sfq - gz cfmakeraw - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate eatmydata - 1 1 1648123885 0 A - - gz transparently disable fsync() and other data-to-disk synchronization calls getrlimit getrlimit 2 modinfo - 8 8 1777552362 0 A - - gz Show information about a Linux Kernel module pam_localuser - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz require users to be listed in /etc/passwd dnsdomainname - 1 1 1648043879 0 B - - gz show the system's DNS domain name cpu_set CPU_SET 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets sg_map26 - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz map SCSI generic (sg) device to corresponding device names tcsetpgrp - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get and set terminal foreground process group pam.conf - 5 5 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM configuration files setkey - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz encrypt 64-bit messages strdupa - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz duplicate a string write 1 - 1 1 1709258941 981905554 A - - gz send a message to another user wmemcpy - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz copy an array of wide-characters grub-mkdevicemap - 8 8 1671398486 0 A - - gz make a device map file automatically setstate - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz random number generator lwp-dump - 1p 1 1643396234 0 A - - gz See what headers and content is returned for a URL remainder - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz floating-point remainder function svc_reg - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_svc_reg - gz red 1 - 1 1 1644750531 0 B - - gz line-oriented text editor fflush - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz flush a stream lspci - 8 8 1630291558 0 A - - gz list all PCI devices mq_getsetattr - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get/set message queue attributes projects - 5 5 1644381753 0 A - - gz persistent project root definition vmware-xferlogs - 1 1 1758643534 0 A - - gz dump vm-support output to vmx logfile git-pack-redundant - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Find redundant pack files dmmp_path_group_priority_get - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Retrieve path group priority. col1 - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9) findmnt - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz find a filesystem ldap.conf - 5 5 1707509527 0 A - - gz LDAP configuration file/environment variables pic - 1 1 1648043790 0 A - - gz compile pictures for troff or TeX dmmp_path_group_selector_get - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Retrieve path group selector. getrpcbynumber 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get RPC entry gethostid - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get or set the unique identifier of the current host git-request-pull - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Generates a summary of pending changes msgop - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz System V message queue operations arptables-save - 8 8 1705439670 0 C arptables-nft-save - gz mpathpersist - 8 8 1698790919 0 A - - gz Manages SCSI persistent reservations on dm multipath devices. crontab crontab 5 crontab 1 ffsl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz find first bit set in a word qsort_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz sort an array ebtables - 8 8 1705439670 0 C ebtables-nft - gz stailq_first STAILQ_FIRST 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked tail queue node - 1 1 1761047449 0 A - - gz server-side JavaScript runtime tdestroy - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz manage a binary search tree systemd-hwdb - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz hardware database management tool plymouth 1 - 1 1 1647600318 0 A - - gz Send commands to plymouthd evp_cipher-sm4 EVP_CIPHER-SM4 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The SM4 EVP_CIPHER implementations systemd.exec - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - t gz Execution environment configuration php7.4 - 1 1 1712873608 0 A - - gz PHP Command Line Interface 'CLI' phar8.2.phar - 1 1 1725009707 0 B - - gz PHAR (PHP archive) command line tool getpwent - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get password file entry crypt_checksalt - 3 3 1639781301 0 A - t gz validate a crypt setting string strace - 1 1 1645004241 0 A - t gz trace system calls and signals tsearch - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz manage a binary search tree user-runtime-dir@.service - 5 5 1773420461 0 B - - gz System units to start the user manager wait wait 3am wait 2 fcntl - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz manipulate file descriptor locale::recodedata::inis_cyrillic Locale::RecodeData::INIS_CYRILLIC 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for INIS_CYRILLIC zforce - 1 1 1662384839 0 A - - gz force a '.gz' extension on all gzip files cut - 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�;Falgoz � lXFopen�z < ��VFvsca { 4 c<�GdpkgD{ C openat2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz open and possibly create a file (extended) clnt_control clnt_control 3t clnt_control 3 locale::recodedata::ibm862 Locale::RecodeData::IBM862 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM862 yes - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz output a string repeatedly until killed fonts.conf - 5 5 1648043558 0 C fonts-conf - gz sensible-pager - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz sensible paging cgi::util CGI::Util 3pm 3 1644689710 0 A - - gz Internal utilities used by CGI module lvdisplay - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Display information about a logical volume lsns - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz list namespaces captoinfo - 1 1 1684262727 0 A - t gz convert a termcap description into a terminfo description dpkg-reconfigure - 8 8 1645368169 0 A - - gz reconfigure an already installed package tail - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz output the last part of files sha384sum - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz compute and check SHA384 message digest svcerr_noprog svcerr_noprog 3t svcerr_noprog 3 data::dump::trace Data::Dump::Trace 3pm 3 1632663384 0 A - - gz Helpers to trace function and method calls dl_iterate_phdr - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz walk through list of shared objects l64a - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz convert between long and base-64 tee 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz duplicating pipe content sched_getattr - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set and get scheduling policy and attributes iptables-xml - 1 1 1705439670 0 A - - gz Convert iptables-save format to XML fallocate fallocate 1 fallocate 2 pthread_cleanup_pop - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz push and pop thread cancellation clean-up handlers openssl-ecparam - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz EC parameter manipulation and generation codepage - 1 1 1671200073 0 A - - gz extract a codepage from an MSDOS codepage file pmap_rmtcall 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz mbsrtowcs - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a multibyte string to a wide-character string sgp_dd - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz copy data to and from files and devices, especially SCSI devices wcpncpy - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz copy a fixed-size string of wide characters, returning a pointer to its end epoll - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz I/O event notification facility nc_sperror - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C getnetconfig - gz sigreturn - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz return from signal handler and cleanup stack frame pthread_attr_getsigmask_np - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz set/get signal mask attribute in thread attributes object term 5 - 5 5 1684262727 0 A - - gz format of compiled term file. openssl/core.h - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 C openssl-core.h - gz algorithm::diffold Algorithm::DiffOld 3pm 3 1608233130 0 A - - gz Compute `intelligent' differences between two files / lists but use the old (<=0.59) interface. openssl-pkeyutl - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz public key algorithm command vscanf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz input format conversion dpkg-checkbuilddeps - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz check build dependencies and conflicts gmake - 1 1 1644939141 0 B - - gz GNU make utility to maintain groups of programs locale::recodedata::ebcdic_dk_no_a Locale::RecodeData::EBCDIC_DK_NO_A 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for EBCDIC_DK_NO_A net::http::nb Net::HTTP::NB 3pm 3 1642903995 0 A - - gz Non-blocking HTTP client mq_open 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz open a message queue namei - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz follow a pathname until a terminal point is found pmap_set 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz BPF-HELPERS 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 C bpf-helpers - gz sg_sat_set_features - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz use ATA SET FEATURES command via a SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT) layer rdma-link - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz rdma link configuration getpriority - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get/set program scheduling priority lto-dump-11 - 1 1 1766043084 0 B - - gz Tool for dumping LTO object files ecvt_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a floating-point number to a string pkey_mprotect - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set protection on a region of memory cpupower-frequency-info - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Utility to retrieve cpufreq kernel information pthread_attr_getdetachstate - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz set/get detach state attribute in thread attributes object a2ensite - 8 8 1777987607 0 A - - gz enable or disable an apache2 site / virtual host evp_mac-siphash EVP_MAC-Siphash 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The Siphash EVP_MAC implementation apt-config - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT Configuration Query program lsmod - 8 8 1777552362 0 A - - gz Show the status of modules in the Linux Kernel rpcb_set - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpcbind - gz dpkg::control Dpkg::Control 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz parse and manipulate official control-like information random random 7 random 4 random 3 pam_keyinit - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Kernel session keyring initialiser module git-am - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Apply a series of patches from a mailbox standards - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz C and UNIX Standards openssl-glossary - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz An OpenSSL Glossary xfs_bmap - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz print block mapping for an XFS file pvresize - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Resize physical volume(s) wctrans - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz wide-character translation mapping cmsg - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz access ancillary data systemd-binfmt - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Configure additional binary formats for executables at boot mbsnrtowcs - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a multibyte string to a wide-character string strnlen - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz determine the length of a fixed-size string tc-xt - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz tc iptables action ssize_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types getnetpath - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz get locale::recodedata::nats_dano Locale::RecodeData::NATS_DANO 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for NATS_DANO evp_kdf-kb EVP_KDF-KB 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The Key-Based EVP_KDF implementation eject - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz eject removable media set_thread_area - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz manipulate thread-local storage information getprotobyname_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get protocol entry (reentrant) clnt_spcreateerror 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_create - gz ca - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands getc_unlocked - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz nonlocking stdio functions create_module - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create a loadable module entry __ppc_yield - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz Hint the processor to release shared resources ipv6 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz Linux IPv6 protocol implementation strncat - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz concatenate two strings cabs - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz absolute value of a complex number endmntent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get filesystem descriptor file entry persistent-keyring - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz per-user persistent keyring json_pp - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz JSON::PP command utility locale::recodedata::ibm851 Locale::RecodeData::IBM851 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM851 tc-tunnel_key - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Tunnel metadata manipulation exit 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz cause normal process termination insb - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz port I/O rpc_broadcast - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_calls - gz �� � � � � 3�HLceiln� ] |��Osyst 9 ���OmodpM I ��Lip-n-� = ;��Obtrf� G �� Lpydou� : �W�Mx86_�� q '{Lapt-1� C S��Ltria� " ���Mcomp�� M V�Msyst�� " \ g�XNgetd� 2 �Lsetg|� D h�Mbe16̲ Z b��Naio_/ K ��Nrnan� . 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8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM module to remember last passwords diff3 - 1 1 1648043434 0 A - - gz compare three files line by line evp_keymgmt-x25519 EVP_KEYMGMT-X25519 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY X25519, X448, ED25519 and ED448 keytype and algorithm support ioctl_fat - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz manipulating the FAT filesystem iswblank - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz test for whitespace wide character dsp56k - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz DSP56001 interface device setsid setsid 1 setsid 2 atan2 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz arc tangent function of two variables git-update-server-info - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Update auxiliary info file to help dumb servers xdr_opaque - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation getwd 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get current working directory xfs_ncheck - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz generate pathnames from i-numbers for XFS locale::recodedata::cp1250 Locale::RecodeData::CP1250 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for CP1250 infobrowser - 1 1 1709258948 29972078 B - - gz read Info documents mkhomedir_helper - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Helper binary that creates home directories x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-dump-11 - 1 1 1766043084 0 A - - gz offline gcda and gcno profile dump tool initstate_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz reentrant random number generator strtoumax - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert string to integer cpu_or_s CPU_OR_S 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets pselect6 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz synchronous I/O multiplexing clnt_control 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls gnupg 7 - 7 7 1767651279 0 A - - gz The GNU Privacy Guard suite of programs setrpcent setrpcent 3t setrpcent 3 w - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz Show who is logged on and what they are doing. fsetxattr - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set an extended attribute value bzcmp - 1 1 1648028710 0 B - - gz compare bzip2 compressed files sysvipc - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz System V interprocess communication mechanisms prime - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands y1 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Bessel functions of the second kind epoll_wait - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz wait for an I/O event on an epoll file descriptor lshw - 1 1 1648138973 0 A - - gz list hardware deb-origin - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Vendor-specific information files evp_pkey-ed25519 EVP_PKEY-ED25519 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY X25519, X448, ED25519 and ED448 keytype and algorithm support gpg-check-pattern - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz Check a passphrase on stdin against the patternfile cloud-id - 1 1 1750799725 0 A - - gz Report the canonical cloud-id for this instance pam_unix - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Module for traditional password authentication svc_getreq_poll - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_svc_calls - gz html::formatmarkdown HTML::FormatMarkdown 3pm 3 1608316604 0 A - - gz Format HTML as Markdown munlockall - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz lock and unlock memory setcap - 8 8 1775747088 0 A - - gz set file capabilities llseek - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz reposition read/write file offset cgroup - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-cgroup - gz mq_notify mq_notify 3 mq_notify 2 e2scrub_all - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz check all mounted ext[234] file systems for errors. bzfgrep - 1 1 1648028710 0 B - - gz search possibly bzip2 compressed files for a regular expression ruserok_af - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz routines for returning a stream to a remote command git-reset - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Reset current HEAD to the specified state git-upload-pack - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Send objects packed back to git-fetch-pack asctime - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII offsetof - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz offset of a structure member tgammal - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz true gamma function semop - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz System V semaphore operations ceil - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz ceiling function: smallest integral value not less than argument stty stty 1 stty 2 klogctl klogctl 3 � � � o ��Hlown p D ����mq_o,� 1 b� IcronOp U W!�Hopen�p 1 ��yHgit-�p W �!IrintMq 5 ᯚIpcic�q < ����nameg� N & �Idevl�q 7 ����pmap�� $ ����BPF-� ' ����sg_s � c vHHstatr 6 ��Irpc_Vr ^ �\Ipid_�r = G sIpatcs = fwHgetpSs ; ����rdma�� 4 ���Ikbxu�s = ��4Hsysc�s 9 �,GIsinc#t A �:�Inamelt T �Iscsi�t M ����getpՂ @ ����ioct� ����lto-!� > �$�Igit-+u ; ����ecvtk� H ����pkey�� A +�Hsvc_xu �OjHfege�u K _�Iptx �u F �`HHreboFv t<+Hiso_`v a G+Isfb �v " ��Hgit-�v T ��HendnXw ) tHcsqr�w 0 ����cpup � K )a$Hrevo�w F ����pthrl� W ����a2en߄ M X�Isvc_x H ����evp_5� P ����apt-�� < ����lsmo܅ K ����rpcb-� $ ����dpkgZ� c ����randˆ �_Hlwp:mx Q ����comp�� ����pam_� F ����git-@� E ����exitG� = ����stan�� 1 u�Hloca�x ` ����openLJ 3 �MoIposiNy G ��SIfuti�y ����xfs_ � @ Ґ�Hread�y O ����insb�� % n�1Hpam_z L T��Hwdctgz : ��Iintr�z 2 �;�Isyst�z 4 د�Hnget.{ E �zoHtc-f~{ L �olIgets�{ : ��Ilati | a !H�Ijour�| @ cK�Isinl�| * p\ Ireso} x�Hxdr_%} N O��Hfnma|} 7 � Isyst�} H ���Hgets~ , ����pvreT� 6 �F�HhtmlL~ \ ����wctr�� ? �mHsetn�~ 9 ����cmsgڈ 2 ��Hgett�~ 4 ���Hnm 6 ; ����syst� X �7VHgit-t L ���Hlzgr � U ����mbsnx� R t�zHposi\� 9 ����strnՉ H �Hsyst�� C p��Hgit-� B ����tc-x%� / EIcasiV� - 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S?�Hreq q� < [T]Hlscp�� K _��Haddr� > rH�IbootQ� 2 ?N�Isvc_�� H �z�Isg_r�� = R[�Ialgo+� h ��Idelg�� C %+,Iupda�� J ,iHperfP� V )��Ienvs�� V �F�Hatof� 9 ����strn � 4 `XoIsos-R� \�Ilcon{� Q ����cabs\� ? ����endm�� A ����pers� 8 ����json6� 5 ����locas� V �ۻIfedi�� K eHdebc/� 5 ���Igit-x� D ��Iusb_�� J �[�Isyst � ? ���Hislof� ? ��Hnet:ۀ C EV\Hstat�� , $DIgmak � L ���HlocaR� # f ����tc-t � 9 � � T �xJmq_o,� 1 ���� ���� q�mJnameg� N ���� ���� ���� w2 Kpmap�� $ ���� ��qKBPF-� ' ��Jsg_s � c ��Krdma�� 4 4%yKgetpՂ @ ���� ���� ���� �� Jioct� �Klto-!� > ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ߀Jecvtk� H ���� �8�Jpkey�� A �Jcpup � K ���Kpthrl� W ���� ���Ja2en߄ M ���� ���� ���� ���� ��EKevp_5� P ���� ���� ���� ���� �ŋJapt-�� < [��Klsmo܅ K ���� ɶKrpcb-� $ �cYKdpkgZ� c `q�Krandˆ ���� D�Kcomp�� C�UKpam_� F ���� ���� ���� ��Kgit-@� E ���� ���� ��Jstan�� 1 ��KopenLJ 3 ���� ���� �a Kxfs_ � @ ���� ���� ���� ��KpvreT� 6 ���� rI�Jwctr�� ? ���� ���� 3v�Jcmsgڈ 2 ���� ���� ���� ۱Ksyst� X W�sKmbsnx� R ���� ���� ���� �ьKstrnՉ H ���Jtc-x%� / ��KssizZ� : ��Kgetn�� ! ���� ���� r'�KlocaȊ \ ���� ���� _� Jevp_B� M ��Jejec�� 2 >`Kset_ҋ H ���� ��$Kgetp*� ; ���Jclntv� , ���� ���� i��Kca �� < � �Kgetc�� 7 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �!�Kcrea<� ; ���� �I�K__pp�� K �8?Jipv6܍ ? ��Jstrn � 4 �iKcabs\� ? �wbJendm�� A ���� �(�Kpers� 8 o1_Jjson6� 5 壚Klocas� V � �Ktc-t � 9 �KexitG� = �0Jinsb�� % ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �.Krpc_�� + �4�Kcirc � _ �;�Kendgs� 1 n`UKxfs_�� D ��zKpam_�� P p �KdevlT� B ~}�Jopen�� 7 �ѹJsock�� 3 �OKsetr � G �:mKwcspp� _ TFsJbase�� L �x�Ksdif*� C A��Jdevls� ) :^�Jx86_�� Q �ķJgetd� 2 ���� ���� ���� ���� n�KuserK� b QxKbadb�� ; ���� ���� ��Kmpoo�� 6 ?�zKgend4� < ��Kgetsw� . ��[Jexec�� + ���� �YKterm� 9 �,lJenc2'� ; �ÛJmpati� ; P�7Kimax�� E /��Jlwpc � - ��K__afB� 7 ���� ���� M�\Jsem_�� - ���� ���� ���� �Kpts � < circleq_insert_tail CIRCLEQ_INSERT_TAIL 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue endgrent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get group file entry xfs_io - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz debug the I/O path of an XFS filesystem pam_systemd - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Register user sessions in the systemd login manager devlink-health - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz devlink health reporting and recovery openpty - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz terminal utility functions socket 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz Linux socket interface setreuid - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set real and/or effective user or group ID wcspbrk - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz search a wide-character string for any of a set of wide characters basenc - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz Encode/decode data and print to standard output sdiff - 1 1 1648043434 0 A - - gz side-by-side merge of file differences devlink - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Devlink tool x86_64-linux-gnu-strings - 1 1 1764774481 0 B - - gz print the sequences of printable characters in files getdents64 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get directory entries users - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz print the user names of users currently logged in to the current host badblocks - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz search a device for bad blocks mpool - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz shared memory buffer pool gendsa - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands getservbyname - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get service entry execvpe - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz execute a file termcap - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz terminal capability database enc2xs - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz - Perl Encode Module Generator mpath_persistent_reserve_in - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz send PRIN command to DM device imaxabs - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz compute the absolute value of an integer lwpcook - 3pm 3 1643396234 0 C libwww::lwpcook - gz __after_morecore_hook - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz malloc debugging variables sem_wait - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz lock a semaphore pts - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz pseudoterminal master and slave systemd-veritysetup - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Disk verity protection logic modprobe - 8 8 1777552362 0 A - - gz Add and remove modules from the Linux Kernel btrfs-balance - 8 8 1645724395 0 A - - gz balance block groups on a btrfs filesystem getdents - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get directory entries aio_error - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get error status of asynchronous I/O operation rnano - 1 1 1728567570 0 A - - gz a restricted nano nsupdate - 1 1 1774366276 0 A - - gz dynamic DNS update utility system - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz execute a shell command perlivp - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz Perl Installation Verification Procedure setuid32 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set user identity get_current_dir_name 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get current working directory sbvarsign - 1 1 1636133544 0 A - - gz UEFI authenticated variable signing tool pkeys - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz overview of Memory Protection Keys unix_chkpwd - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Helper binary that verifies the password of the current user dmmp_context_timeout_get - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Get IPC timeout. arptables-restore - 8 8 1705439670 0 C arptables-nft-restore - gz wcsnrtombs - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a wide-character string to a multibyte string remap_file_pages - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create a nonlinear file mapping timer_create - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create a POSIX per-process timer zsoelim - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz satisfy .so requests in roff input openssl-s_client - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz SSL/TLS client program ntfsundelete - 8 8 1776448468 0 A - t gz recover a deleted file from an NTFS volume. authen::sasl::perl Authen::SASL::Perl 3pm 3 1608318586 0 A - - gz - Perl implementation of the SASL Authentication framework rpc_svc_create - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz library routines for the creation of server handles vim - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor keyctl - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz manipulate the kernel's key management facility FD_ZERO 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 C pselect - gz evp_kdf-pbkdf2 EVP_KDF-PBKDF2 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The PBKDF2 EVP_KDF implementation git-rebase - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Reapply commits on top of another base tip x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ranlib-11 - 1 1 1766043084 0 A - - gz a wrapper around ranlib adding the --plugin option evp_kdf-pkcs12kdf EVP_KDF-PKCS12KDF 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The PKCS#12 EVP_KDF implementation rm - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz remove files or directories aiocb - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types isinff - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz BSD floating-point classification functions makedev - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz manage a device number __realloc_hook - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz malloc debugging variables lstat64 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get file status rsync-ssl - 1 1 1737021320 0 A - - gz a helper script for connecting to an ssl rsync daemon eqn - 1 1 1648043790 0 A - t gz format equations for troff or MathML evp_mac-kmac EVP_MAC-KMAC 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The KMAC EVP_MAC implementations unzstd - 1 1 1648138558 0 A - - gz zstd, zstdmt, unzstd, zstdcat - Compress or decompress .zst files addr2line - 1 1 1764774481 0 A - - gz convert addresses into file names and line numbers systemd-udevd-kernel.socket - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Device event managing daemon socket 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - t gz create an endpoint for communication sendfile64 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz transfer data between file descriptors fork 3am - 3am 3 1692267876 0 A - - gz basic process management rename - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz change the name or location of a file rewind - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz reposition a stream strerror_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz return string describing error number git-mergetool - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Run merge conflict resolution tools to resolve merge conflicts dhcp-eval - 5 5 1675202080 0 A - - gz ISC DHCP conditional evaluation pivot_root pivot_root 8 pivot_root 2 ioctl_ficlonerange - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz share some the data of one file with another file svcerr_weakauth 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz nanf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz return 'Not a Number' locale::recodedata::ibm437 Locale::RecodeData::IBM437 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM437 locale::recodedata::mac_uk Locale::RecodeData::MAC_UK 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for MAC-UK www::robotrules WWW::RobotRules 3pm 3 1523725669 0 A - - gz database of robots.txt-derived permissions iso_8859-1 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz ISO 8859-1 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal pthread_testcancel - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz request delivery of any pending cancellation request wait 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz wait for process to change state strsignal - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz return string describing signal profil 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz execution time profile �� � � � L � f v[Msemo.� : ����mq_o,� 1 ����cronOp U ��Lip-n-� = ����git-�p W �� Lpydou� : �W�Mx86_�� q '{Lapt-1� C S��Ltria� " ���Mcomp�� M V�Msyst�� " \ ����sg_s � c �Lsetg|� D h�Mbe16̲ Z ����pid_�r = ����patcs = J.Lssh-.� � !��Lgit-� D ����kbxu�s = A�aMpthr@� L ����sinc#t A ����namelt T �[Lacpi�� T �VMdebi�� N ����ioct� ����lto-!� > ����git-+u ; ����ecvtk� H ����pkey�� A oҜMsg_pY� K % �Mscan�� 5 ��"Msvce� $ �a�Lepol"� : ��+Ltimej� D ^'�Lsln �� 2 �wLucf.� A �v�Mpthr>� > ����csqr�w 0 ^)�Larpt�� A uX�Msvc_� H j�Mdevl7� 4 40ELtmpfx� n " �Malar� H ����evp_5� P ����apt-�� < �)kMgrub?� > �?�Lbzip�� C ! 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E�aOhistKA 8 �IOmysq�A U �A Nenda�A 0 �#VNfano(B [ Sf�Nkeyr�B L ��|Obtre�B 9 ���Ngit-%C Q ���� �> Oliba�C 8 ���� �9Ocatm�C L �6�Omkfs D A =�NsshdiD + ʶ�Ox86_�D B '�Nttys�D V NrestTE V ���� ���� ��Orpc_�E P �^cNtermF B �}2NifcocF : ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �0 Ocopy�F 2 ���� ���� 㱑Nseth�F 3 ���� ���� ���� ���� .�NComp G L ���� ���� ��9NprocvG o ���� ���Ocapa�G ; h��Osg_v;H L S�+Otime�H : ���Ngetc�H _ ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��Nmail9I > 6-"Nbyob�I y ���OclntJ H ���NargzeJ = w(/Nmq_s�J = ��Nsvc_�J H l�CNwmemLK \ �j�Nhost�K < ���Ntic �K D �+OOvisu?L 2 B*DOqueuxL G �Neven�L L ���� hexdump - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - t gz display file contents in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ascii locale::recodedata::ibm871 Locale::RecodeData::IBM871 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM871 dbus-daemon - 1 1 1666703707 0 A - - gz Message bus daemon clear_console - 1 1 1710415907 0 A - - gz clear the console history - 3readline 3 1641486414 0 A - - gz GNU History Library mysqlreport - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - - gz Makes a friendly report of important MySQL status values endaliasent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz read an alias entry fanotify_mark - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz add, remove, or modify an fanotify mark on a filesystem object keyrings - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz in-kernel key management and retention facility btree - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz btree database access method git-index-pack - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Build pack index file for an existing packed archive libaudit.conf - 5 5 1647539440 0 A - - gz libaudit configuration file catman - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz create or update the pre-formatted manual pages mkfs.ext2 - 8 8 1654125315 0 B - - gz create an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system sshd 8 - 8 8 1777336690 0 A - - gz OpenSSH daemon x86_64-linux-gnu-objdump - 1 1 1764774481 0 B - - gz display information from object files ttyslot - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz find the slot of the current user's terminal in some file restart_syscall - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz restart a system call after interruption by a stop signal rpc_gss_getcred - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "Get authorization information for an RPC request" term 7 - 7 7 1684262727 0 A - - gz conventions for naming terminal types ifconfig - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz configure a network interface copysignl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz copy sign of a number sethostent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get network host entry Compose 5 - 5 5 1696274038 0 A - - gz X client mappings for multi-key input sequences proc::killall Proc::Killall 3pm 3 1644150698 0 A - - gz Kill all instances of a process by pattern matching the command-line capabilities - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz overview of Linux capabilities sg_verify - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz invoke SCSI VERIFY command(s) on a block device timeval - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types getcpu - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz determine CPU and NUMA node on which the calling thread is running mail::util Mail::Util 3pm 3 1564024416 0 A - - gz mail utility functions byobu-silent - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz Silence all of Byobu's status indicators, eliminate the hardstatus line, and the window list clnt_spcreateerror 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls argz_next - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz functions to handle an argz list mq_setattr - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get/set message queue attributes svc_sendreply 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls wmemset - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz fill an array of wide-characters with a constant wide character hostname 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz hostname resolution description tic - 1 1 1684262727 0 A - - gz the terminfo entry-description compiler visudo - 8 8 1772456886 0 A - - gz edit the sudoers file queue 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz implementations of linked lists and queues eventfd_read - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz create a file descriptor for event notification scriptreplay - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz play back typescripts, using timing information setresuid - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set real, effective and saved user or group ID va_list - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types dmmp_path_array_get - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Retrieve path pointer array. pam_debug - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM module to debug the PAM stack cexpl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex exponential function res_ninit - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz resolver routines byobu-layout - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz Save and restore byobu-tmux layouts crl - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands tcgetsid - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get session ID c++filt - 1 1 1764774481 0 A - - gz demangle C++ and Java symbols sudo_logsrv.proto - 5 5 1772456886 0 A - - gz Sudo log server protocol munmap 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz map or unmap files or devices into memory x86_64-linux-gnu-g++ - 1 1 1628148971 0 B - - gz GNU project C and C++ compiler pthread_attr_getschedpolicy - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz set/get scheduling policy attribute in thread attributes object python - 1 1 1772538992 0 C python3.10 - gz ioctl_console ioctl_console 2 kernel-install - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Add and remove kernel and initramfs images to and from /boot x509 7ssl - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz X.509 certificate handling openssl-engine - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz load and query engines html::filter HTML::Filter 3pm 3 1644150616 0 A - - gz Filter HTML text through the parser x86_64-linux-gnu-g++-11 - 1 1 1766043084 0 A - - gz GNU project C and C++ compiler authunix_create_default 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz hosts.allow - 5 5 1648201940 0 B - - gz format of host access control files sos-report - 1 1 1696390514 0 A - - gz tdelete - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz manage a binary search tree fincore - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz count pages of file contents in core systemd-machine-id-setup - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz Initialize the machine ID in /etc/machine-id locale::recodedata::macukraine Locale::RecodeData::MACUKRAINE 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for MACUKRAINE deb-symbols - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian's extended shared library information file xdg-user-dirs-update - 1 1 1648202040 0 A - - gz Update XDG user dir configuration ip-link - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz network device configuration hpsa - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz HP Smart Array SCSI driver hd 4 - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz MFM/IDE hard disk devices cabsf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz absolute value of a complex number freehostent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get network hostnames and addresses grub-macbless - 8 8 1671398486 0 A - - gz bless a mac file/directory sg_copy_results - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI RECEIVE COPY RESULTS command (XCOPY related) __fpurge - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz purge a stream locale::recodedata::ibm891 Locale::RecodeData::IBM891 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM891 systemd-networkd-wait-online.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Wait for network to come online fcntl64 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz manipulate file descriptor stailq_foreach STAILQ_FOREACH 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked tail queue insl - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz port I/O sg_inq - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz issue SCSI INQUIRY command and/or decode its response getprotoent - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get protocol entry isunordered - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point relational tests without exception for NaN tcsetattr - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate passwd 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz the password file glib-compile-schemas - 1 1 1769623074 0 A - - gz GSettings schema compiler openssl-srp - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz maintain SRP password file openssl-rehash - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz Create symbolic links to files named by the hash values cimag - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get imaginary part of a complex number posixoptions - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz optional parts of the POSIX standard ownership - 8 8 1661298767 0 A - - gz Compaq ownership tag retriever isascii - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz character classification functions towupper_l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert a wide character to uppercase GnuPG 7 - 7 7 1767651279 0 C gnupg - gz iso_8859_5 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-5 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal modules.dep - 5 5 1777552362 0 A - - gz Module dependency information shuf - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz generate random permutations sys_siglist - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz return string describing signal execveat - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz execute program relative to a directory file descriptor cksum - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz checksum and count the bytes in a file des_setparity des_setparity 3t des_setparity 3 update-passwd - 8 8 1648028560 0 A - - gz safely update /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow and /etc/group dirname 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz parse pathname components __memalign_hook - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz malloc debugging variables ether_aton - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz Ethernet address manipulation routines acpi_listen - 8 8 1643104815 0 A - - gz ACPI event listener personality - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set the process execution domain fsf-funding - 7gcc 7 1322141199 0 A - - gz Funding Free Software cmsg_align CMSG_ALIGN 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz access ancillary data get_myaddress get_myaddress 3t get_myaddress 3 sudo_root - 8 8 1772456886 0 A - - gz How to run administrative commands ftok - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a pathname and a project identifier to a System V IPC key udev - 7 7 1773420461 0 A - - gz Dynamic device management systemd-user.conf - 5 5 1773420461 0 B - t gz System and session service manager configuration files cmsg_space CMSG_SPACE 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz access ancillary data sginfo - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz access mode page information for a SCSI (or ATAPI) device cpp-11 - 1 1 1766043084 0 B - - gz The C Preprocessor setrlimit setrlimit 3 setrlimit 2 calloc - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz allocate and free dynamic memory pedit - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-pedit - gz hypotf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Euclidean distance function sbsign - 1 1 1636133544 0 A - - gz UEFI secure boot signing tool pathconf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get configuration values for files crypt_preferred_method - 3 3 1639781301 0 A - t gz get the prefix of the preferred hash method idle - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz make process 0 idle vsyslog - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz send messages to the system logger splain - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz produce verbose warning diagnostics systemd-fsck@.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz File system checker logic stailq_concat STAILQ_CONCAT 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a singly linked tail queue tc-basic - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz basic traffic control filter iptables-nft-save - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz iptables using nftables kernel api xkeyboard-config - 7 7 1629278783 0 A - t gz XKB data description files fgetgrent - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get group file entry endnetent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get network entry strfry - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz randomize a string xdr_reference - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation http::message HTTP::Message 3pm 3 1641439263 0 A - - gz HTTP style message (base class) cpupower-info - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Shows processor power related kernel or hardware configurations byobu-janitor - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz script for cleaning and upgrading environment after upgrades provider-decoder - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The OSSL_DECODER library <-> provider functions cprojl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz project into Riemann Sphere system.conf.d - 5 5 1773420461 0 B - - gz System and session service manager configuration files statfs64 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get filesystem statistics stty 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz unimplemented system calls stty 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz change and print terminal line settings srand48 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers git-diff-index - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Compare a tree to the working tree or index openssl-pkeyparam - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz public key algorithm parameter processing command link link 1 link 2 swapcontext - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz manipulate user context Dpkg 3perl - 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz module with core variables hd 1 - 1 1 1772813404 0 B - t gz display file contents in hexadecimal, decimal, octal, or ascii getpw - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz reconstruct password line entry authnone_create 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_auth - gz opterr - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Parse command-line options sg_dd - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz copy data to and from files and devices, especially SCSI devices evp_md-keccak-kmac EVP_MD-KECCAK-KMAC 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz The SHAKE / KECCAK family EVP_MD implementations tailq_concat TAILQ_CONCAT 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked tail queue __fpending - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz interfaces to stdio FILE structure argz_replace - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz functions to handle an argz list dpkg-genbuildinfo - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz generate Debian .buildinfo files remque - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz insert/remove an item from a queue pkeyutl - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands trunc - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz round to integer, toward zero ul - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz do underlining assert - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz abort the program if assertion is false ddp - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz Linux AppleTalk protocol implementation tc-nat - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz stateless native address translation action unmkinitramfs - 8 8 1690278884 0 A - - gz extract content from an initramfs image php-parse - 1 1 1646348071 0 A - - gz command line interface for PHP Parser vgcfgbackup - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Backup volume group configuration(s) evp_signature-poly1305 EVP_SIGNATURE-Poly1305 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz The legacy EVP_PKEY MAC signature implementations getgrnam - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get group file entry git-fetch - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Download objects and refs from another repository see - 1 1 1639178040 0 B - - gz execute programs via entries in the mailcap file bzero - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz zero a byte string flock flock 1 flock 2 pthread_mutex_consistent_np - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz make a robust mutex consistent e2undo - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz Replay an undo log for an ext2/ext3/ext4 file system xtables-translate - 8 8 1705439670 0 A - - gz translation tool to migrate from iptables to nftables os-release - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Operating system identification mq_timedsend mq_timedsend 3 mq_timedsend 2 iso-8859-5 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - t gz ISO 8859-5 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal waitpid waitpid 3am waitpid 2 iruserok - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz routines for returning a stream to a remote command xdr_pmap xdr_pmap 3t xdr_pmap 3 __ppc_set_ppr_med_high - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Set the Program Priority Register asn1parse - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands sg_modes - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz reads mode pages with SCSI MODE SENSE command ldiv_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types devlink-monitor - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz state monitoring dbopen - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz database access methods pthread_attr_getstacksize - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz set/get stack size attribute in thread attributes object assert_perror - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz test errnum and abort xprt_register 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz epoll_create - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz open an epoll file descriptor lzcmp - 1 1 1709258945 973949465 B - - gz compare compressed files strspn - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get length of a prefix substring uint64_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types openssl-kdf - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz perform Key Derivation Function operations clnt_dg_create - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_create - gz turbostat - 8 8 1775945558 0 A - - gz Report processor frequency and idle statistics algorithm::merge Algorithm::Merge 3pm 3 1448147509 0 A - - gz Three-way merge and diff dmmp_context_log_priority_get - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Get log priority. mq_send mq_send 3 " ? ccosh - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz complex hyperbolic cosine time::zone Time::Zone 3pm 3 1613403725 0 A - - gz - miscellaneous timezone manipulations routines git-web--browse - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Git helper script to launch a web browser wall - 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8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz System shutdown logic wcstombs - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a wide-character string to a multibyte string net::https Net::HTTPS 3pm 3 1642903995 0 A - - gz Low-level HTTP over SSL/TLS connection (client) xfs_fsr - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz filesystem reorganizer for XFS lseek64 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz reposition 64-bit read/write file offset process-keyring - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz per-process shared keyring getprotobynumber - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get protocol entry y0l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Bessel functions of the second kind getgrgid_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get group file entry io::socket::ssl IO::Socket::SSL 3pm 3 1642100533 0 A - - gz SSL sockets with IO::Socket interface tcflow - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate timespec - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types openssl-x509 - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz Certificate display and signing command gitnamespaces - 7 7 1772135393 0 A - - gz Git namespaces git-rev-list - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Lists commit objects in reverse chronological order iso_8859-13 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz ISO 8859-13 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal manconv - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz convert manual page from one encoding to another getutent - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz access utmp file entries iswalnum - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz test for alphanumeric wide character gpgconf - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz Modify .gnupg home directories Error 3pm - 3pm 3 1580487331 0 A - - gz Error/exception handling in an OO-ish way size_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types fwprintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz formatted wide-character output conversion gcc-ar-11 - 1 1 1766043084 0 B - - gz a wrapper around ar adding the --plugin option gitrevisions - 7 7 1772135393 0 A - - gz Specifying revisions and ranges for Git cmsg_len CMSG_LEN 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz access ancillary data ptsname - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get the name of the slave pseudoterminal bindresvport_sa - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C bindresvport - gz hdparm - 8 8 1648043858 0 A - - gz get/set SATA/IDE device parameters systemd-journald.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Journal service tc-taprio - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Time Aware Priority Shaper pam_xauth - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM module to forward xauth keys between users systemd-ask-password-console.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Query the user for system passwords on the console and via wall byobu-tmux - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz Launch byobu with tmux as the backend yn - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Bessel functions of the second kind setfsgid32 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set group identity used for filesystem checks scsi_temperature - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz fetch the temperature of a SCSI device byobu-ugraph - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz helper script for notification history graphs core - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz core dump file endspent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get shadow password file entry git-format-patch - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Prepare patches for e-mail submission tc-fq - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Fair Queue traffic policing scalblnf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz multiply floating-point number by integral power of radix dcb-dcbx - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz show / manipulate port DCBX (Data Center Bridging eXchange) vlimit - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get/set resource limits html::assubs HTML::AsSubs 3pm 3 1547397186 0 A - - gz functions that construct a HTML syntax tree bstring - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz byte string operations setservent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get service entry rmt - 8 8 1709258876 477184149 A - - gz remote magnetic tape server uselocale - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz set/get the locale for the calling thread fsck.btrfs - 8 8 1645724395 0 A - - gz do nothing, successfully xfs_mdrestore - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz restores an XFS metadump image to a filesystem image sg_ses_microcode - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - 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3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz interfaces to stdio FILE structure FD_SET 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 C pselect - gz ctrlaltdel - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz set the function of the Ctrl-Alt-Del combination xtables-monitor - 8 8 1705439670 0 A - - gz show changes to rule set and trace-events rt_tgsigqueueinfo - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz queue a signal and data fold - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz wrap each input line to fit in specified width regerror - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz POSIX regex functions reboot 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz reboot or enable/disable Ctrl-Alt-Del sethostid - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get or set the unique identifier of the current host locale::gettext Locale::gettext 3pm 3 1644150648 0 A - - gz message handling functions netplan-ip - 8 8 1719594733 0 A - - gz retrieve IP information (like DHCP leases) from the system ulimit 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get and set user limits sg_timestamp - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz report or set timestamp on SCSI device select-editor - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz select your default sensible-editor from all installed editors gcc-ar - 1 1 1628148971 0 B - - gz a wrapper around ar adding the --plugin option re_comp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz BSD regex functions systemd-sysctl.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Configure kernel parameters at boot prlimit 1 - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz get and set process resource limits readlink 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz read value of a symbolic link ether_aton_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Ethernet address manipulation routines open_memstream - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz open a dynamic memory buffer stream getdate - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a date-plus-time string to broken-down time packet - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz packet interface on device level locale::recodedata::hp_roman8 Locale::RecodeData::HP_ROMAN8 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for HP_ROMAN8 pututxline - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz access utmp file entries setpwent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get password file entry perf-buildid-cache - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Manage build-id cache. link 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz call the link function to create a link to a file pselect 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz synchronous I/O multiplexing mbrlen - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz determine number of bytes in next multibyte character execlp - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz execute a file evp_mac-cmac EVP_MAC-CMAC 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The CMAC EVP_MAC implementation pthread_attr_destroy - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz initialize and destroy thread attributes object catclose - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz open/close a message catalog capablity.conf - 5 5 1775747088 0 C capability.conf - gz uri::url URI::URL 3pm 3 1635280325 0 A - - gz Uniform Resource Locators deb-shlibs - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian shared library information file sg_read - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz read multiple blocks of data, optionally with SCSI READ commands view - 1 1 1709258889 485327544 B - - gz Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor cimagf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get imaginary part of a complex number resolved.conf.d - 5 5 1773420461 0 B - - gz Network Name Resolution configuration files passwd 1ssl - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands rmdir 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz delete a directory git-pack-objects - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Create a packed archive of objects x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov - 1 1 1628148971 0 B - - gz coverage testing tool ip 8 - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz show / manipulate routing, network devices, interfaces and tunnels systemd.resource-control - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - t gz Resource control unit settings � �_ � / ѡ � � R\swap � 4 ��\Dpkg@� ; �i]hd 1�� [ ��^getp� < ݪ�^auth(� * 1�r^fips�� 9 �(;^sg_d�� ] C\evp_� a ��]tailz� T ��\__fpۂ ? u{\argz%� = 6�_dpkgo� = 0�_remq�� ? 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H ��Zpass�! < ���� ���� <"[getr �[Zrmdi6" / �@�[git-m" ? ���� ���Zx86_�" 2 ���� ���� ���� �[ip 8# _ ��a[systi# ; +��Zsem_ � < M3�ZbyteE� O ���� "��Zgeta�� 0 -E�Zntp_܀ . j�Zrand� L ���[lastm� C h�^Zgits�� C Q�[prts� : k�Z[git-I� H �0X[loca�� % j v�Za2en-� @ �# Zxzegu� M sem_init - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz initialize an unnamed semaphore byteorder - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz convert values between host and network byte order getaliasent_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz read an alias entry ntp_adjtime 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz tune kernel clock random 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz overview of interfaces for obtaining randomness lastb - 1 1 1772813404 0 B - t gz show a listing of last logged in users gitsubmodules - 7 7 1772135393 0 A - - gz Mounting one repository inside another prtstat - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz print statistics of a process git-annotate - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Annotate file lines with commit information locale::recodedata::georgian_academy Locale::RecodeData::GEORGIAN_ACADEMY 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for GEORGIAN-ACADEMY a2enmod - 8 8 1777987607 0 A - - gz enable or disable an apache2 module xzegrep - 1 1 1649422298 0 B - - gz search compressed files for a regular expression ufw - 8 8 1689602125 0 A - - gz program for managing a netfilter firewall clnt_perrno 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls ldexp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz multiply floating-point number by integral power of 2 res_nclose - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz resolver routines nice 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz run a program with modified scheduling priority provider-digest - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The digest library <-> provider functions loginctl - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz Control the systemd login manager btrfs-receive - 8 8 1645724395 0 A - - gz receive subvolumes from send stream execvp - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz execute a file getlogin_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get username renameat2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz change the name or location of a file config - 5ssl 5 1775563556 0 A - - gz OpenSSL CONF library configuration files perl5.34-x86_64-linux-gnu - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz The Perl 5 language interpreter ntfsclone - 8 8 1776448468 0 A - - gz Efficiently clone, image, restore or rescue an NTFS ip6tables - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz administration tool for IPv4/IPv6 packet filtering and NAT zdump - 8 8 1623352727 0 A - - gz timezone dumper RAND 7ssl - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz the OpenSSL random generator pthread_mutexattr_getpshared - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz get/set process-shared mutex attribute ecvt - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a floating-point number to a string ntohl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert values between host and network byte order rtacct - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz network statistics tools. vprintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz formatted output conversion evp_md-md4 EVP_MD-MD4 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The MD4 EVP_MD implementation git-show-ref - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz List references in a local repository bio - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz Basic I/O abstraction nearbyintl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz round to nearest integer dpkg::control::hashcore Dpkg::Control::HashCore 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz parse and manipulate a block of RFC822-like fields unicode_start - 1 1 1671200073 0 A - - gz put keyboard and console in unicode mode svc_vc_create - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_svc_create - gz systemd-mkswap@.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Creating and growing file systems on demand perf-kmem - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Tool to trace/measure kernel memory properties ip-rule - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz routing policy database management cpu_count CPU_COUNT 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets dpkg::exit Dpkg::Exit 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz program exit handlers git-show - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Show various types of objects fmtmsg - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz print formatted error messages setsockopt - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get and set options on sockets gettid - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get thread identification error 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz glibc error reporting functions ubuntu-distro-info - 1 1 1701173912 0 A - - gz provides information about Ubuntu's distributions vimdiff - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz edit between two and eight versions of a file with Vim and show differences acoshf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz inverse hyperbolic cosine function sys_nerr - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz print a system error message iptables-legacy - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api pthread_attr_setstackaddr - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz set/get stack address attribute in thread attributes object ntfsls - 8 8 1776448468 0 A - - gz list directory contents on an NTFS filesystem lzdiff - 1 1 1709258945 973949465 B - - gz compare compressed files sos-clean - 1 1 1696390514 0 A - - gz dladdr1 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz translate address to symbolic information cfgetispeed - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate xzgrep - 1 1 1649422298 0 A - - gz search compressed files for a regular expression outb_p - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz port I/O gid_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types getutmp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz copy utmp structure to utmpx, and vice versa setsid 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz creates a session and sets the process group ID fips_module - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz OpenSSL fips module guide callrpc 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls ed448 Ed448 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY Ed25519 and Ed448 support clog2f - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz base-2 logarithm of a complex number sigevent - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz structure for notification from asynchronous routines circleq - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue algorithm::diff::xs Algorithm::Diff::XS 3pm 3 1644150503 0 A - - gz Algorithm::Diff with XS core loop openssl-crl2pkcs7 - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz Create a PKCS#7 structure from a CRL and certificates byobu-screen - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz Launch byobu with screen as the backend jrand48_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers reentrantly llroundf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz round to nearest integer pidwait - 1 1 1698752164 0 B - - gz look up, signal, or wait for processes based on name and other attributes regmatch_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types gpic - 1 1 1648043790 0 B - - gz compile pictures for troff or TeX cosh - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz hyperbolic cosine function login 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz write utmp and wtmp entries login.defs - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz shadow password suite configuration pthread_sigmask - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz examine and change mask of blocked signals locale::recodedata::nats_sefi Locale::RecodeData::NATS_SEFI 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for NATS_SEFI git-rerere - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges evp_md-blake2 EVP_MD-BLAKE2 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The BLAKE2 EVP_MD implementation rexec - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz return stream to a remote command col5 - 1 1 1581948710 0 B - - gz awk and print a column (based on the name of the program, 1-9) xcrypt - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz RFS password encryption semget - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get a System V semaphore set identifier units - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz decimal and binary prefixes cache_dump - 8 8 1647606993 0 A - - gz dump cache metadata from device or file to standard output. fgetws_unlocked - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz nonlocking stdio functions telinit - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Change SysV runlevel terminal-colors.d - 5 5 1772813404 0 A - t gz configure output colorization for various utilities shmdt - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz System V shared memory operations strlen - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz calculate the length of a string lvm.conf - 5 5 1645031182 0 A - - gz Configuration file for LVM2 envz_merge - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz environment string support umount 8 - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz unmount filesystems tc-flow - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz flow based traffic control filter tc-sfb - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Stochastic Fair Blue c89-gcc - 1 1 1605639187 0 A - - gz ANSI (1989) C compiler svc_getreqset svc_getreqset 3t svc_getreqset 3 iscsistart - 8 8 1642592292 0 A - - gz iSCSI boot tool getpcaps - 8 8 1775747088 0 A - - gz display process capabilities pam_succeed_if - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz test account characteristics dhclient.leases - 5 5 1675202080 0 A - - gz DHCP client lease database tc-csum - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz checksum update action getmntent - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get filesystem descriptor file entry scriptlive - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz re-run session typescripts, using timing information svc_run 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz getaliasbyname - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz read an alias entry error Error 3pm error 3 locale::recodedata::ibm424 Locale::RecodeData::IBM424 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM424 getkeycodes - 8 8 1671200073 0 A - - gz print kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table ngettext ngettext 1 ngettext 3 expiry - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz check and enforce password expiration policy numa - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz overview of Non-Uniform Memory Architecture be32toh - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert values between host and big-/little-endian byte order x86_64-linux-gnu-addr2line - 1 1 1764774481 0 B - - gz convert addresses into file names and line numbers getgrent - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get group file entry fremovexattr - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz remove an extended attribute evp_mac-hmac EVP_MAC-HMAC 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The HMAC EVP_MAC implementation strfromf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert a floating-point value into a string wcsstr - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz locate a substring in a wide-character string perf-mem - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Profile memory accesses lspgpot - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz extracts the ownertrust values from PGP keyrings and list them in GnuPG ownertrust format. clone 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - t gz create a child process git-verify-pack - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Validate packed Git archive files elf - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz format of Executable and Linking Format (ELF) files systemd-veritysetup@.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Disk verity protection logic php-cgi - 1 1 1770998325 0 C php8.3 - gz cfdisk - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz display or manipulate a disk partition table openssl-cmp - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz Certificate Management Protocol (CMP, RFC 4210) application xtables-legacy-multi - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api byobu-export - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz DEPRECATED nanosleep - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz high-resolution sleep sigsetops - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz POSIX signal set operations ossl_provider-legacy OSSL_PROVIDER-legacy 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz OpenSSL legacy provider bpftool-feature - 8 8 1775945558 0 A - - gz tool for inspection of eBPF-related parameters for Linux kernel or net device sg_rtpg - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI REPORT TARGET PORT GROUPS command sigrelse - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz System V signal API bzmore - 1 1 1648028710 0 A - - gz file perusal filter for crt viewing of bzip2 compressed text dpkg::source::format Dpkg::Source::Format 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz manipulate debian/source/format files vmstat - 8 8 1698752164 0 A - - gz Report virtual memory statistics pysetup3.10 - 1 1 1385208588 0 A - - gz pysetup tool uname uname 1 uname 2 groff - 1 1 1648043790 0 A - - gz front-end for the groff document formatting system clearenv - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz clear the environment atan2l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz arc tangent function of two variables sigdelset - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz POSIX signal set operations vgremove - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Remove volume group(s) iswupper - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz test for uppercase wide character scsi_stop - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz stop (spin down) one or more SCSI disks gunzip - 1 1 1662384839 0 B - - gz compress or expand files gittutorial-2 - 7 7 1772135393 0 A - - gz A tutorial introduction to Git: part two key_decryptsession - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz interfaces to rpc keyserver daemon malloc_info - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz export malloc state to a stream futex 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz fast user-space locking whiptail - 1 1 1647545458 0 A - - gz display dialog boxes from shell scripts nextdown - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz return next floating-point number toward positive/negative infinity grpunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz convert to and from shadow passwords and groups make-bcache - 8 8 1648028575 0 A - - gz create a cache device setenv - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz change or add an environment variable euidaccess - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz check effective user's permissions for a file x86_64-linux-gnu-ld.gold - 1 1 1764774481 0 B - - gz The GNU ELF linker setup - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz setup devices and filesystems, mount root filesystem imaxdiv_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types xdg-user-dir - 1 1 1648202040 0 A - - gz Find an XDG user dir kmodsign - 1 1 1636133544 0 A - - gz Kernel module signing tool sensible-editor - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz sensible editing rpc_gss_get_mech_info - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "Get Quality of Protection information for a security mechanism" ip-tunnel - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz tunnel configuration dup2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz duplicate a file descriptor isnormal - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point classification macros nextupf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz return next floating-point number toward positive/negative infinity evp_cipher-des EVP_CIPHER-DES 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The DES EVP_CIPHER implementations bpf-helpers 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz list of eBPF helper functions full - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz always full device distro-info - 1 1 1701173912 0 A - - gz provides information about the distributions' releases service - 8 8 1644964366 0 A - - gz run a System V init script thin_metadata_size - 8 8 1647606993 0 A - - gz thin provisioning metadata device/file size calculator. tc-cake - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Common Applications Kept Enhanced (CAKE) git-difftool - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Show changes using common diff tools dmmp_mpath_array_free - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Free 'struct dmmp_mpath' pointer array. time 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz overview of time and timers ssetmask - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz manipulation of signal mask (obsolete) locale::recodedata::iso_8859_8 Locale::RecodeData::ISO_8859_8 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ISO-8859-8 uid_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types envz_remove - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz environment string support uuidd - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz UUID generation daemon faillock.conf - 5 5 1749739528 0 A - - gz pam_faillock configuration file catanhf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex arc tangents hyperbolic systemd-timedated.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Time and date bus mechanism ptardiff - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz program that diffs an extracted archive against an unextracted one ctanh - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz complex hyperbolic tangent latin8 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - t gz ISO 8859-14 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal netem NetEm 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-netem - gz acct acct 5 acct 2 git-maintenance - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Run tasks to optimize Git repository data copysignf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz copy sign of a number wcsrchr - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz search a wide character in a wide-character string scandir - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz scan a directory for matching entries fchown - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz change ownership of a file pam_securetty - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Limit root login to special devices null - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz data sink daemon 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz run in the background print - 1 1 1639178040 0 B - - gz execute programs via entries in the mailcap file fexecve - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz execute program specified via file descriptor mkfs - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz build a Linux filesystem systemd-binfmt.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Configure additional binary formats for executables at boot stdout - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz standard I/O streams chfn - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz change real user name and information mlock2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz lock and unlock memory systemd.slice - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Slice unit configuration grub-mknetdir - 1 1 1671398486 0 A - - gz prepare a GRUB netboot directory. ssignal - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz software signal facility drand48 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz generate uniformly distributed pseudo-random numbers localtime 5 - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Local timezone configuration file git-credential-store - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Helper to store credentials on disk migrate-pubring-from-classic-gpg - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz Migrate a public keyring from "classic" to "modern" GnuPG chvt - 1 1 1671200073 0 A - - gz change foreground virtual terminal mq_open mq_open 3 mq_open 2 log - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz natural logarithmic function http::negotiate HTTP::Negotiate 3pm 3 1523725394 0 A - - gz choose a variant to serve delete_module - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz unload a kernel module getservbyport_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get service entry (reentrant) pam_selinux - 7 7 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM module to set the default security context isspace - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz character classification functions rpc_gss_get_principal_name - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "Get a principal name" add-apt-repository - 1 1 1698152854 0 A - - gz Adds a repository into the /etc/apt/sources.list or /etc/apt/sources.list.d or removes an existing one set_tid_address - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set pointer to thread ID shutdown 8 - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Halt, power-off or reboot the machine �L�sccos:� 4 systemd-fsckd - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz File system check progress reporting genrsa - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands cpupower-idle-set - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Utility to set cpu idle state specific kernel options clnt_geterr 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls dpkg 1 - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz package manager for Debian zfgrep - 1 1 1662384839 0 B - - gz search possibly compressed files for a regular expression base32 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz base32 encode/decode data and print to standard output mq_timedreceive 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz receive a message from a message queue lzless - 1 1 1709258945 973949465 B - - gz view xz or lzma compressed (text) files version - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands addseverity - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz introduce new severity classes vipw - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz edit the password, group, shadow-password or shadow-group file sos-collector - 1 1 1696390514 0 A - - gz getauxval - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz retrieve a value from the auxiliary vector byobu-enable - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz wrapper script for enabling/disabling automatic startup of byobu after login into text console locale::recodedata::ibm865 Locale::RecodeData::IBM865 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM865 run-one-constantly - 1 1 1389825651 0 B - - gz run just one instance at a time of some command and unique set of arguments (useful for cronjobs, eg) recvmsg - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz receive a message from a socket clntudp_bufcreate clntudp_bufcreate 3t clntudp_bufcreate 3 cgi::cookie CGI::Cookie 3pm 3 1644689710 0 A - - gz Interface to HTTP Cookies xdr_rejected_reply 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls pam_issue - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM module to add issue file to user prompt initramfs.conf - 5 5 1690278884 0 A - - gz configuration file for mkinitramfs lgammaf_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz log gamma function phys - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz unimplemented system calls locale::recodedata::iso_8859_16 Locale::RecodeData::ISO_8859_16 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ISO-8859-16 rpc_xdr - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz XDR library routines for remote procedure calls __ppc_mdoio - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Hint the processor to release shared resources vfork - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create a child process and block parent abs - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz compute the absolute value of an integer argz_create - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz functions to handle an argz list sg_xcopy - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz copy data to and from files and devices using SCSI EXTENDED COPY (XCOPY) locale::recodedata::inis Locale::RecodeData::INIS 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for INIS oldolduname - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get name and information about current kernel explicit_bzero - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz zero a byte string acoshl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz inverse hyperbolic cosine function dsaparam - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands apt-add-repository - 1 1 1698152854 0 B - - gz Adds a repository into the /etc/apt/sources.list or /etc/apt/sources.list.d or removes an existing one sha256sum - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz compute and check SHA256 message digest rpcb_getaddr - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpcbind - gz url - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz uniform resource identifier (URI), including a URL or URN realpath 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz return the canonicalized absolute pathname grub-mkrescue - 1 1 1671398486 0 A - - gz make a GRUB rescue image cfgetospeed - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get and set terminal attributes, line control, get and set baud rate iruserok_af - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz routines for returning a stream to a remote command dirmngr - 8 8 1767651279 0 A - - gz CRL and OCSP daemon getnetbyaddr_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get network entry (reentrant) telldir - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz return current location in directory stream gate - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-gate - gz xfs_scrub_all - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz scrub all mounted XFS filesystems gsignal - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz software signal facility dpkg::buildoptions Dpkg::BuildOptions 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz parse and update build options debconf-show - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz query the debconf database pico - 1 1 1709258946 493955185 B - - gz Nano's ANOther editor, inspired by Pico gitglossary - 7 7 1772135393 0 A - - gz A Git Glossary ntp_gettime - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get time parameters (NTP daemon interface) deb-control - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian binary packages' master control file format re_exec - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz BSD regex functions envz_get - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz environment string support lvcreate - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Create a logical volume readprofile - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz read kernel profiling information perf-probe - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Define new dynamic tracepoints posix_madvise - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz give advice about patterns of memory usage ugetrlimit - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get/set resource limits tgkill - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz send a signal to a thread tc-ife - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz encapsulate/decapsulate metadata fseeko - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz seek to or report file position sigsuspend - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz wait for a signal svcunix_create - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz as 1 - 1 1 1764774481 0 A - - gz the portable GNU assembler. user-dirs.conf - 5 5 1648202040 0 A - - gz configuration for xdg-user-dirs-update vimtutor - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz the Vim tutor tc-codel - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Controlled-Delay Active Queue Management algorithm strcasestr - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz locate a substring malloc_set_state - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz record and restore state of malloc implementation rtnetlink 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz macros to manipulate rtnetlink messages int8_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types mtr-packet - 8 8 1641905206 0 A - - gz send and receive network probes iso_8859-15 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz ISO 8859-15 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal truncf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz round to integer, toward zero uint16_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types flow - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-flow - 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3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz gitdiffcore - 7 7 1772135393 0 A - - gz Tweaking diff output clnt_call 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_calls - gz groups - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz print the groups a user is in feclearexcept - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point rounding and exception handling dmsetup - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz low level logical volume management svc_destroy 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz library routines for remote procedure calls gitcli - 7 7 1772135393 0 A - - gz Git command-line interface and conventions openssl-core_dispatch.h - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz OpenSSL provider dispatch numbers and function types locale::gettext_dumb Locale::gettext_dumb 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Locale unaware Implementation of Uniforum Message Translation xdr_callmsg xdr_callmsg 3t xdr_callmsg 3 sbattach - 1 1 1636133544 0 A - - gz UEFI secure boot detached signature tool tmpnam_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz create a name for a temporary file bunzip2 - 1 1 1648028710 0 B - 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3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz if_nameindex - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get network interface names and indexes tc-etf - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Earliest TxTime First (ETF) Qdisc lvmsadc - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz LVM system activity data collector systemd-localed - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Locale bus mechanism ex - 1 1 1709258889 489327588 B - - gz Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor strftime - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz format date and time openssl-genrsa - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz generate an RSA private key openssl-fipsinstall - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz perform FIPS configuration installation pr - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz convert text files for printing dmmp_context_new - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Create struct dmmp_context. getpwuid_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get password file entry gpg - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz OpenPGP encryption and signing tool dpkg::compression Dpkg::Compression 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz simple database of available compression methods vgchange - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Change volume group attributes des_setparity 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz fast DES encryption rmdir 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz remove empty directories vigpg - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz open and edit an encrypted file getegid32 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get group identity mknod 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create a special or ordinary file get_myaddress 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls setprotoent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get protocol entry memchr - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz scan memory for a character getfsfile - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz handle fstab entries apt-ftparchive - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Utility to generate index files mknodat - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz create a special or ordinary file iso_8859-3 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz ISO 8859-3 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal keymaps - 5 5 1671200073 0 A - - gz keyboard table descriptions for loadkeys and dumpkeys rresvport - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz routines for returning a stream to a remote command hfsc HFSC 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-hfsc - gz git-bisect - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug bindtextdomain - 3 3 1648204267 0 A - - gz set directory containing message catalogs systemd-logind.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Login manager gpl - 7gcc 7 1605639187 0 A - - gz GNU General Public License dpkg-shlibdeps - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz generate shared library substvar dependencies fts_open - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz traverse a file hierarchy statfs - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get filesystem statistics system_data_types system_data_types 7 chardet - 1 1 1609346571 0 A - - gz universal character encoding detector inet_ntoa - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Internet address manipulation routines ip-addrlabel - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz protocol address label management systemd-fsck - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz File system checker logic dlsym - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz obtain address of a symbol in a shared object or executable htcacheclean - 8 8 1777987607 0 A - - gz Clean up the disk cache php8.3 - 1 1 1770998325 0 A - - gz PHP Command Line Interface 'CLI' bswap_16 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz reverse order of bytes getrpcport 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz get RPC port number getumask - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz get file creation mask iso_8859-16 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz ISO 8859-16 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal dcb-maxrate - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz show / manipulate port maxrate settings of the DCB (Data Center Bridging) subsystem hostnamectl - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz Control the system hostname errx - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz formatted error messages �_ � � � ]� � ��fencrmW 4 � �ftipc�W U Q0�gaio_ X K -nggit-`X : c�2fsize:� N � dxfs_ > ��gsyst�� 9 ���glocaܡ V �" dgsigL 5 �K�edpkg� P N��edebc� 7 ��fsche�X E �Ƌfdmmp�X - � �fauthM� & ��fisal�� ? $�ffldexʢ R "|�dpico0 L ��gicmpDY ; �J�egitg� + ���gloca�Y H �=Mginit�Y = ��entp_� G 꽛fdeb-#� - {vddeb- O ���dre_ef 0 ל�denvz� 7 �Ddlvcr� 4 �eeread > ��dperfe ; �xdposi� G _�6euget 4 ���dtgki? 6 F��dtc-i| = �� efsee� < c@�dsigs . ךMesvcu< $ &.&flifeZ < &�fudevfZ K ؤ�fphp8�Z = �q�das 1o 8 �gZduser� C p�dvimt� * z?7dtc-c1 O ��Dgchro�Z 7 *6�fopenB[ E C��dstrc� / E%gsg_b�[ A ���dmall� N g�ertne" D k��fmkfs�[ 6 Dd�fhttp!\ M Wo�eint8r : n�gcircy\ Y 5��dmtr-� < $#�diso_� a �g�gethe�\ C �6dtrung : �5<ffget1] L T�^gbinf�] X ��)ggit �] 7 '�bggets"^ ; 1{+euint� : ��eflow� # �g}fsystf^ b ��ggit-�^ H 3��gtwal=_ 8 �gedpkg k ?)�dsysc� / �dseta� q 4�esessH ; �.bdkern� ; "�gtrun{_ B �{gbpft � V /�ehdpa� A ' �ddpkg/ ] +|gpkilc� f x�gsystϐ X igdsigb� + D\�dpam_� b �<ndtc-cE : "�[dvgsc� 9 ��eseth� - 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M12esetv&W < time 1 - 1 1 1648201942 0 A - - gz run programs and summarize system resource usage faked-tcp - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz daemon that remembers fake ownership/permissions of files manipulated by fakeroot processes. clnt_destroy 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls svcerr_noprog 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz provider-base - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The basic OpenSSL library <-> provider functions runlevel - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - t gz Print previous and current SysV runlevel luksformat - 8 8 1692724602 0 A - - gz Create and format an encrypted LUKS device mkfifo 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz make a FIFO special file (a named pipe) latin2 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - t gz ISO 8859-2 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal thin_dump - 8 8 1647606993 0 A - - gz dump thin provisioning metadata from device or file to standard output. pbputs - 1 1 1637722414 0 A - - gz compress and encode arbitrary files to pastebin.com putc - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz output of characters and strings clnt_create 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_create - gz pam_userdb - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM module to authenticate against a db database adduser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz add a user or group to the system html::formatrtf HTML::FormatRTF 3pm 3 1608316604 0 A - - gz Format HTML as RTF systemd-resolved.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Network Name Resolution manager fmax - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz determine maximum of two floating-point numbers gitignore - 5 5 1772135393 0 A - - gz Specifies intentionally untracked files to ignore getaddrinfo - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz network address and service translation pthread_spin_lock - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz lock and unlock a spin lock plymouth 8 - 8 8 1647600318 0 A - - gz A graphical boot system and logger setvtrgb 1 - 1 1 1671200073 0 A - - gz customize the console color map encrypt_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz encrypt 64-bit messages tipc-node - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz modify and show local node parameters or list peer nodes aio_cancel - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz cancel an outstanding asynchronous I/O request git-worktree - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Manage multiple working trees sched_getaffinity - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set and get a thread's CPU affinity mask dmmp_context_timeout_set - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Set IPC timeout. icmp - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz Linux IPv4 ICMP kernel module. locale-gen - 8 8 1769761256 0 A - - gz generates localisation files from templates initrd - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz boot loader initialized RAM disk life_cycle-mac - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The MAC algorithm life-cycle udev.conf - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Configuration for device event managing daemon php8.2 - 1 1 1725009707 0 A - - gz PHP Command Line Interface 'CLI' chrony.conf - 5 5 1644292089 0 A - - gz chronyd configuration file openssl-spkac - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz SPKAC printing and generating command sg_bg_ctl - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI BACKGROUND CONTROL command mkfs.btrfs - 8 8 1645724395 0 A - t gz create a btrfs filesystem http::date HTTP::Date 3pm 3 1574479983 0 A - - gz HTTP::Date - date conversion routines circleq_empty CIRCLEQ_EMPTY 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue ether_hostton - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz Ethernet address manipulation routines fgetws - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz read a wide-character string from a FILE stream binfmt.d - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Configure additional binary formats for executables at boot git 1 - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz the stupid content tracker getspnam - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get shadow password file entry systemd-update-utmp.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Write audit and utmp updates at bootup, runlevel changes and shutdown git-http-backend - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Server side implementation of Git over HTTP twalk - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz manage a binary search tree truncate64 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz truncate a file to a specified length clnt_create clnt_create 3t clnt_create 3 3 Ϳ �� 0 n ����circ[� M ���aclnt � , �~6asystA� 5 G� `pam.�� 4 �2amdig�� 9 �[afclo�� 3 @ �`acti9� & Ȇ�`gethg� 3 ���`open�� . �T`twis� # �6Tagit-� H �� amysqg� 4 n��`git-�� � �'�`deb8X� > ����algo�� R ����open� U qqaURI �� S /�[antfs�� > J�CadepmD� ? �b3asige�� 8 ����byob}� D ����jranα ] xN2`pthrЄ @ ����llro5� 5 ����pidws� f �atty %� 1 ����regm� : ����gpic&� > ����coshi� 7 �@9`sigi\� D B�,ahuge�� < ����logi�� 8 ����logi� @ ����pthr0� G 2x�amadv� < kd�async6� : ����loca�� \ ����git-� K &Y`vdpa�� 8 ����evp_W� L ����rexe�� > X�amq_tƆ > ��,`ipcm� 7 �LL`dcb-P� � N�``test݇ @ 2�apthr"� D � �`sftpu� : _��`evp_�� Z �Lagetc � �f�aopen:� B ����col5�� [ ����xcryU� 4 ��a`xdr_�� N �l`git-� G n�[aprov:� J ��[afsta�� 6 �NEabreaˊ 7 ����semg�� D @��apwun� L 3�`prin]� 2 ����lsof�o , ����unit۶ 8 ��`mail�� F QA�`setf� J ����cach� X ����fget|� 7 ����teli÷ 1 ��`inst;� 4 8��`setp|� @ ����term�� P ����shmd^� > S��atzseȌ C ����strl�� = ����lvm.� 8 �m `time� g�>alibn5� - 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3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz floating-point relational tests without exception for NaN bpftool 8 - 8 8 1775945558 0 A - - gz tool for inspection and simple manipulation of eBPF programs and maps xdr_string - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation cexp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz complex exponential function FD_CLR 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz synchronous I/O multiplexing j0f - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Bessel functions of the first kind updwtmpx - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz append an entry to the wtmp file xdr_u_char - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation pstree - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz display a tree of processes clnt_sperror clnt_sperror 3t clnt_sperror 3 codel CoDel 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-codel - gz dpkg::compression::process Dpkg::Compression::Process 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz run compression/decompression processes lvrename - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Rename a logical volume memcmp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz compare memory areas locale::recodedata::iso_8859_2 Locale::RecodeData::ISO_8859_2 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ISO-8859-2 networkd-dispatcher - 8 8 1651670983 0 A - - gz Dispatcher service for systemd-networkd connection status changes provider-encoder - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The OSSL_ENCODER library <-> provider functions logwtmp - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz append an entry to the wtmp file pam_env - 7 7 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM module to set/unset environment variables lvmdiskscan - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz List devices that may be used as physical volumes gettimeofday - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get / set time perf-iostat - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz Show I/O performance metrics gcvt - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a floating-point number to a string pwck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz verify integrity of password files locale::recodedata::ebcdic_fi_se Locale::RecodeData::EBCDIC_FI_SE 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for EBCDIC_FI_SE kmem - 4 4 1623352727 0 B - - gz system memory, kernel memory and system ports pty - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz pseudoterminal interfaces uri::split URI::Split 3pm 3 1635280325 0 A - - gz Parse and compose URI strings lvconvert - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Change logical volume layout regex 7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz POSIX.2 regular expressions gpg-preset-passphrase - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz Put a passphrase into gpg-agent's cache xdr_destroy - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for external data representation btrfs-replace - 8 8 1645724395 0 A - - gz replace devices managed by btrfs with other device. getpass - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get a password locale::recodedata::maccroatian Locale::RecodeData::MACCROATIAN 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for MACCROATIAN bpftool-prog - 8 8 1775945558 0 A - - gz tool for inspection and simple manipulation of eBPF progs pkill - 1 1 1698752164 0 B - - gz look up, signal, or wait for processes based on name and other attributes systemd-network-generator - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Generate network configuration from the kernel command line intro 4 - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - - gz introduction to special files locale::recodedata::ebcdic_uk Locale::RecodeData::EBCDIC_UK 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for EBCDIC_UK getopt 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz Parse command-line options xt - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-xt - gz getaliasent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz read an alias entry engine - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands more - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz file perusal filter for crt viewing malloc - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz allocate and free dynamic memory mokutil - 1 1 1692911663 0 A - - gz utility to manipulate machine owner keys timer_settime - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz arm/disarm and fetch state of POSIX per-process timer pod2html - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz convert .pod files to .html files zstdgrep - 1 1 1648138558 0 A - - gz print lines matching a pattern in zstandard-compressed files dpkg-trigger - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz a package trigger utility systemd-cryptenroll - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - t gz Enroll PKCS#11, FIDO2, TPM2 token/devices to LUKS2 encrypted volumes cgi::push CGI::Push 3pm 3 1644689710 0 A - - gz Simple Interface to Server Push flock 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file ld-linux.so - 8 8 1623352727 0 B - - gz dynamic linker/loader clearerr - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz check and reset stream status locale::recodedata::atari_st Locale::RecodeData::ATARI_ST 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ATARI-ST logsave - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz save the output of a command in a logfile cms - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands dbus-update-activation-environment - 1 1 1666703707 0 A - - gz update environment used for D-Bus session services html::tagset HTML::Tagset 3pm 3 1574007989 0 A - - gz data tables useful in parsing HTML provider-rand - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The random number generation library <-> provider functions systemd-makefs - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Creating and growing file systems on demand mq_close - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz close a message queue descriptor ss - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz another utility to investigate sockets route - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz show / manipulate the IP routing table pcilib - 7 7 1630291558 0 A - - gz a library for accessing PCI devices locale::recodedata::iso_8859_3 Locale::RecodeData::ISO_8859_3 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ISO-8859-3 dpkg::changelog::debian Dpkg::Changelog::Debian 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz parse Debian changelogs network_namespaces - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz overview of Linux network namespaces nc.openbsd - 1 1 1645614583 0 B - - gz arbitrary TCP and UDP connections and listens setegid - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set effective user or group ID time 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get time in seconds rpc_gss_get_versions - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "Get supported protocol version" outl_p - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz port I/O file::fcntllock::inline File::FcntlLock::Inline 3pm 3 1644151415 0 A - 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8 8 1648138942 0 A - - gz inform the OS of partition table changes libnss_systemd.so.2 - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz UNIX user and group name resolution for user/group lookup via Varlink __fsetlocking - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz interfaces to stdio FILE structure x86_64-linux-gnu-gcov-tool-11 - 1 1 1766043084 0 A - - gz offline gcda profile processing tool sched_setscheduler - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set and get scheduling policy/parameters getpeername - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get name of connected peer socket iswspace - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz test for whitespace wide character nextafterf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz floating-point number manipulation btrfs-convert - 8 8 1645724395 0 A - - gz convert from ext2/3/4 or reiserfs filesystem to btrfs in-place snapd-env-generator - 8 8 1773315027 0 A - - gz internal tool to set /snap/bin to PATH latin6 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - t gz ISO 8859-10 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal clock_getcpuclockid - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz obtain ID of a process CPU-time clock dpkg::path Dpkg::Path 3perl 3 1757448556 0 A - - gz some common path handling functions ucfq - 1 1 1592285873 0 A - - gz query the ucf database btrfs 5 - 5 5 1645724395 0 A - t gz topics about the BTRFS filesystem (mount options, supported file attributes and other) getcontext - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get or set the user context deb-old - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz old style Debian binary package format cpowl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz complex power function tunnel_key - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-tunnel_key - gz BusyBox 1 - 1 1 1723556363 0 C busybox - gz git-whatchanged - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Show logs with difference each commit introduces openproc - 3 3 1698752164 0 A - - gz initialize process information from /proc/ resizecons - 8 8 1671200073 0 A - - gz change kernel idea of the console size clnt_sperrno 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_calls - gz polkit - 8 8 1775818760 0 A - - gz Authorization Framework validlocale - 8 8 1769761256 0 A - - gz Test if a given locale is available dpkg-split - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian package archive split/join tool pututline - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz access utmp file entries netconfig - 5 5 1658753243 0 A - - gz network configuration data base ttyname - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz return name of a terminal zipinfo - 1 1 1706802775 0 A - - gz list detailed information about a ZIP archive systemd-run - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz Run programs in transient scope units, service units, or path-, socket-, or timer-triggered service units ip6tables-legacy-restore - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api uname 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get name and information about current kernel fdisk - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz manipulate disk partition table rand_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz pseudo-random number generator ioprio_get - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get/set I/O scheduling class and priority xdr_authunix_parms 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls fw - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-fw - gz taskset - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz set or retrieve a process's CPU affinity systemd-initctl.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz /dev/initctl compatibility socketcall - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - t gz socket system calls evp_cipher-rc4 EVP_CIPHER-RC4 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The RC4 EVP_CIPHER implementations systemd-boot-check-no-failures - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz verify that the system booted up cleanly rgrep - 1 1 1648043773 0 B - - gz print lines that match patterns circleq_prev CIRCLEQ_PREV 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue systemd.scope - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Scope unit configuration dmidecode - 8 8 1661298767 0 A - t gz DMI table decoder xzfgrep - 1 1 1649422298 0 B - - gz search compressed files for a regular expression bcopy - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz copy byte sequence git-http-push - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Push objects over HTTP/DAV to another repository sigandset - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz POSIX signal set operations posix_spawnp - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz spawn a process openssl-rsautl - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz RSA command getpgrp - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz set/get process group j1 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Bessel functions of the first kind cacheflush - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz flush contents of instruction and/or data cache ubuntu-advantage - 1 1 1711378329 0 A - - gz Manage Ubuntu Pro services from Canonical myisampack - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - t gz generate compressed, read-only MyISAM tables rdma-resource - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz rdma resource configuration html::tree HTML::Tree 3pm 3 1547397186 0 A - - gz build and scan parse-trees of HTML busctl - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz Introspect the bus ip6tables-legacy - 8 8 1705439670 0 B - - gz iptables using old getsockopt/setsockopt-based kernel api ccosl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex cosine function locale::recodedata::ibm297 Locale::RecodeData::IBM297 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM297 sg_requests - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send one or more SCSI REQUEST SENSE commands pam_env.conf - 5 5 1749739528 0 A - - gz the environment variables config files des_setparity 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C des_crypt - gz flistxattr - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz list extended attribute names get_myaddress 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz sync sync 1 sync 2 sh - 1 1 1709258877 29190236 B - - gz command interpreter (shell) whereis - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz locate the binary, source, and manual page files for a command dmmp_last_error_msg - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Retrieves the last error message. vgs - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Display information about volume groups evp_md-ripemd160 EVP_MD-RIPEMD160 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The RIPEMD160 EVP_MD implementation ccoshl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz complex hyperbolic cosine erfcl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz complementary error function svc_getreqset 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls xattr - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz Extended attributes setbuffer - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz stream buffering operations posix_spawn - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz spawn a process sg_sanitize - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz remove all user data from disk with SCSI SANITIZE command btrfs-subvolume - 8 8 1645724395 0 A - - gz manage btrfs subvolumes sg_opcodes - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz report supported SCSI commands or task management functions xdr_accepted_reply 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz locale::recodedata::iso_8859_7 Locale::RecodeData::ISO_8859_7 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ISO-8859-7 provider-cipher - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The cipher library <-> provider functions posix_fallocate - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz allocate file space toupper_l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz convert uppercase or lowercase update-mime-database - 1 1 1642151907 0 A - - gz a program to build the Shared MIME-Info database cache intro 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz introduction to library functions atanh - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz inverse hyperbolic tangent function systemd-journald-dev-log.socket - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Journal service xzdiff - 1 1 1649422298 0 A - - gz compare compressed files cpupower-frequency-set - 1 1 1775945558 0 A - - gz A small tool which allows to modify cpufreq settings. setnetconfig - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C getnetconfig - gz html::parse HTML::Parse 3pm 3 1547397186 0 A - - gz Deprecated, a wrapper around HTML::TreeBuilder sigaction - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz examine and change a signal action cpgr - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz copy with locking the given file to the password or group file mysql_ssl_rsa_setup - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - t gz create SSL/RSA files svcunixfd_create - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz clog2l - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz base-2 logarithm of a complex number gitmailmap - 5 5 1772135393 0 A - - gz Map author/committer names and/or E-Mail addresses iso-8859-2 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-2 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal cloud-init-per - 1 1 1750799725 0 A - - gz Run a command with arguments at a specific frequency inplace - 3am 3 1692267876 0 A - - gz emulate sed/perl/ruby in-place editing flock 1 - 1 1 1772813404 0 A - - gz manage locks from shell scripts if_nametoindex - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz mappings between network interface names and indexes ntfsinfo - 8 8 1776448468 0 A - - gz dump a file's attributes putw - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz input and output of words (ints) pro - 1 1 1711378329 0 A - - gz Manage Ubuntu Pro services from Canonical clock_gettime - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz clock and time functions xzcmp - 1 1 1649422298 0 B - - gz compare compressed files getcwd 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get current working directory off_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types svc_fd_create - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_svc_create - gz net::http Net::HTTP 3pm 3 1642903995 0 A - - gz Low-level HTTP connection (client) switch_root - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree fstab-decode - 8 8 1639516642 0 A - - gz run a command with fstab-encoded arguments sos - 1 1 1696390514 0 A - - gz A unified tool for collecting system logs and other debug information evp_keymgmt-sm2 EVP_KEYMGMT-SM2 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY keytype support for the Chinese SM2 signature and encryption algorithms locale::util Locale::Util 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Portable l10n and i10n functions pciconfig_read - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz pci device information handling utf8 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz an ASCII compatible multibyte Unicode encoding warnx - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz formatted error messages funlockfile - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz lock FILE for stdio strcat - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz concatenate two strings latin9 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-15 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal mysql - 1 1 1769085889 0 A - t gz the MySQL command-line client log10f - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz base-10 logarithmic function mktemp 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz make a unique temporary filename svcerr_auth 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls sched_get_priority_min - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get static priority range lsattr - 1 1 1654125315 0 A - - gz list file attributes on a Linux second extended file system openssl-mac - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz perform Message Authentication Code operations inet_network - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Internet address manipulation routines tc-tbf - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz Token Bucket Filter uts_namespaces - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz overview of Linux UTS namespaces sg_get_lba_status - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI GET LBA STATUS(16 or 32) command man-pages - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz conventions for writing Linux man pages dmmp_context_log_func_set - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Set log handler function. x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-ar - 1 1 1628148971 0 B - - gz a wrapper around ar adding the --plugin option gcov-dump-11 - 1 1 1766043084 0 B - - gz offline gcda and gcno profile dump tool gethostbyname2 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get network host entry hasmntopt - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get filesystem descriptor file entry remove-shell - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz remove shells from the list of valid login shells python3.10 - 1 1 1772538992 0 A - - gz an interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language sudo.conf - 5 5 1772456886 0 A - - gz configuration for sudo front-end update-initramfs - 8 8 1690278884 0 A - - gz generate an initramfs image sync 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz commit filesystem caches to disk blkdeactivate - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz utility to deactivate block devices mt-gnu - 1 1 1714307436 0 A - - gz control magnetic tape drive operation systemd.socket - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Socket unit configuration stailq_remove STAILQ_REMOVE 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz implementation of a singly linked tail queue pam PAM 7 pam 7 pkeyparam - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands git-shortlog - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Summarize 'git log' output mq_send 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz send a message to a message queue sigtimedwait - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz synchronously wait for queued signals mkdtemp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz create a unique temporary directory inb - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz port I/O resizepart - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz tell the kernel about the new size of a partition ntp_gettimex - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get time parameters (NTP daemon interface) dev_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Creates, deletes and cleans up volatile and temporary files and directories byobu-quiet - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz Silence all of Byobu's status indicators and eliminate the hardstatus line lvmpolld - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz LVM poll daemon mount.fuse - 8 8 1648043594 0 B - - gz configuration and mount options for FUSE file systems pwconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz convert to and from shadow passwords and groups be64toh - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert values between host and big-/little-endian byte order locale::recodedata::ecma_cyrillic Locale::RecodeData::ECMA_CYRILLIC 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for ECMA_CYRILLIC L locale::recodedata::sami_ws2 Locale::RecodeData::SAMI_WS2 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for SAMI_WS2 pie PIE 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-pie - gz xdr_replymsg xdr_replymsg 3t xdr_replymsg 3 rpc_gss_mech_to_oid - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "Convert a mechanism name to a GSS-API oid" truncl - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz round to integer, toward zero pldd - 1 1 1623352727 0 A - - gz display dynamic shared objects linked into a process logind.conf - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz Login manager configuration files systemd.service - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - t gz Service unit configuration moduli - 5 5 1777336690 0 A - - gz Diffie-Hellman moduli git-notes - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Add or inspect object notes listen - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz listen for connections on a socket lrintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz round to nearest integer iptables/ip6tables - 8 8 1705439670 0 C ip6tables - gz ed - 1 1 1644750531 0 A - - gz line-oriented text editor systemd-cat - 1 1 1773420461 0 A - - gz Connect a pipeline or program's output with the journal inl - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz port I/O setkeycodes - 8 8 1671200073 0 A - - gz load kernel scancode-to-keycode mapping table entries sg_reassign - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send SCSI REASSIGN BLOCKS command strtouq - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert a string to an unsigned long integer ets ETS 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-ets - gz pwdx - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz report current working directory of a process va_end - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz variable argument lists btowc - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert single byte to wide character setgrent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz get group file entry systemd-remount-fs.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Remount root and kernel file systems _newselect - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz synchronous I/O multiplexing timerfd_settime - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz timers that notify via file descriptors tc-hfsc tc-hfsc 8 tc-hfsc 7 locale::recodedata::ibm874 Locale::RecodeData::IBM874 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM874 locale::recodedata::macturkish Locale::RecodeData::MACTURKISH 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for MACTURKISH clnt_freeres 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_clnt_calls - gz make-first-existing-target - 1 1 1644939141 0 A - - gz runs make on one of several targets procfs - 5 5 1623352727 0 B - - gz process information pseudo-filesystem dmmp_strerror - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Convert error code to string. fputws - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz write a wide-character string to a FILE stream arm_fadvise - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz predeclare an access pattern for file data sendto - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz send a message on a socket dmmp_context_userdata_set - 3 3 1698790919 0 A - - gz Set user data pointer. revtwoway - 3am 3 1692267876 0 A - - gz Reverse strings sample two-way processor extension uri::data URI::data 3pm 3 1635280325 0 A - - gz URI that contains immediate data sort::naturally Sort::Naturally 3pm 3 1519475773 0 A - - gz - sort lexically, but sort numeral parts numerically openat - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz open and possibly create a file systemd-time-wait-sync - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Wait until kernel time is synchronized bfifo - 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-bfifo - gz git-blame - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Show what revision and author last modified each line of a file bzip2 - 1 1 1648028710 0 A - - gz a block-sorting file compressor, v1.0.8 ether_ntohost - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Ethernet address manipulation routines groupadd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz create a new group nftables - 8 8 1660109789 0 B - t gz Administration tool of the nftables framework for packet filtering and classification giteveryday - 7 7 1772135393 0 A - - gz A useful minimum set of commands for Everyday Git endutxent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz access utmp file entries rotatelogs - 8 8 1777987607 0 A - - gz Piped logging program to rotate Apache logs inet_netof - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz Internet address manipulation routines whatis - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz display one-line manual page descriptions �/ A �o � rr � ��usetgu% / .�wmkst�% ; �� wwcsd�% > ��wevp_3& N ��9vcfre�& 2 �svcbs �& $ ,�tflis7� : �õuget_|� $ ��]vaddu�& P ��vfrexN' ` �w�vhttp�' S :�-vcirc( a %��vsigq�( A �5vfput�( 7 �ijwrpc_ ) N c��usync�� � )vorg.�) D �}�ush �� ? $(]uwher� [ U8�tdmmpj� > �k tvgs �� D Yi�uevp_� R �uccosg� 6 ��terfc�� 9 ��usvc_�� H ��uxatt;� 0 `�?tsetbq� 8 ��_tposi�� , 6otsg_s�� V q�ubtrfM� 4 ��Nusg_o�� X -�uxdr_�� $ T�suloca.� ^ �Z~tprov�� I ���tposi� 0 ���wgeth�) 3 jG�vuint"* : �L�ttoupD� ; � vwcrtf* M ��tupda�� S JB�tintr�� > � ~vvdpa�* 1 "k�uatan7� @ yvuser�* C ��tsyst}� , h��txzdi�� 5 |Nucpup� R O�_usetnn� ) E>�thtml�� W ԅ$usiga� ? �K�wfcgiB+ 1 SN�ucpgrP� [ ��#tmysq�� 1 g�tsvcu�� $ e;uclog*� A �iugitmr� O ���w_exix+ : c� tiso-�� ` ��vshad�+ 3 =��varch�+ K a�vgtblD, 4 ���wsett}, + ��wwsyst�, H � vlati- a ���watoq}- ; �;Zwkoi8�- ] (wshmo!. > �Geuclou7� Q ���vdeb-e. = ���vfile�. 9 A`�wtune�. a MG�wbyob[/ ? �Zuinpl�� E ɪ�ufloc�� < w(�wmq_g�/ = M �tif_n(� Q f(�veven ` L �C+wopenV` H tstntfs�� 5 /�*vgrot�` E ���tputw�� = ]�;upro � F Y��vfwid�` O b��wportLa J 1�vsmim�a < f~vvgex�a C ��MuclocR� 5 ���vrc-l)b c F�wmous�b 3 �>Nvland�b K ҕ�wprov3c J � txzcm�� 5 � vx86_�c M ��|wsg_t�c K 0�UwremoEd 7 � tgetc�� : � Xwarpt�d ) S��vpkch�d B �U�uoff_� : ��tsvc_S� + &B�wmdad e F &Wvuri:Le N 8Ηwlwp:�e G u�unet:�� I �u^uswit�� W ���vgpgsf B QF vnetsMf � ��wevp_�f u *��tfstaB� G �G�wrtldjg @ c��viso-�g ` d�Ewpod2 h E �Zvpmapnh $ Ewprli�h " ��,vvser�h 7 =�vbpft i < .�1vranlUi < �Cvevp_�i d ~�usos �� b �:Ytvgre J �ܣtsgetS ; � lunetw� ? ���uwcto� O �̨upam_<! O ��tinot�! N ��1vbtrfj ! �Xubind�! Ҥ�wopen<j 5 a�^wmmapj L�vnawk�j M TI�wsetm�j A �� tsuff%" 2 l�*vmake)k 8 c��tdeb-`" B D��vcmsgok : ��jtevp_�" b ��|wbrk �k 5 ?6�tgpgp!# J B�vrais�k 8 �N�vlog1*l 9 VV�wmknoil B %Z�wnssw�l C �wpthrm W ���wsystwm 2 b�vvpmap�m H r�wdbus n C �a�tpam_x# : �.`tsigw�# . Pvmkfsan 8 Ʀ�wntfs�n E �H�vy1f �n @ ��wopen4o 9 `��ufind�# ? )+mtopen9$ 6 �,4vgetryo < ��wunli p R ���vgit-[p K ��,wrsyn�p T N��utmux�$ 1 V#�vmail q ? ��wlocaSq V Ϲ.vhtob�q Z ��vsysc&r C /�ule32�$ Z 4�\udes_ � & ��utime% L vgreduce - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Remove physical volume(s) from a volume group sgetspent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get shadow password file entry networkd.conf.d - 5 5 1773420461 0 B - - gz Global Network configuration files wctob - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz try to represent a wide character as a single byte pam_tty_audit - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz Enable or disable TTY auditing for specified users inotify_rm_watch - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz remove an existing watch from an inotify instance bindresvport bindresvport 3t bindresvport 3 suffixes - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz list of file suffixes deb-prerm - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz package pre-removal maintainer script evp_signature-cmac EVP_SIGNATURE-CMAC 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz The legacy EVP_PKEY MAC signature implementations gpgparsemail - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz Parse a mail message into an annotated format pam_limits - 8 8 1749739528 0 A - - gz PAM module to limit resources sigwait - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz wait for a signal findfs - 8 8 1772813404 0 A - - gz find a filesystem by label or UUID openssl-s_server - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz SSL/TLS server program tmux - 1 1 1675171635 0 A - - gz terminal multiplexer le32toh - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert values between host and big-/little-endian byte order timer_getoverrun - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz get overrun count for a POSIX per-process timer setgid - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz set group identity mkstemp - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz create a unique temporary file wcsdup - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz duplicate a wide-character string evp_mac-kmac256 EVP_MAC-KMAC256 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz The KMAC EVP_MAC implementations cfree - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz free allocated memory cbs CBS 8 8 1648123007 0 C tc-cbs - gz adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 A - - gz configuration file for adduser(8) and addgroup(8) . frexpf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz convert floating-point number to fractional and integral components http::headers HTTP::Headers 3pm 3 1641439263 0 A - - gz Class encapsulating HTTP Message headers circleq_insert_before CIRCLEQ_INSERT_BEFORE 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz implementation of a doubly linked circular queue sigqueue - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz queue a signal and data to a process fputws_unlocked - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz nonlocking stdio functions rpc_gss_is_installed - 3t 3 1658753243 0 A - - gz "Query for the presence of a security mechanism" org.freedesktop.resolve1 - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz The D-Bus interface of systemd-resolved gethostbyname2_r - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get network host entry uintptr_t - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz overview of system data types wcrtomb - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz convert a wide character to a multibyte sequence vdpa - 8 8 1648123007 0 A - - gz vdpa management tool user@.service - 5 5 1773420461 0 A - - gz System units to start the user manager fcgi FCGI 3pm 3 1644150586 0 A - - gz Fast CGI module _exit 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz terminate the calling process shadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz shadowed password file arch - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz print machine hardware name (same as uname -m) gtbl - 1 1 1648043790 0 B - t gz format tables for troff settimeofday - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz get / set time systemd-makefs@.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 A - - gz Creating and growing file systems on demand latin7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - - gz ISO 8859-13 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal atoq - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert a string to an integer koi8-r - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - t gz Russian character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal shmop - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz System V shared memory operations deb-src-rules - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian source package rules file filefrag - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz report on file fragmentation tune2fs - 8 8 1654125315 0 A - - gz adjust tunable file system parameters on ext2/ext3/ext4 file systems byobu-status-detail - 1 1 1581948710 0 A - - gz Wrapper that uses a sensible pager mq_getattr - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz get/set message queue attributes �_ � " v �� F ����ip6t� V �TBqnoti P D ¯_pacosPP 0 $rpsem_�P 4 ����run-I� � ����recv� < z��pcpu_�P E ����clnt"� * ����cgi:^� B mlqqwmemQ = Z�NprpcbYQ $ ����xdr_�� H ����pam_ � H ����init[� ? ����ccos:� 4 ��Qpsg_v�Q K ����lgam�� / ����phys� 7 ����loca � ` ����rpc_�� M ����__pp� K ����vforJ� D ����abs �� E �Jnpgit-�Q H U�=qio::3R ^ Q��ptc-f�R > #�piptu�R 9 �M�qcore6S G ����argz� = ����sg_x&� e ��p/etc�S ( �Tqstda�S 4 Ejqfdet�S 7 �H�qutmp:T 5 "�ZqlibwxT 0 ����loca�� R , �qperf�T C �|�qfeupU K ����oldo�� J ����explU� / F��qinit\U L !M�qmotd�U / �J�putmp�U 5 ����acos�� ? ����dsap� < w Jqread)V 1 E�qevp_dV N ����apt- � � ����sha2�� D �)pglob�V ~D�qloca�V ^ ���pwcstSW D h�^pwcsn�W Y �pqpdpkgX > ����rpcb� $ ����url 3� V L _qpam_LX J ���pdpkg�X L ����real�� G ����grub� 5 � �qipcr�X 9 ����cfge"� a ����irus�� P �q;qipc_3Y = ����dirm� 0 ����getn#� : �S�qpam_Y 3 c�Vpiso_�Y ` ����telll� H �pgetn(Z . jS�qbyobcZ W �2�pclnt�Z , ~��pstrp[ F ����x86_ � A ����sche_� E c�&pvswpR[ G �<\pacce�[ < ����getp�� > ����isws� ? 7_qsg_u�[ S ���qlrinB\ 5 ��pstrp}\ [ �S�psiga�\ 8 ����nextI� ? �%kqsyst#] D ����btrf�� [ ����snap�� C ����gate�� # �� qfchm�] 9 ����latiS� a ����cloc�� B ����dpkg� M ����ucfqi� 3 ����btrf�� s ��qcaco�] : ����getc � 8 ����deb-_� C ����cpow�� 3 ����tunn� ) 4qrpc_^ K ����Busy� # u��qdpkgY^ U ����git-D� M ����open�� G � �qunsh�^ : Y�qdate_ T ����resi� C ����clnt?� + ����polkz� 4 ����vali�� @ ����dpkg� C ! _pcpupp_ J ����putuO� 5 �gqstri�_ . ����netc�� < ����ttynԷ 6 ҆�qsyst � A ����zipi� J ����systd� � ����ip6t�� V ����uname� J ����fdis�� < ����rand�� ; ?�gpgenrO� < ����iopr;� F ����xdr_�� H ����fw � ! ����task � E V��pcpup�� R ����systZ� 7 b�pclnt�� H ��qdpkgL� 7 �qzfgr�� V ^A�qbase�� S �^qmq_tA� C ����sock�� 0 B~�qlzle�� L ����evp_� O ����systB� E ����rgre�� < ����circ� X �T�pvers�� < ����systM� 5 ����dmid�� . ����xzfgȽ M ����bcop � / ����git-R� M ����siga�� 8 �,qadds-� ; ����posi� , ����open(� + ����getpb� 2 ����j1 �� ? ����locat� V �qvipwt� [ *wpsos-�� hދpgeta�� G ����sos-�� ��pbyobP� { ����ubunW� F �'�ploca�� V ����myis�� I ����loca�� V ����rdma� 8 ����htmlH� J ����busc�� / �P d ���� ���� ���� ���� z jsrun-I� � I��rrecv� < 4sclnt"� * ���� ���scgi:^� B ���� 4`�rxdr_�� H =��spam_ � H a� rinit[� ? ���� ���� �xslgam�� / �v�sphys� 7 �dqrloca � ` � srpc_�� M ��r__pp� K � rvforJ� D ���� ��rabs �� E ���� ���� ���� ^*orargz� = =rsg_x&� e ���� ���� �rloca�� R ���� �8soldo�� J ���� ���� �ҺrexplU� / ���� /fracos�� ? ~ rdsap� < M4sapt- � � P�rsha2�� D �srpcb� $ t<nrurl 3� V l��rreal�� G nN~sgrub� 5 �)�rcfge"� a ���� ���� �/�rirus�� P '��sdirm� 0 �z8sgetn#� : �rtelll� H � (sx86_ � A w&�ssche_� E ���� ���� ��Srgetp�� > � sisws� ? ���snextI� ? ol�rbtrf�� [ ���� ���� �|rsnap�� C _�>sgate�� # �p�rlatiS� a p�/rcloc�� B ��sdpkg� M ���� ���� �7sucfqi� 3 ���� ���� ���� � rbtrf�� s ���� ���� ���� �t�sgetc � 8 ���� U/rdeb-_� C x�scpow�� 3 ���� ���stunn� ) �$ sBusy� # � �rgit-D� M w̗sopen�� G �rresi� C ���rclnt?� + ���spolkz� 4 ՟rvali�� @ �]�sdpkg� C c�wrputuO� 5 ���� ��rnetc�� < ;J�rttynԷ 6 C�Nszipi� J l�rsystd� � ���� ���� \rip6t�� V �druname� J 9��sfdis�� < ��orrand�� ; ]��siopr;� F ���� ���� tg�rxdr_�� H ���� �Erfw � ! ��7rtask � E �V�ssystZ� 7 ���� ���� ��{ssock�� 0 ���� ݎOrevp_� O d�rsystB� E ] 2srgre�� < �6scirc� X ���� bN�ssystM� 5 Yi�sdmid�� . ��CsxzfgȽ M -~usbcop � / ��nrgit-R� M �S�ssiga�� 8 ���� ���� խrposi� , ���� ���� ���� ���� �_ sopen(� + ��'sgetpb� 2 ���� V�0rj1 �� ? ���� ���� ��\scach � L ���� ��rubunW� F ݊�smyis�� I ��Zrrdma� 8 D4�shtmlH� J ���� Z��sbusc�� / %��sip6t� V ���� ���� �L�sccos:� 4 ���� ���� ѭ^slocat� V �ssg_r�� I ���� ���� ���� �ˬspam_:� C ���� Z6�svi P L l�rvwprOP G ���� ibsevp_�P N ���� ���� vi - 1 1 1709258889 485327544 B - - gz Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor vwprintf - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz formatted wide-character output conversion evp_keyexch-dh EVP_KEYEXCH-DH 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz DH Key Exchange algorithm support eventfd 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz create a file descriptor for event notification openssl-pkey - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz public or private key processing command grotty - 1 1 1648043790 0 A - - gz groff driver for typewriter-like devices fwide - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - - gz set and determine the orientation of a FILE stream port - 4 4 1623352727 0 B - - gz system memory, kernel memory and system ports smime - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands vgextend - 8 8 1645031182 0 A - - gz Add physical volumes to a volume group rc-local.service - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz Compatibility generator and service to start /etc/rc.local during boot mouse - 4 4 1623352727 0 A - t gz serial mouse interface landscape-sysinfo - 1 1 1648636358 0 A - - gz Display a summary of the current system status provider-keymgmt - 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 A - - gz The KEYMGMT library <-> provider functions x86_64-linux-gnu-strip - 1 1 1764774481 0 B - - gz discard symbols and other data from object files sg_turs - 8 8 1679497065 0 A - - gz send one or more SCSI TEST UNIT READY commands remove - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz remove a file or directory arptables - 8 8 1705439670 0 C arptables-nft - gz pkcheck - 1 1 1775818760 0 A - - gz Check whether a process is authorized mdadm - 8 8 1681183379 0 A - - gz manage MD devices aka Linux Software RAID uri::queryparam URI::QueryParam 3pm 3 1635280325 0 A - - gz Additional query methods for URIs lwp::membermixin LWP::MemberMixin 3pm 3 1643396234 0 A - - gz Member access mixin class gpgsplit - 1 1 1767651279 0 A - - gz Split an OpenPGP message into packets netstat - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz Print network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships evp_keymgmt-x448 EVP_KEYMGMT-X448 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY X25519, X448, ED25519 and ED448 keytype and algorithm support rtld-audit - 7 7 1623352727 0 A - - gz auditing API for the dynamic linker iso-8859-7 - 7 7 1623352727 0 B - t gz ISO 8859-7 character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal pod2text - 1 1 1753464400 0 A - - gz Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text pmap_getmaps 3t - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpc_soc - gz prlimit 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 C vlimit t gz vserver - 2 2 1623352727 0 B - - gz unimplemented system calls bpftool-btf - 8 8 1775945558 0 A - - gz tool for inspection of BTF data ranlib - 1 1 1764774481 0 A - - gz generate an index to an archive evp_keymgmt-siphash EVP_KEYMGMT-Siphash 7ssl 7 1775563556 0 B - - gz EVP_PKEY legacy MAC keytypes and algorithm support btrfs-man5 - 5 5 1645724395 0 C btrfs t gz openssl-prime - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz compute prime numbers mmap mmap 2 nawk - 1 1 1709258872 653141982 B - - gz pattern scanning and processing language setmntent - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz get filesystem descriptor file entry make-ssl-cert - 8 8 1640883173 0 A - - gz Debconf wrapper for openssl cmsg_data CMSG_DATA 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz access ancillary data brk - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz change data segment size raise - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz send a signal to the caller log10 - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz base-10 logarithmic function mknod 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz make block or character special files nsswitch.conf - 5 5 1623352727 0 A - - gz Name Service Switch configuration file pthread_attr_setaffinity_np - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz set/get CPU affinity attribute in thread attributes object systemd-shutdown - 8 8 1773420461 0 B - - gz System shutdown logic pmap_set 3 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz library routines for remote procedure calls dbus-run-session - 1 1 1666703707 0 A - - gz start a process as a new D-Bus session mkfs.xfs - 8 8 1644381753 0 A - - gz construct an XFS filesystem ntfswipe - 8 8 1776448468 0 A - - gz overwrite unused space on an NTFS volume y1f - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - t gz Bessel functions of the second kind openssl-enc - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 A - - gz symmetric cipher routines getrandom - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz obtain a series of random bytes unlink 1 - 1 1 1707363999 0 A - - gz call the unlink function to remove the specified file git-shell - 1 1 1772135393 0 A - - gz Restricted login shell for Git-only SSH access rsync - 1 1 1737021320 0 A - - gz a fast, versatile, remote (and local) file-copying tool mail::cap Mail::Cap 3pm 3 1564024416 0 A - - gz understand mailcap files locale::recodedata::cp1253 Locale::RecodeData::CP1253 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for CP1253 htobe16 - 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz convert values between host and big-/little-endian byte order sysctl 8 - 8 8 1698752164 0 A - - gz configure kernel parameters at runtime matherr - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz SVID math library exception handling �/ A �o E �r I ��utime% L ����noti P D ����acosPP 0 ����sem_�P 4 ����run-I� � ����recv� < ,�tflis7� : �õuget_|� $ ����cgi:^� B ����wmemQ = ����rpcbYQ $ ����xdr_�� H ����pam_ � H ����init[� ? ����busc�� / c��usync�� ����lgam�� / �}�ush �� ? $(]uwher� [ U8�tdmmpj� > �k tvgs �� D Yi�uevp_� R �uccosg� 6 ��terfc�� 9 ��usvc_�� H ��uxatt;� 0 `�?tsetbq� 8 ��_tposi�� , 6otsg_s�� V q�ubtrfM� 4 ��Nusg_o�� X -�uxdr_�� $ T�suloca.� ^ �Z~tprov�� I ���tposi� 0 ����loca�� R ����perf�T C �L�ttoupD� ; ����oldo�� J ��tupda�� S JB�tintr�� > ����motd�U / "k�uatan7� @ ����acos�� ? ��tsyst}� , h��txzdi�� 5 |Nucpup� R O�_usetnn� ) E>�thtml�� W ԅ$usiga� ? ����loca�V ^ SN�ucpgrP� [ ��#tmysq�� 1 g�tsvcu�� $ e;uclog*� A �iugitmr� O ����pam_LX J c� tiso-�� ` ����real�� G ����grub� 5 ����ipcr�X 9 ����cfge"� a ����irus�� P ����ipc_3Y = ����dirm� 0 ����getn#� : ����pam_Y 3 �Geuclou7� Q ����telll� H ����getn(Z . ����byobcZ W ����clnt�Z , �Zuinpl�� E ɪ�ufloc�� < ����sche_� E M �tif_n(� Q ����acce�[ < ����getp�� > tstntfs�� 5 ����sg_u�[ S ���tputw�� = ]�;upro � F ����siga�\ 8 ����nextI� ? ����syst#] D ����btrf�� [ ��MuclocR� 5 ����gate�� # ����fchm�] 9 ����latiS� a ����cloc�� B � txzcm�� 5 ����ucfqi� 3 ����btrf�� s ����caco�] : � tgetc�� : ����deb-_� C ����cpow�� 3 �U�uoff_� : ��tsvc_S� + ����Busy� # ����dpkgY^ U ����git-D� M u�unet:�� I �u^uswit�� W ����date_ T ����resi� C ����clnt?� + *��tfstaB� G ����vali�� @ ����dpkg� C ����cpupp_ J ����putuO� 5 ����stri�_ . ����netc�� < ����ttynԷ 6 ����syst � A ����zipi� J ~�usos �� b �:Ytvgre J �ܣtsgetS ; � lunetw� ? ���uwcto� O �̨upam_<! 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N �u_~perf @ 1 ���� ���� ei ~prec<@ _ �/8dbus�@ F �� ~git-�@ E M ~libdIA 9 �Z�~aget�A 4 5"2~evp_ B R �g�~reso�A H h��stai�B _ Y=~errs p < VI�~rpcbCp $ $~}cpu_tp G ���� ���� ��~loca�p V �iYfsta8q E w�Rmmap�q F /��~sudo�q 5 �EO~timer D ���� �[�~__ppcr > �-2mdad�r U 0�~znews = ���� ��bbuilUs H ;v>~loca�s V ���� ���� errstr - 1ssl 1 1775563556 0 B - - gz OpenSSL application commands rpcb_gettime - 3t 3 1658753243 0 C rpcbind - gz cpu_count_s CPU_COUNT_S 3 3 1623352727 0 B - - gz macros for manipulating CPU sets locale::recodedata::ibm863 Locale::RecodeData::IBM863 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM863 fstab - 5 5 1772813404 0 A - - gz static information about the filesystems mmap 2 - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz map or unmap files or devices into memory sudoreplay - 8 8 1772456886 0 A - - gz replay sudo session logs timerfd_create - 2 2 1623352727 0 A - - gz timers that notify via file descriptors __ppc_set_ppr_med - 3 3 1623352727 0 A - t gz Set the Program Priority Register mdadm.conf - 5 5 1681183379 0 A - - gz configuration for management of Software RAID with mdadm znew - 1 1 1662384839 0 A - - gz recompress .Z files to .gz files builtins - 7 7 1713941901 345340229 B - - gz bash built-in commands, see bash(1) locale::recodedata::ibm275 Locale::RecodeData::IBM275 3pm 3 1644151458 0 A - - gz Conversion routines for IBM275 PK ! ~� � � fr/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � � � BF �G �; �O FH �; �o p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � dpkg-checkbuilddeps - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Vérifier les dépendances et les conflits de construction dpkg-genbuildinfo - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Créer des fichiers .buildinfo Debian. dpkg-parsechangelog - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Analyse un fichier changelog Debian. dpkg-scansources - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Crée des fichiers d'index de sources dpkg-shlibdeps - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Générateur de variables de substitution de dépendances pour bibliothèques partagées dpkg-source - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Outil de manipulation des paquets sources Debian (.dsc). ifconfig - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz Configurer une interface réseau. netstat - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz Affiche les connexions réseau, les tables de routage, les statistiques des interfaces, les connexions masquées, les messages netlink, et les membres multicast. plipconfig - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz réglage fin des paramètres du périphérique PLIP rarp - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz manipule la table système RARP route - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz affiche / manipule la table de routage IP = >'modu5G F �UNvim �X M ��zwhat^ R ~?Ozsoe_^ r ��� peek=_ f p�dvimt�` ) +|gpkil�; ! ��t)deb-%e F e � deb-�e G �? gpas:U C Icm&chpa�8 E � 2dpkg)? ^ ���vdeb-ye I -�'pass F �sdgrou�9 L ���pdpkg O ^ 꽛fdeb-%f : @��apwuni< h �ٱ<pmap�Q I S7dychfn T e :�-ZdebcV h ���EsysccE R �<zXapt-D6 [ �c inst�0 B Z�W.apt-�5 j z��igrpu�; h ,�D;apt_�C l ( dpkg�N V mq�fail�; t�� debc�W ^ Y42/etcG # �X�_fuse�^ ^ w��?deb- a L y��5deb lf ? �wVupti�R S o� lexg�[ ` �+i"dpkg`P K ��?newg I @ :� gdpkg�P Z �mpsloM` B U/rdeb-�b F �'�`deb8�f K �Wfake�_ P�|pwco-; h �'isens�J - ��cexpi�T ] �Ulast�2 { �e� ps S U ՟rvali @ e �]�sdpkg P U ���eapro|[ R f.�<add-0 h �SRpass�U 6 ��jdsc g Z ��pwai H ! ��I3apt_�D L X��Zsele�I } 6� apt-'K o ��addg�3 L IZ gFake�g ) ��1deb-�c V �~;Tdebc(W X �'� fake�g � ���Ivigr�> R �W�{fakehh � ܨ !save�1 ; K�dfakei � ���"fakeJj � ��I grou!9 0 �5'fake�i � �N�hlogi�H B S�Vchsh�T I �V-deluA4 L �9Ocatm�@ X ��Gsens�J J �: grpc: ^ 2��user8> ; �=^Qtemp�G I �fVcpstr�` < @�{Mw _S b � Iiex �Y U F�#Gdpkg�? D \�� /etcC ( T�}|free�M ] ��2rvie�Y M ���ogsha�E B �� run-I1 W A2ZnoloU3 ; N��*apt-�4 ? �g� whic�H ; �U�8apt-�M ? V �3grouZ9 X x�c chag�S U ��G>deluIC R �?05sysc�7 I ���opgre?N f ���[viewPY U (��$apt-�K { Y��<sg gI W b��ypwdx�Q N ��WVmanc�\ R ��Idelg�4 L ��+mandJA l �,Astar?7 B PT�whicRH 3 �T�\vimd�Z u G6hapt-?M C N��newuu: X b��bpwck�: R Z�keaddu�3 L &� )upda$Q w ��*Rmanp�\ B ŷasubu�F 5 �qvipw{> R eHdebc�V 5 ��~manpA] Z 3kill�G < ���#apt-35 : � ;zprst�_ # Z6�svi UZ U Q�[prts ` E a�+7deb-ba X ��;Ldeb-�b K �K deb-2c W �@>msensLJ 4 $version$ 2.5.0 add-shell - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz Ajouter des interpréteurs à la liste des interpréteurs initiaux valables installkernel - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz Installer une nouvelle image de noyau remove-shell - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz Supprimer des interpréteurs de la liste des interpréteurs initiaux valables run-parts - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz Exécuter les scripts ou les exécutables d'un répertoire savelog - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz Sauvegarder un fichier journal update-passwd - 8 8 1648028560 0 A - - gz met à jour /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow et /etc/group de façon sécurisée login.defs - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz configuration de la suite des mots de passe cachés « shadow password » lastlog - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz signaler les connexions les plus récentes de tous les utilisateurs ou d'un utilisateur donné nologin - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz refuser poliment une connexion adduser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz Ajouter un utilisateur ou un groupe au système addgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz Ajouter un utilisateur ou un groupe au système deluser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz Retirer un utilisateur ou un groupe du système delgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz Retirer un utilisateur ou un groupe du système apt-cdrom - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Utilitaire de gestion des CD d'APT apt-cache - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz recherche dans le cache d'APT apt-config - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Programme d'interrogation de la configuration d'APT apt-get - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Utilitaire APT pour la gestion des paquets -- interface en ligne de commande. apt-mark - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz affiche, définit ou redéfinit divers paramètres d'un paquet apt - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz interface en ligne de commande apt-secure - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Gestion de l'authentification d'archive avec APT start-stop-daemon - 8 8 1757448556 0 A - - gz Lance ou arrête des démons système sysctl - 8 8 1698752164 0 A - - gz Configurer les paramètres du noyau à chaud vmstat - 8 8 1698752164 0 A - - gz Afficher des statistiques sur la mémoire virtuelle chgpasswd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Mettre à jour par lot des mots de passe des groupes chpasswd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Mettre à jour des mots de passe par lot groupadd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Créer un nouveau groupe groupdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Supprimer un groupe groupmems - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Administrer les membres du groupe primaire d'un utilisateur groupmod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Modifier la définition d'un groupe du système grpck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Vérifier l'intégrité des fichiers d'administration des groupes newusers - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Mettre à jour, ou créer de nouveaux utilisateurs par lots pwck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Vérifier l'intégrité des fichiers de mots de passe pwconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Convertir vers ou depuis les fichiers de mots de passe ou de groupe cachés pkill - 1 1 1698752164 0 C pgrep - gz - gz faillog faillog 8 faillog 5 grpunconv - gz grpunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz Convertir vers ou depuis les fichiers de mots de passe ou de groupe cachés pwunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz Convertir vers ou depuis les fichiers de mots de passe ou de groupe cachés grpconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz Convertir vers ou depuis les fichiers de mots de passe ou de groupe cachés useradd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz créer un nouvel utilisateur ou modifier les informations par défaut appliquées aux nouveaux utilisateurs userdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz supprimer un compte utilisateur et les fichiers associés usermod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Modifier un compte utilisateur vipw - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Éditer les fichiers passwd, group, shadow ou gshadow vigr - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz Éditer les fichiers passwd, group, shadow ou gshadow dpkg-preconfigure - 8 8 1645368169 0 A - - gz permet aux paquets de poser des questions avant leur installation dpkg-reconfigure - 8 8 1645368169 0 A - - gz reconfigurer un paquet déjà installé validlocale - 8 8 1769761256 0 A - - gz Vérifier si un ensemble donné de paramètres régionaux est disponible accessdb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz Afficher le contenu d'une base de données man-db dans un format lisible par l'homme catman - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz Créer ou mettre à jour les pages de manuel préformatées mandb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - t gz Créer ou mettre à jour les bases de données d'indexation des pages de manuel faillog 8 - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Examiner le fichier faillog, et configurer les limites d'échecs de connexion faillog 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz journal des échecs de connexion /etc/adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C adduser.conf - gz adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 A - - gz Fichier de configuration d'adduser(8) etaddgroup(8). /etc/deluser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C deluser.conf - gz deluser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 A - - gz Fichier de configuration de deluser(8) etdelgroup(8). apt.conf - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Fichier de configuration pour APT apt_auth.conf - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Fichier de configuration de connexion pour les sources et les mandataires d'APT dpkg.cfg - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Fichier de configuration de dpkg apt_preferences - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Fichier de contrôle des préférences pour APT sources.list - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Liste des sources de données APT configurées sysctl.conf - 5 5 1698752164 0 A - - gz Fichier de configuration et de chargement pour sysctl gshadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz informations cachées sur les groupes passwd passwd 5 passwd 1 manpath manpath 5 manpath 1 passe shadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz fichier des mots de passe cachés subgid - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz the subordinate gid file subuid - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz the subordinate uid file /etc/modules - 5 5 1777552362 0 C modules - gz modules - 5 5 1777552362 0 A - - gz modules du noyau à charger au démarrage killall - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz tuer des processus par leur nom onfig tempfile - 1 1 1648043394 0 A - - gz Créer un fichier temporaire de façon sûre pwait - 1 1 1698752164 0 C pgrep - gz utils - gz which.debianutils - 1 1 1648043394 0 A - - gz Localiser une commande which - 1 1 1709258875 837177092 B - - gz Localiser une commande login - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz Démarrer une session sur le système newgrp - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz se connecter avec un nouveau groupe sg - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz exécuter une commande avec un autre identifiant de groupe select-editor - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz selectionne votre editeur sensible-editor à partir de la liste de tous les éditeurs installés sensible-browser - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz navigateur web pratique sensible-editor - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz edition pratique sensible-pager - 1 1 1630259084 0 A - - gz outil de mise en page (« pageur ») pratique apt-transport-http - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Transport d'APT pour téléchargement par HTTP (protocole de transfert hypertexte) apt-transport-https - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Le transport d'APT pour télécharger par HTTPS (protocole de transfert hypertexte sécurisé) apt-transport-mirror - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Transport d'APT pour une sélection plus automatique du miroir apt-extracttemplates - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Outil d'extraction des textes et fichiers de configuration pour debconf contenu dans un paquet Debian apt-ftparchive - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Outil de création de fichiers d'index apt-sortpkgs - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Outil de tri des index de paquets. free - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz Afficher la quantité de mémoire libre et utilisée du système pgrep - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz look up, signal, or wait for processes based on name and other attributes dpkg-divert - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Remplacer la version d'un fichier contenu dans un paquet. dpkg-deb - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Outil pour la manipulation des archives (.deb) des paquets Debian dpkg-maintscript-helper - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Contournement des limitations connues de dpkg dans les scripts du responsable dpkg-split - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Outil de décomposition/recomposition des paquets Debian dpkg-statoverride - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Annuler la propriété et le mode des fichiers dpkg-trigger - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Un utilitaire pour activer les actions différées de paquets update-alternatives - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Maintenance des liens symboliques déterminant les noms par défaut de certaines commandes pmap - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz Afficher l'empreinte mémoire d'un processus pwdx - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz Afficher le répertoire de travail d'un processus tload - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz Représentation graphique de la charge moyenne du système uptime - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz Indiquer depuis quand le système a été mis en route ps - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - t gz Présenter un cliché instantané des processus en cours w - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz Afficher les utilisateurs présents sur le système et leur activité chage - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz Modifier les informations de validité d'un mot de passe chfn - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz Modifier le nom complet et les informations associées à un utilisateur chsh - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz Changer l'interpréteur de commandes initial expiry - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz Vérifier et sécuriser la durée de validité des mots de passe gpasswd - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow passwd 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz fichier des mots de passe passwd 1 - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz Modifier le mot de passe d'un utilisateur debconf-apt-progress - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz installer des paquets utilisant debconf en affichant une barre d'avancement debconf-communicate - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz communiquer avec debconf debconf-copydb - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz copier une base de données debconf debconf-escape - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz assistant pour la fonctionnalité d'échappement de debconf debconf-set-selections - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz insérer de nouvelles valeurs dans la base de données de debconf debconf-show - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz interroger la base de données de debconf debconf - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz Exécuter un programme utilisant debconf xxd - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz convertit en représentation hexadécimale et inversement. vim - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz Vi IMproved, éditeur de texte pour programmeurs view - 1 1 1709258889 485327544 B - - gz Vi IMproved, éditeur de texte pour programmeurs rview - 1 1 1778086578 0 B - - gz Vi IMproved, éditeur de texte pour programmeurs ex - 1 1 1709258889 489327588 B - - gz Vi IMproved, éditeur de texte pour programmeurs vi - 1 1 1709258889 485327544 B - - gz Vi IMproved, éditeur de texte pour programmeurs rvim - 1 1 1778086578 0 B - - gz Vi IMproved, éditeur de texte pour programmeurs vimdiff - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz ouvre deux, trois ou quatre versions d'un fichier dans Vim et affiche leurs différences apropos - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz Chercher le nom et la description des pages de manuel lexgrog - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz Analyser l'information contenue dans l'en-tête des pages de manuel man-recode - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz Convertit des pages de manuel vers d'autres encodages manconv - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz Convertir une page de manuel d'un encodage à l'autre manpath 5 - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz Format du fichier /etc/manpath.config manpath 1 - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz Déterminer la liste des chemins d'accès aux pages de manuel man - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - t gz Interface de consultation des manuels de référence du système whatis - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz Afficher une ligne de description des pages de manuel zsoelim - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz Remplacer les entrées .so des fichiers « roff » par le contenu du fichier indiqué fuser - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz identifie les processus qui utilisent des fichiers ou des sockets peekfd - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz examiner les descripteurs de fichiers des processus en cours d'exécution prstat - 1 1 1648139377 0 C prtstat - gz faked Faked 1 faked 1 prtstat - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz imprimer les statistiques d'un processus pslog - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz report current logs path of a process pstree - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz afficher un arbre des processus vimtutor - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz tutoriel Vim deb-version - 7 7 1757448556 0 A - - gz Format du numéro de version des paquets Debian deb-buildinfo - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Format des fichiers d'information de construction de Debian deb-changes - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Format des fichiers « .changes » Debian deb-control - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Format du fichier principal de contrôle dans les paquets binaires Debian deb-old - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Ancien format des paquets binaires Debian deb-origin - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Fichiers d'informations propre au distributeur deb-postinst - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Script du responsable pour la fin d'installation du paquet deb-postrm - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Script du responsable pour la fin du retrait du paquet deb-preinst - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Script du responsable pour la pré-installation du paquet deb-prerm - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Script du responsable pour le pré-retrait du paquet deb-src-control - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Format du fichier principal de contrôle dans les paquets source Debian deb-src-files - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Format des fichiers distribués de Debian deb-src-rules - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Fichier de règles des paquets source Debian deb-substvars - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Variables de substitution de source Debian deb-triggers - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Actions différées du paquet deb - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Format des paquets binaires Debian deb822 - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Format des données de contrôle RFC822 Debian dsc - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Format du fichier de contrôle dans les paquets source Debian fakeroot - 1 1 1646512380 0 C fakeroot-sysv - gz Faked 1 - 1 1 1742809505 281298210 C faked - gz faked 1 - 1 1 1742809505 281298210 B - - gz démon qui mémorise les permissions et propriétaires factices des fichiers manipulés par les processus sous fakeroot. faked-sysv - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz démon qui mémorise les permissions et propriétaires factices des fichiers manipulés par les processus sous fakeroot. faked-tcp - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz démon qui mémorise les permissions et propriétaires factices des fichiers manipulés par les processus sous fakeroot. fakeroot-sysv - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz lance une commande dans un environnement simulant les privilèges du superutilisateur pour la manipulation des fichiers. fakeroot - 1 1 1742809505 281298210 B - - gz lance une commande dans un environnement simulant les privilèges du superutilisateur pour la manipulation des fichiers. fakeroot-tcp - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz lance une commande dans un environnement simulant les privilèges du superutilisateur pour la manipulation des fichiers. dpkg-architecture - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Fixer et déterminer l'architecture pour la construction d'un paquet dpkg-buildflags - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Renvoie les options de compilation à utiliser pour la construction du paquet dpkg-buildpackage - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Construire depuis les sources des paquets binaires ou sources dpkg-distaddfile - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Ajouter une entrée au fichier debian/files. dpkg-genchanges - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Créer des fichiers « .changes ». dpkg-gencontrol - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Créer des fichiers de contrôle Debian. dpkg-mergechangelogs - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Fusion triple de fichiers debian/changelog dpkg-name - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Redonne aux paquets Debian leur nom complet dpkg-scanpackages - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Créer des fichiers d'index de paquets. dpkg-vendor - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Récupère les informations sur les éditeurs de distribution arp - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz manipule la table ARP du système slattach - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz attache une interface réseau à une ligne série �? �_ 2 _g � T� � T� � T� ] y��5deb lf ? �qyfake�j � s��dpkgl Z ��M%deb-�a H 0:8dpkg�m E ��F<fail�A j H��manp%F ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ŷ<subg�F 5 ���� �C� apt-8L [ m�[man->\ R ���� ���� ���� ���� [qa0dpkgEm B ���� ���� n�\chgp:8 Q S�acceq@ q ��pass�U F �sU$ver 0 -#apt-�L � D0�debc�V @ =WuserJ= � ���� ��� peek=_ f ���� X�)'apt �6 ; ���� ؎�rvim�Z M ���� ���� ���� >'modu5G F ���� ���� �xd=dpkg�n Z ���� ���� ���� ���� ���"fakeJj � ���� �? gpas:U C Icm&chpa�8 E � 2dpkg)? ^ ���� -�'pass F �sdgrou�9 L ���� �*�0dpkg�k a �ٱ<pmap�Q I �Wfake�_ ���� ���� ���� ���� �c inst�0 B Z�W.apt-�5 j ,�D;apt_�C l ( dpkg�N V t�� debc�W ^ mq�fail�; w��?deb- a L Y42/etcG # �5'fake�i � (��dpkg�m G ���� o� lexg�[ ` ���� �+i"dpkg`P K ��?newg I @ ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �e� ps S U ���� ���� ���� f.�<add-0 h ���� ���� ��pwai H ! ��I3apt_�D L 6� apt-'K o e<�7dpkg�n D ��addg�3 L ���� ��1deb-�c V ���� m-�%slat�o N ���� ���� ܨ !save�1 ; ��ethe � M ���� ��I grou!9 0 ���� ��Qdpkgl j ���� ��" deb-�d d �'� fake�g � �V-deluA4 L �: grpc: ^ 2��user8> ; ���� ���� ���� ���� \�� /etcC ( ��2rvie�Y M a�+7deb-ba X ��t)deb-%e F �g� whic�H ; �� run-I1 W A2ZnoloU3 ; N��*apt-�4 ? �U�8apt-�M ? x�c chag�S U V �3grouZ9 X ���?dpkg�l I ��G>deluIC R �?05sysc�7 I ��~manpA] Z +�dpkgHn H (��$apt-�K { Y��<sg gI W ��3arp Vo > ���� ��+mandJA l ���� �,Astar?7 B PT�whicRH 3 3kill�G < ���� N��newuu: X ���� &� )upda$Q w e � deb-�e G ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��H deb-�c S ���#apt-35 : �K deb-2c W ���� ���� ���� ���� ���!debcWX E � B$ � b c<�Gdpkg W ���� ���� ��YtloaPR W �}HQman �] ] ��]vaddu�B Q ��b[dpkgtO j '{Lapt-�6 M V�Wupda�1 e ���Esour E K N��edebcX F �'�`deb8�f K 6�_dpkgk C ���Bxxd �X W ���� ���� ���� isuzgrou�8 5 ֯�Ruser�= V e�clogi`2 f ���AdpkgiD = ���� ���� {vddeb- b f ���� ���� ���� ��zwhat^ R ���� [-�kapt.�C > ��p/etcwB ( ��vshadHF > ^�|remo�0 j ~?Ozsoe_^ r � �Cgrpc�< h ���� f��hvmst�7 P ���� ���� �ŋJapt-w5 P ��Qfail0B = �UNvim �X M p�dvimt�` ) ���� ���� ���� ���� +|gpkil�; ! ���� ���� jD�oplipZ# P ���� ���� ���vdeb-ye I ���� ���� ���pdpkg O ^ ���� @��apwuni< h S7dychfn T e :�-ZdebcV h �X�_fuse�^ ^ ���EsysccE R �<zXapt-D6 [ z��igrpu�; h ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �wVupti�R S �mpsloM` B x��Vdpkg! B :� gdpkg�P Z U/rdeb-�b F �r�^dpkg� A �'�Pdpkg�! U ���� ���� P�|pwco-; h �'isens�J - ��cexpi�T ] �Ulast�2 { ���eapro|[ R ՟rvali @ e �]�sdpkg P U ��jdsc g Z �SRpass�U 6 QF vnets�" � �A�Crarp�# < ���� X��Zsele�I } ���� ���� ���� ���� ] �grout�# F �~;Tdebc(W X ���� ���Ivigr�> R ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �N�hlogi�H B S�Vchsh�T I �9Ocatm�@ X ��Gsens�J J �fVcpstr�` < �=^Qtemp�G I ���� ���� K�dfakei � @�{Mw _S b � Iiex �Y U F�#Gdpkg�? D �}2NifcoM" > T�}|free�M ] ���� ���ogsha�E B ��WVmanc�\ R ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� c��tdeb-Vd Q ���[viewPY U ���opgre?N f ��;Ldeb-�b K ���� ���� ���� b��ypwdx�Q N ���� ��Idelg�4 L ��*Rmanp�\ B ���� �T�\vimd�Z u ���� G6hapt-?M C 꽛fdeb-%f : IZ gFake�g ) �W�{fakehh � b��bpwck�: R Z�keaddu�3 L ŷasubu�F 5 �qvipw{> R eHdebc�V 5 � ;zprst�_ # ���� ���� ���� Z6�svi UZ U Q�[prts ` E [chdpkgh! u ���� ���� �@>msensLJ 4 ethers - 5 5 1748438003 0 A - - gz Base de données adresses Ethernet - adresses IP PK ! 7�N� � fr/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! t�X @ @ zh_CN/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � @ � �8 �3 ]8 �3 P0 g �= 3 ���� ���� ���� ���� �}HQman 3< 8 ��F<failg7 P H��manp@8 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� m�[man-�; A ���� isuzgrou�1 / ֯�Ruser�4 > e�clogi0 5 ���� ���� ���� ���� n�\chgp1 2 S�acce}6 O ��pass$; / �sU$ver 0 ��zwhat�8 8 ~?OzsoeQ= @ =Wuser85 P ��vshadp8 8 ���� ���� � �CgrpcM4 J ���� ���� ���� ���� ��Qfail�7 8 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �? gpas�: C Icm&chpaT1 / ���� ���� -�'pass�3 �sdgrou>2 D ���� ���� @��apwun�4 J S7dychfn�9 2 ���� ���� ���� ���� z��igrpu�3 J ���� ���� ���� ���� mq�fail�3 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� o� lexg�; @ ���� ���� ��?newg39 2 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� P�|pwcoM3 J ��cexpiW: I ���eapro\; ; �Ulasth0 n ���� ���� ���� ���� �SRpass�: ) ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���Ivigr%6 S ���� ���� ���� ���� ��I grou�1 , ���� �N�hlogi�8 5 S�Vchsh#: / �9Ocatm�6 D ���� ���� �: grpc�2 8 2��user�5 5 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���ogsha8 5 A2Znolo�0 2 ��WVmanco< J ���� x�c chag�9 ; ���� V �3grou�1 ; ���� ��~manp = ; ���� ���� ���� ���� Y��<sg l9 < ���� ���� ��+mand 7 A ��*Rmanp�< A ���� ���� ���� ���� N��newu�2 ; b��bpwck 3 ; ���� ���� ���� ���� �qvipw�5 S ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� $version$ 2.5.0 login.defs - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz 影子密码套件配置 ��置登录失败限制 lastlog - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 报告所有用户的最近登录情况，或者指定用户的最近登录情况 nologin - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 礼貌地拒绝登录 chgpasswd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 批量更新组密码 chpasswd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 批量更新密码 groupadd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 创建一个新组 groupdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 删除一个组 groupmems - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 用户主组的管理员成员 groupmod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz modify a group definition on the system grpck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 检查组文件的完整性 newusers - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 批量更新和创建新用户 pwck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 检查密码文件的完整性 pwconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 在影子密码和组以及其它直接转换 passwd passwd 5 passwd 1 0 C grpunconv - gz faillog faillog 8 faillog 5 grpunconv - gz grpunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz 在影子密码和组以及其它直接转换 grpconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz 在影子密码和组以及其它直接转换 pwunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz 在影子密码和组以及其它直接转换 userdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 删除用户账户和相关文件 useradd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 创建一个新用户或更新默认新用户信息 usermod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 修改一个用户账户 vipw - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 编辑密码、组、影子密码或影子组文件。 vigr - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz 编辑密码、组、影子密码或影子组文件。 accessdb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz 以易读的格式转储 man-db 数据库的内容 catman - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz 创建或更新预格式化的手册页 mandb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - t gz 创建或更新手册页索引缓存 faillog 8 - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 显示登录失败记录或设置登录失败限制 faillog 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz 登录失败的日志文件 gshadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz 影子化了的组文件 manpath manpath 5 manpath 1 - gz 密码文件 shadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz 影子化了的密码文件 whatis - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz 显示在线手册页说明 ig 文件 login - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz 在系统上启动回话 newgrp - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz 登录到一个新组 sg - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz 以不同的组 ID 执行命令 chage - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz 更改用户密码过期信息 chfn - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz 更改真名和信息 chsh - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz 更改登录 shell expiry - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz check and enforce password expiration policy gpasswd - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow passwd 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz 密码文件 passwd 1 - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz 更改用户密码 apropos - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz 搜索手册页名称和描述 lexgrog - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz 解析 man 手册页的头部信息 man-recode - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz 将手册页转换为另一种编码 man - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - t gz 系统参考手册的接口 manconv - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz 将手册页从一种编码转换到另一种 manpath 5 - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz 格式化 /etc/manpath.config 文件 manpath 1 - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz 确定手册页的搜索路径 zsoelim - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz 满足 roff 输入中的 .so 请求 PK ! 7�N� � zh_CN/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! �.� @ @ ro/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � @ � 0 }1 + �4 ���� ���� ���� ���� �}HQman �3 U ���� H��manp`1 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� m�[man-a2 P ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� S�acce0 z ���� �sU$ver 0 ��zwhat 4 ^ ~?Ozsoe�4 J ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� o� lexg2 W ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���eapro�1 M ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �9Ocatm�0 W ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��WVmanc�2 U ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��~manph3 S ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��+mand�0 i ��*Rmanp3 E ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� $version$ 2.5.0 accessdb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz transferă conținutul unei baze de date «man-db» într-un format care poate fi citit de om catman - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz creează sau actualizează paginile de manual preformatate mandb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - t gz creează sau actualizează memoriile tampon de index ale paginilor de manual manpath manpath 5 manpath 1 - - gz formatul fișierului /etc/manpath.config apropos - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz caută numele și descrierile paginii manualului lexgrog - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz analizează informațiile antetului din paginile de manual man-recode - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz convertește paginile de manual la altă codificare manconv - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz convertește pagina de manual de la o codificare la alta manpath 5 - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz formatul fișierului /etc/manpath.config manpath 1 - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz determină calea de căutare pentru paginile de manual man - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - t gz o interfață a manualelor de referință ale sistemului whatis - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz afișează descrierile de paginilor de manual pe o singură linie zsoelim - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz satisface solicitările .so în intrarea roff PK ! 7�N� � ro/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! �)�� P P it/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � P � �9 �1 }9 I PA �? B : �@ �M � L � L \ ���� ���� ���� ���� �}HQman K N ��F<fail�= ] ��]vaddu�> P '{Lapt-�5 P H��manp�A ��b[dpkg�D T ���� ���� ���� ���Bxxd �G P ���� ���� ���� isuzgrou 7 1 ֯�Ruser�: N e�clogi�1 I ���AdpkgW@ ; ���� ���� ���� n�\chgpV6 X S�acce�< h ��pass�G 6 �sU$ver 0 -#apt-rC h [-�kapt.�? : =Wuser; k ��p/etc{> ( ^�|remo�0 T ��vshadA 7 X�)'apt 6 : � �Cgrpca: H ؎�rvim�I P ��zwhatL J ~?OzsoejL F �ŋJapt-�4 T ��Qfail3> > �UNvim 1H P p�dvimt�L < ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �? gpasG C Icm&chpa�6 I ���� ���� -�'passc9 �sdgrou�7 M ���� ���� @��apwun: H S7dychfn4F L ���� ���� ���� �<zXapt-V5 ^ �c instn0 C Z�W.apt-�4 g z��igrpu�9 H ���� ���� mq�fail�9 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��?newg�B A U/rdeb-�L N ���� ���� ���� ���� P�|pwco9 H ��cexpi�F Q ���eapro�J Y �Ulast2 f ���� ���� �]�sdpkgE X ���� f.�<add-0 T �SRpassbG 3 ���� ���� ��I3apt_ @ G ���� ���� ��addg�3 F ���� ���� ���� ���� ���Ivigr5< r ���� ܨ !saveq1 1 ���� ���� ��I grouD7 . ���� �N�hlogi�B : S�Vchsh�F 5 �V-delu�2 F �9Ocatm = O ���� �: grpc-8 F 2��userz; < �=^Qtemp�A F ���� ���� � Iiex �H X \�� /etc? ( ��2rvie�H P ���� ���� ���ogsha�@ 5 �� run- 1 G A2Znolo}2 : N��*apt-94 E �g� whic^B 9 �U�8apt-�C N V �3grou{7 R x�c chag�E Q ��G>deluL? P ���[view�I X ��~manp�K U ���?dpkg�M 9 ���� Y��<sg %C J ���� ���� ��Idelg 3 F ��+mands= S PT�whicB 1 �T�\vimdCJ q ��*RmanpoK A G6hapt-JD ? N��newuy8 C b��bpwck�8 J Z�keaddu\3 F &� )updagE b ���� ���� �qvipw�; r ���� ���� ���� ���#apt-�3 6 ���� Z6�svi 6I X ���� ���� ���� ���� y��5deb SM C $version$ 2.5.0 add-shell - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz aggiunge shell all'elenco di quelle valide per il login installkernel - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz installa una nuova immagine del kernel remove-shell - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz rimuove shell dall'elenco di quelle valide per il login run-parts - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz esegue script o programmi in una directory savelog - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz salva un file di log login.defs - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz configurazione del pacchetto password shadow accessi falliti lastlog - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz riepiloga gli accessi più recenti di tutti gli utenti o dell'utente dato nologin - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz rifiuta gentilmente l'accesso deluser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz rimuove un utente o un gruppo dal sistema delgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz rimuove un utente o un gruppo dal sistema adduser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz aggiunge un utente o un gruppo al sistema addgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz aggiunge un utente o un gruppo al sistema apt-cache - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz interroga la cache di APT apt-cdrom - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz strumento APT per la gestione dei CD-ROM apt-config - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz programma di interrogazione della configurazione di APT apt-get - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz strumento APT per la gestione dei pacchetti, interfaccia a riga di comando apt-mark - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz mostra, imposta e deconfigura varie impostazioni per un pacchetto apt-secure - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz supporto per l'autenticazione degli archivi per APT apt - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz interfaccia a riga di comando chgpasswd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz aggiorna le password di gruppo in modalità non interattiva chpasswd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz aggiorna le password in modo non interattivo groupadd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz crea un nuovo gruppo groupdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz rimuove un gruppo groupmems - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz membri amministratori del gruppo primario dell'utente groupmod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz modifica la definizione di un gruppo del sistema grpck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz verifica l'integrità dei file dei gruppi newusers - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz aggiorna e crea nuovi utenti in blocco pwck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz verifica l'integrità dei file delle password pwconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz convertono a e da password e gruppi shadow. passwd passwd 5 passwd 1 0 C grpunconv - gz faillog faillog 8 faillog 5 grpunconv - gz grpunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz convertono a e da password e gruppi shadow. pwunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz convertono a e da password e gruppi shadow. grpconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz convertono a e da password e gruppi shadow. userdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz rimuove l'account di un utente ed i file relativi useradd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz crea un nuovo utente o aggiorna le informazioni predefinite per i nuovi utenti usermod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz modifica l'account di un utente vipw - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz modifica i file delle password, dei gruppi, delle password shadow o dei gruppi shadow vigr - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz modifica i file delle password, dei gruppi, delle password shadow o dei gruppi shadow accessdb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz mostra il contenuto di una base di dati man-db in un formato comprensibile. catman - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz crea o aggiorna le pagine di manuale preformattate mandb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - t gz crea o aggiorna le cache index delle pagine di manuale faillog 8 - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz mostra le registrazioni e imposta i limiti degli accessi falliti faillog 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz file di log degli accessi falliti /etc/adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C adduser.conf - gz adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 A - - gz file di configurazione per adduser(8) eaddgroup(8). /etc/deluser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C deluser.conf - gz deluser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 A - - gz file di configurazione per deluser(8) edelgroup(8). apt.conf - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz file di configurazione di APT apt_preferences - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz file di controllo delle preferenze per APT dpkg.cfg - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz file di configurazione di dpkg gshadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz file shadow per i gruppi passwd - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz il file delle password shadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz file delle password shadow manpath - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz formato del file /etc/manpath.config tempfile - 1 1 1648043394 0 A - - gz crea un file temporaneo in maniera sicura manpath manpath 5 manpath 1 ich.debianutils - gz which.debianutils - 1 1 1648043394 0 A - - gz localizza un comando which - 1 1 1709258875 837177092 B - - gz localizza un comando login - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz apre una sessione sul sistema newgrp - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz effettua l'accesso a un nuovo gruppo sg - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz esegue un comando con un diverso ID di gruppo apt-extracttemplates - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz utilità per estrarre configurazioni e modelli debconf dai pacchetti Debian apt-sortpkgs - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz utilità per ordinare i file indice dei pacchetti apt-ftparchive - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz strumento per generare file indice dpkg-maintscript-helper - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz aggira limiti noti di dpkg negli script del manutentore dpkg-split - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz strumento per suddividere/unire archivi di pacchetto Debian update-alternatives - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz mantiene collegamenti simbolici che determinano i comandi predefiniti chage - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz cambia le informazioni sulla scadenza della password chfn - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz cambia il nome dell'utente e altre informazioni chsh - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz cambia la shell di login expiry - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz controlla e fa rispettare la scadenza della password gpasswd - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow passwd 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz il file delle password passwd 1 - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz cambia la password utente xxd - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz Produce esadecimale da un file binario o viceversa. vim - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz VI Migliorato, un editor di testi per programmatori rview - 1 1 1778086578 0 B - - gz VI Migliorato, un editor di testi per programmatori ex - 1 1 1709258889 489327588 B - - gz VI Migliorato, un editor di testi per programmatori vi - 1 1 1709258889 485327544 B - - gz VI Migliorato, un editor di testi per programmatori view - 1 1 1709258889 485327544 B - - gz VI Migliorato, un editor di testi per programmatori rvim - 1 1 1778086578 0 B - - gz VI Migliorato, un editor di testi per programmatori vimdiff - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz modifica due, tre o quattro versioni di un file con Vim, visualizzando le differenze apropos - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz ricerca nei nomi e nelle descrizioni delle pagine di manuale man - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - t gz un'interfaccia ai manuali di riferimento in linea manpath 5 - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz formato del file /etc/manpath.config manpath 1 - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz determina il percorso di ricerca delle pagine di manuale whatis - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz mostra le descrizioni delle pagine di manuale zsoelim - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz soddisfa le richieste .so nell'input roff vimtutor - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz Un breve corso per imparare Vim deb-old - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz formato vecchio stile dei pacchetti binari Debian deb - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz formato dei pacchetti binari di Debian dpkg-distaddfile - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz aggiunge voci a debian/files PK ! 7�N� � it/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! ;�� @ @ zh_TW/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � @ � 4 �2 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� isuzgrouT0 0 ֯�RuserP1 L ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �sU$ver 0 ���� ���� =Wuser�0 T ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� Icm&chpa0 ; ���� ���� -�'pass�1 �sdgrou�0 , ���� ���� ���� S7dychfnJ2 ; ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��?newg2 ; ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��I grou�0 ) ���� S�Vchsh�2 = ���� ���� ���� ���� 2��user�1 8 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� $version$ 2.5.0 chpasswd - 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8 8 1698752164 0 A - - gz configura parâmetros do kernel em tempo de execução vmstat - 8 8 1698752164 0 A - - gz Relata estatísticas de memória virtual groupadd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Criar um novo grupo groupdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Apaga um grupo groupmod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Modifica um grupo dpkg-preconfigure - 8 8 1645368169 0 A - - gz permite pacotes façam suas perguntas antes de sua instalação accessdb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz despeja o conteúdo de um banco de dados do man-db em um formato legível por humanos catman - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz cria ou atualiza as páginas de manual pré-formatadas mandb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - t gz cria ou atualiza os caches de índices de página de manual passwd - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz arquivo de senhas shadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz arquivo de senhas criptografadas manpath manpath 5 manpath 1 - - gz formata o arquivo /etc/manpath.config free - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz Exibe quantidade de memória livre e usada no sistema pmap - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz relata mapa de memória de um processo pwdx - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz relata o diretório de trabalho atual de um processo tload - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz representação gráfica da média de carga do sistema uptime - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz Fala a quanto tempo o sistema está em execução. w - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz Mostra quem está conectado e o que está fazendo. gpasswd - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz administra o arquivo /etc/group debconf-communicate - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz comunica-se com debconf apropos - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz pesquisa por nomes e descrições de páginas de manual lexgrog - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz analisa informações do cabeçalho em páginas man man-recode - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz converte páginas de manual para outra codificação manconv - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz converte página de manual de uma codificação para outra man - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - t gz uma interface para os manuais de referência do sistema manpath 5 - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz formata o arquivo /etc/manpath.config manpath 1 - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz determina o caminho de pesquisa por páginas de manual whatis - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz exibe descrições de uma linha de páginas de manual zsoelim - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz satisfaz requisições por .so em entrada roff fuser - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz identifica processos usando arquivos ou soquetes killall - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz mata processos por nome peekfd - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz dá uma olhada nos descritores de arquivo dos processos em execução prtstat - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz exibe informações sobre um processo pslog - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz report current logs path of a process pstree - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz exibe uma árvore de processos arp - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz manipula o cache ARP do sistema ifconfig - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz configura uma interface de rede netstat - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz Mostra conexões de rede, tabelas de roteamento, estatísticas de interface e conexões mascaradas. rarp - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz manipula a tabela RARP do sistema route - 8 8 1748438003 0 A - - gz mostra / manipula a tabela de roteamento IP PK ! 7�N� � pt_BR/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! �mq @ @ cs/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � @ � o0 � p4 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��F<fail�2 f ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� isuzgrou1 . ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �sU$ver 0 ���� ���� ���� ��vshad�3 < ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��Qfail�2 [ ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �? gpas14 7 ���� ���� ���� -�'passU3 5 �sdgroul1 , ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� mq�fail0 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��cexpi�3 V ���� �Ulast~0 6 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���Ivigr[2 ���� ���� ���� ���� ��I grou81 + ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �: grpc�1 E ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���ogsha-0 : A2Znolo�0 = ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �qvipw�1 j ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� $version$ 2.5.0 faillog faillog 8 faillog 5 gshadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz stínový soubor se skupinami přihlášení lastlog - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz prozkoumá soubor lastlog nologin - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz slušně odmítne přihlášení groupadd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Vytvoří skupinu groupdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Smaže skupinu groupmod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz upraví skupinu grpck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz ověří integritu skupinových souborů vipw - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz slouží k úpravě souborů password, group, shadow-password a shadow-group. vigr - 8 8 1707224063 0 C vipw - gz faillog 8 - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz zobrazí záznamy faillogu nebo nastaví limity na chybná přihlášení faillog 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz Soubor pro zaznamenávání chybných pokusů o přihlášení passwd - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz seznam hesel uživatelů shadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz soubor se zašifrovanými hesly expiry - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz zkontroluje a vynutí politiku vypršení platnosti hesla gpasswd - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz spravuje soubor /etc/group PK ! 7�N� � cs/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! �8 @ @ uk/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � @ � l �2 ���� ���� ���� ��Ytloa11 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �sU$ver 0 ���� ���� ���� ���� ��� peek�1 ���� ���� ���� f��hvmst40 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� +|gpkil�0 ! ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �ٱ<pmap�0 ���� ���� �X�_fuse�1 ���EsyscX0 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �wVuptiT1 �mpslo(2 B ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �fVcpstrp2 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� @�{Mw x1 ���� ���� ���� T�}|free�0 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �?05sysc0 ���opgre�0 ���� ���� ���� b��ypwdx1 ���� ���� ���� 3kill�1 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� Q�[prts2 ���� ���� ���� ���� $version$ 2.5.0 sysctl - 8 8 1698752164 0 A - - gz vmstat - 8 8 1698752164 0 A - - gz sysctl.conf - 5 5 1698752164 0 A - - gz free - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz pgrep - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz pkill - 1 1 1698752164 0 C pgrep - gz pmap - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz pwdx - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz tload - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz uptime - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz w - 1 1 1698752164 0 A - - gz fuser - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz killall - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz peekfd - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz prtstat - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz pslog - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz report current logs path of a process pstree - 1 1 1648139377 0 A - - gz PK ! 7�N� � uk/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! �� P P sv/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � P � �= �8 1 �? 2 _B f �D E �qyfake�C m 0:8dpkgRD 8 ���� ��Ytloa[; �}HQman �> F ��F<fail�6 P ��]vaddu 7 O H��manp�= ��b[dpkg|9 O ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� m�[man-�= R ���� isuzgrou�2 . ֯�RuserX4 L ���Adpkg8 7 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� S�accel5 ] ��pass�< 6 �sU$ver 0 ��zwhat�? H ~?Ozsoe�8 B ��p/etc-0 ( ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� f��hvmst�2 ���� ���� ��Qfail�6 7 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� +|gpkil�: ! ���"fake C u ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� -�'pass�8 �sdgroux3 C ���� ���� �ٱ<pmap; �Wfake�@ � ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� mq�fail0 �5'fake�B m ���� ���� ���� ���� �wVupti~; o� lexgv= < ���� ��?newg9 3 U/rdeb- @ < ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��cexpiO< X ���eapro"= L �Ulasth0 Z ���� ���� �]�sdpkg�9 H ���� �SRpass�< , ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��addg 2 O ���� ���� ���� ���� ���Ivigr 5 [ ���� ���� ���� ���� ��I grou�2 - ���� S�Vchsh< 3 ���� �V-delu 1 M �9Ocatm�5 S ���� �: grpc�3 B ���� ���� K�dfake�A � @�{Mw �; ���� \�� /etcx7 ( ���� T�}|free6: ���� ���ogshaN8 - A2Znolo�0 9 ��WVmancE> Q ���� x�c chag�; P ���� V �3grou3 T ���?dpkgD = ��G>delu�7 O �?05sysce2 ���opgre�: ��~manp6? @ ���� Y��<sg <9 = b��ypwdx9; ���� ��Idelg`1 M ��+mand,6 O ��*Rmanp�> D ���� ���� ���� b��bpwck 4 G ���� Z�keaddu�1 O &� )updaX: a �W�{fake"A � ���� �qvipw�4 [ ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� y��5deb D@ 8 $version$ 2.5.0 faillog faillog 8 faillog 5 /etc/adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C adduser.conf - gz lastlog - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz reports the most recent login of all users or of a given user nologin - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz vägra snällt en inloggning deluser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz ta bort en användare eller grupp från systemet delgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz ta bort en användare eller grupp från systemet adduser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz lägg till en användare eller grupp till systemet addgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz lägg till en användare eller grupp till systemet sysctl - 8 8 1698752164 0 A - - gz vmstat - 8 8 1698752164 0 A - - gz groupadd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz skapa en ny grupp groupdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz ta bort en grupp groupmems - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz administrera medlemmar av en användares primära grupp groupmod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz ändra en gruppdefinition på systemet grpck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz validera integriteten för gruppfiler pwck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz validera integriteten för lösenordsfiler userdel - 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8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz Añade consolas a la lista de consolas de sesión admitidas installkernel - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz Instala una imagen del núcleo nueva remove-shell - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz Elimina consolas de la lista de consolas de sesión admitidas run-parts - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz Ejecuta scripts o programas en un directorio savelog - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz Guarda un archivo de registro de eventos update-passwd - 8 8 1648028560 0 A - - gz Actualiza /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow y /etc/group de forma segura deluser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz Elimina un usuario o grupo del sistema delgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz Elimina un usuario o grupo del sistema adduser - 8 8 1609913810 0 A - - gz Añade un usuario o grupo al sistema addgroup - 8 8 1609913810 0 B - - gz Añade un usuario o grupo al sistema apt-cache - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Realiza consultas al caché de APT apt-cdrom - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Herramienta de APT para la gestión de discos ópticos apt-config - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz Programa para consultar la configuración de APT dpkg-preconfigure - 8 8 1645368169 0 A - - gz Permite que los paquetes formulen preguntas antes de su instalación dpkg-reconfigure - 8 8 1645368169 0 A - - gz Reconfigura un paquete ya instalado validlocale - 8 8 1769761256 0 A - - gz Comprueba si la opción de localización dada está disponible accessdb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz vuelca el contenido de una base de datos man-db en un formato legible para personas catman - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz crea o actualiza las páginas de manual preformateadas mandb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - t gz crea o actualiza las cachés de índicies de páginas de manual /etc/adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C adduser.conf - gz adduser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 A - - gz Fichero de configuración para adduser(8) yaddgroup(8). /etc/deluser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 C deluser.conf - gz deluser.conf - 5 5 1609913810 0 A - - gz Fichero de configuración para deluser(8) ydelgroup(8) apt_preferences - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz Fichero de preferencias de APT dpkg.cfg - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Fichero de configuración de dpkg manpath - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz formato del archivo /etc/manpath.config tempfile - 1 1 1648043394 0 A - - gz Crea un fichero temporal de forma segura manpath manpath 5 manpath 1 ich.debianutils - gz which.debianutils - 1 1 1648043394 0 A - - gz Busca una orden which - 1 1 1709258875 837177092 B - - gz Busca una orden apt-extracttemplates - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Herramienta de extracción de configuración de debconf y plantillas de paquetes de Debian apt-sortpkgs - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Herramienta para ordenar los ficheros de índice de paquetes apt-ftparchive - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Herramienta para generar ficheros de índice dpkg-split - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Herramienta para separar y unir paquetes Debian update-alternatives - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Gestión de enlaces simbólicos que determinan órdenes predefinidas debconf-apt-progress - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz Instala paquetes usando debconf para mostrar una barra de progreso debconf-communicate - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz Permite la comunicación con debconf debconf-copydb - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz Copia una base de datos de debconf debconf-escape - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz Asistente para la interacción con la funcionalidad de escape de debconf debconf-set-selections - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz insert new values into the debconf database debconf-show - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz Realiza consultas a la base de datos de debconf debconf - 1 1 1645368169 0 A - - gz Ejecuta un programa que hace uso de debconf apropos - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz busca nombres y descripciones de páginas de manual lexgrog - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz analiza la información de cabecera en páginas man man-recode - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz convierte páginas de manual a otra codificación man - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - t gz interfaz de los manuales de referencia del sistema fakeroot - 1 1 1646512380 0 C fakeroot-sysv - gz manconv - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz convierte página de manual desde una codificación a otra manpath 5 - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz formato del archivo /etc/manpath.config manpath 1 - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz determina la ruta de búsqueda para páginas de manual whatis - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz muestra descripciones de una línea de las páginas de manual zsoelim - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz satisface peticiones .so en la entrada de roff deb-old - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz Antiguo formato de paquete binario de Debian faked - 1 1 1742809505 280298205 A - - gz demonio que recuerda los propietarios/permisos falsos de ficheros manipulados por un proceso fakeroot. faked-sysv - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz demonio que recuerda los propietarios/permisos falsos de ficheros manipulados por un proceso fakeroot. faked-tcp - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz demonio que recuerda los propietarios/permisos falsos de ficheros manipulados por un proceso fakeroot. fakeroot-sysv - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz ejecuta una orden en un entorno que falsea privilegios de superusuario para la manipulación de ficheros fakeroot - 1 1 1742809505 280298205 B - - gz ejecuta una orden en un entorno que falsea privilegios de superusuario para la manipulación de ficheros fakeroot-tcp - 1 1 1646512380 0 A - - gz ejecuta una orden en un entorno que falsea privilegios de superusuario para la manipulación de ficheros dpkg-distaddfile - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Añade entradas a «debian/files» PK ! 7�N� � es/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! �IE @ @ tr/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � @ � O3 ) �3 � I8 ���� ���� ���� ���� �}HQman W6 I ���� H��manp�3 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� m�[man-6 E ���� isuzgrou0 5 ֯�RuserI1 Y ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� S�acce�1 n ��pass5 D �sU$ver 0 ��zwhat�7 P ~?Ozsoe�7 I =Wuser�0 v ��vshadh3 5 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� -�'pass53 �sdgrou�0 ? ���� ���� ���� S7dychfn�4 @ ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� o� lexg�5 I ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���eapro]5 Q ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �SRpass�4 , ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��I grouN0 , ���� �N�hlogi�3 G ���� �9Ocatmj2 d ���� ���� 2��user�1 A ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��WVmanc�6 Y ���� ���� ���� x�c chag74 Y ���� ���� ���� ��~manpM7 J ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ��+mand�2 Z ��*Rmanp7 > ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� $version$ 2.5.0 groupadd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz yeni bir grup oluşturur groupdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz bir grubu siler groupmod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz bir grubun niteliklerini düzenler useradd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz yeni bir kullanıcı oluşturur veya öntanımlı yeni kullanıcı bilgilerini günceller userdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz Bir kullanıcı hesabını ve onunla ilgili dosyaları siler usermod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz bir kullanıcı hesabını düzenler accessdb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz man-db veritabanının içeriğini insan tarafından okunabilir bir biçimde dök catman - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz önceden biçimlendirilmiş kılavuz sayfaları oluştur veya güncelle mandb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - t gz kılavuz sayfası index önbellekleri oluştur veya güncelle passwd passwd 5 passwd 1 A - - gz parola dosyası shadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz şifreli parola dosyası manpath manpath 5 manpath 1 - - gz /etc/manpath.config dosya biçimi login - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz Kullanıcının sisteme girişini sağlar. chage - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz kullanıcı parolasının son kullanma tarihini değiştirir chfn - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz kişisel bilgilerinizi değiştirir passwd 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz parola dosyası passwd 1 - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz kullanıcının parolasını günceller apropos - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz kılavuz sayfası isimleri ve açıklamalarında ara lexgrog - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz man sayfalarında başlık bilgisini ayıkla man-recode - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz convert manual pages to another encoding man - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - t gz an interface to the system reference manuals manconv - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz kılavuz sayfasını bir kodlamadan diğerine dönüştürü manpath 5 - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz /etc/manpath.config dosya biçimi manpath 1 - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz kılavuz sayfalarının arama yolunu belirler whatis - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz tek satır kılavuz sayfası tanımı görüntüler zsoelim - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz roff girdisindeki .so istekleri yerine getir PK ! 7�N� � tr/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! 7�N� � CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! ���� P P ja/index.dbnu �[��� ϚW � P � �? �2 N \? Z8 @ � M � uL l �K l �K T ���� ���� ���� ���� �}HQman �K I ��F<fail= U H��manp @ '{Lapt-�4 B V�Wupda�1 T ���� ���� ���� ���� ���Bxxd ?F V ���� m�[man-J E ���� isuzgrou�5 A ֯�RuserE: \ e�clogi�= B ���Adpkg�> 7 ���� ���� ���� ���� S�acce�; ^ ��pass�E D �sU$ver 0 -#apt-�A � [-�kapt.> 6 =Wuser�9 h ��vshad ? J ^�|remo�0 S ��zwhat�K F X�)'apt �4 J � �Cgrpc]9 p ؎�rvimjH T ~?Ozsoe.L ? ���� �ŋJapt-w3 < ��Qfail`= J �UNvim �F T p�dvimt�> 6 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� �? gpasgE B Icm&chpaB5 Y ���� ���� -�'passo2 �sdgrou/6 8 ���� ���� @��apwun�8 p S7dychfnlD J ���� ���� ���� �<zXapt-B4 \ �c instj0 S Z�W.apt-�3 | z��igrpuj8 p ~-�/etc92 & ���� mq�fail=8 ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� o� lexg�I Y ���� ���� ��?newgA G U/rdeb-uL I ���� ���� ���� ���� P�|pwco�7 p ��cexpiE _ ���eaproAI Y �Ulast�2 = ���� ���� �]�sdpkg~C [ ���� f.�<add-0 P y}dpkg8 $ �SRpass�E 8 ���� ��I3apt_@> < ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� ���Ivigr\; b ���� ܨ !save�1 8 ���� ���� ��I grou�5 8 ���� �N�hlogi�@ G S�Vchsh�D A �9Ocatm*< Y ���� ���� �: grpcp6 Y 2��user�: D �=^Qtemp�? A ���� ���� � Iiex KG \ ���� ��2rvie�F T ���� ���� �g� whicw@ : �� run-+1 b N��*apt-�2 C �U�8apt-�B k x�c chag C \ ��WVmancSJ � ���?dpkg�L H ���� ���[view H \ ��~manp4K V ���� ���� ���� Y��<sg RA Q ���� ���� ��+mand�< q ��*Rmanp�J F PT�whic3@ 2 �T�\vimd�H v ���� G6hapt-?B V N��newu�6 _ b��bpwck77 \ &� )upda�C t ���� ���� ���� �qvipw�: b ���� ���� ���� ���#apt-(3 E ���� Z6�svi �G \ ���� ���� ���� ���� ���� $version$ 2.5.0 add-shell - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz 有効ログインシェル一覧にシェル追加 installkernel - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz 新しいカーネルイメージのインストール remove-shell - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz 有効ログインシェル一覧からシェル削除 run-parts - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz ディレクトリにあるスクリプト・プログラムの実行 savelog - 8 8 1648043394 0 A - - gz ログファイルの保存 update-passwd - 8 8 1648028560 0 A - - gz /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group の安全な更新 /etc/login.defs - 5 5 1707224063 0 C login.defs - gz passwd passwd 5 passwd 1 設定する lastlog - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz lastlog ファイルを調べる apt-cdrom - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT CD-ROM 管理ユーティリティ apt-cache - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT キャッシュへの問い合わせ apt-config - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT 設定取得プログラム apt-get - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT パッケージ操作ユーティリティ -- コマンドラインインターフェース apt-mark - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz パッケージの各種設定の表示、設定、設定解除 apt - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz コマンドラインインターフェイス apt-secure - 8 8 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT アーカイブ認証サポート chpasswd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz パスワードファイルをバッチ処理で更新する groupadd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 新しいグループを作成する groupdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz グループを削除する groupmod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz グループを修正する grpck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz グループファイルが正しいかどうか検査する newusers - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz ユーザの新規作成や情報更新をバッチ処理で行う pwck - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz パスワードファイルが正しいかどうか検査する pwconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz パスワード・グループの shadow 化と、通常ファイルへの逆変換 dpkg.conf - 5 5 1757448556 0 C dpkg.cfg - gz faillog faillog 8 faillog 5 grpunconv - gz grpunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz パスワード・グループの shadow 化と、通常ファイルへの逆変換 pwunconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz パスワード・グループの shadow 化と、通常ファイルへの逆変換 grpconv - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz パスワード・グループの shadow 化と、通常ファイルへの逆変換 useradd - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz 新規ユーザの作成・新規ユーザのデフォルト情報の更新 userdel - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz ユーザのアカウントと関連ファイルを削除する usermod - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz ユーザアカウントを修正する vipw - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz password, group とそれぞれの shadow ファイルを編集する vigr - 8 8 1707224063 0 B - - gz password, group とそれぞれの shadow ファイルを編集する accessdb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz dumps the content of a man-db database in a human readable format catman - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - - gz 整形済みマニュアルページを作成、更新する mandb - 8 8 1647543780 0 A - t gz マニュアルページのインデックスキャッシュを作成、更新する faillog 8 - 8 8 1707224063 0 A - - gz faillog を調べ、login 失敗の制限を設定する faillog 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz ログイン失敗を記録するファイル login.defs - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz shadow パスワード機能の設定 apt.conf - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT の設定ファイル apt_preferences - 5 5 1707838744 0 A - - gz APT 用選択制御ファイル dpkg.cfg - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz dpkg の設定ファイル vimtutor - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz Vim チュートリアル shadow - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz 暗号化されたパスワードファイル manpath - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz /etc/manpath.config ファイルの書式 tempfile - 1 1 1648043394 0 A - - gz 安全な一時ファイルの作成 manpath manpath 5 manpath 1 ich.debianutils - gz which.debianutils - 1 1 1648043394 0 A - - gz コマンドの場所 which - 1 1 1709258875 837177092 B - - gz コマンドの場所 login - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz システム上でセッションを開く newgrp - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz 新しいグループにログインする sg - 1 1 1707224063 0 B - - gz 別のグループ ID でコマンドを実行する apt-extracttemplates - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz Debian パッケージから debconf の設定とテンプレートを抽出するユーティリティ apt-ftparchive - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz インデックスファイル生成ユーティリティ apt-sortpkgs - 1 1 1707838744 0 A - - gz パッケージインデックスファイルのソートユーティリティ chage - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz ユーザパスワードの有効期限情報を変更する。 dpkg-split - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz Debian パッケージアーカイブの分割/統合ツール update-alternatives - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz シンボリックリンクを管理してデフォルトのコマンドを決定する chfn - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz ユーザの氏名や情報を変更する。 chsh - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz ログインシェルを変更する expiry - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz パスワードの期限切れポリシーのチェックと執行 gpasswd - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz /etc/groupファイルを管理する passwd 5 - 5 5 1707224063 0 A - - gz パスワードファイル passwd 1 - 1 1 1707224063 0 A - - gz ユーザパスワードを変更する xxd - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz 16 進ダンプを作成したり、元に戻したり。 vim - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz Vi IMproved, プログラマのテキストエディタ rview - 1 1 1778086578 0 B - - gz Vi IMproved, プログラマのテキストエディタ ex - 1 1 1709258889 489327588 B - - gz Vi IMproved, プログラマのテキストエディタ vi - 1 1 1709258889 485327544 B - - gz Vi IMproved, プログラマのテキストエディタ view - 1 1 1709258889 485327544 B - - gz Vi IMproved, プログラマのテキストエディタ rvim - 1 1 1778086578 0 B - - gz Vi IMproved, プログラマのテキストエディタ vimdiff - 1 1 1778086578 0 A - - gz 二つか三つか四つのファイルを Vim で開いて、その差分を表示する apropos - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz マニュアルページの名前と要約文を検索する lexgrog - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz マニュアルページのヘッダー情報を解釈する man-recode - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz convert manual pages to another encoding manconv - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz マニュアルページをあるエンコーディングから別のエンコーディングに変換する manpath 5 - 5 5 1647543780 0 A - - gz /etc/manpath.config ファイルの書式 manpath 1 - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz マニュアルページの検索パスを設定します man - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - t gz an interface to the system reference manuals whatis - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz display one-line manual page descriptions zsoelim - 1 1 1647543780 0 A - - gz satisfy .so requests in roff input deb-old - 5 5 1757448556 0 A - - gz 旧 Debian バイナリパッケージ形式 dpkg-distaddfile - 1 1 1757448556 0 A - - gz debian/files にエントリを追加する PK ! 7�N� � ja/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� Signature: 8a477f597d28d172789f06886806bc55 # This file is a cache directory tag created by man-db. # For information about cache directory tags, see: # http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/ PK ! �F&H H jsesc.1nu ��̗� .Dd May 13, 2016 .Dt jsesc 1 .Sh NAME .Nm jsesc .Nd escape strings for use in JavaScript string literals .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl s | -single-quotes Ar string .br .Op Fl d | -double-quotes Ar string .br .Op Fl w | -wrap Ar string .br .Op Fl e | -escape-everything Ar string .br .Op Fl 6 | -es6 Ar string .br .Op Fl l | -lowercase-hex Ar string .br .Op Fl j | -json Ar string .br .Op Fl p | -object Ar string .br .Op Fl p | -pretty Ar string .br .Op Fl v | -version .br .Op Fl h | -help .Sh DESCRIPTION .Nm escapes strings for use in JavaScript string literals while generating the shortest possible valid ASCII-only output. .Sh OPTIONS .Bl -ohang -offset .It Sy "-s, --single-quotes" Escape any occurrences of ' in the input string as \\', so that the output can be used in a JavaScript string literal wrapped in single quotes. .It Sy "-d, --double-quotes" Escape any occurrences of " in the input string as \\", so that the output can be used in a JavaScript string literal wrapped in double quotes. .It Sy "-w, --wrap" Make sure the output is a valid JavaScript string literal wrapped in quotes. The type of quotes can be specified using the .Ar -s | --single-quotes or .Ar -d | --double-quotes settings. .It Sy "-6, --es6" Escape any astral Unicode symbols using ECMAScript 6 Unicode code point escape sequences. .It Sy "-e, --escape-everything" Escape all the symbols in the output, even printable ASCII symbols. .It Sy "-j, --json" Make sure the output is valid JSON. Hexadecimal character escape sequences and the \\v or \\0 escape sequences will not be used. Setting this flag enables the .Ar -d | --double-quotes and .Ar -w | --wrap settings. .It Sy "-o, --object" Treat the input as a JavaScript object rather than a string. Accepted values are flat arrays containing only string values, and flat objects containing only string values. .It Sy "-p, --pretty" Pretty-print the output for objects, using whitespace to make it more readable. Setting this flag enables the .It Sy "-l, --lowercase-hex" Use lowercase for alphabetical hexadecimal digits in escape sequences. .Ar -o | --object setting. .It Sy "-v, --version" Print jsesc's version. .It Sy "-h, --help" Show the help screen. .El .Sh EXIT STATUS The .Nm jsesc utility exits with one of the following values: .Pp .Bl -tag -width flag -compact .It Li 0 .Nm successfully escaped the given string and printed the result. .It Li 1 .Nm wasn't instructed to escape anything (for example, the .Ar --help flag was set); or, an error occurred. .El .Sh EXAMPLES .Bl -ohang -offset .It Sy "jsesc 'foo bar baz'" Print an escaped version of the given string. .It Sy echo\ 'foo bar baz'\ |\ jsesc Print an escaped version of the string that gets piped in. .El .Sh BUGS jsesc's bug tracker is located at <https://github.com/mathiasbynens/jsesc/issues>. .Sh AUTHOR Mathias Bynens <https://mathiasbynens.be/> .Sh WWW <https://mths.be/jsesc> PK ! ���j� � cssesc.1nu �Iw�� .Dd August 9, 2013 .Dt cssesc 1 .Sh NAME .Nm cssesc .Nd escape text for use in CSS string literals or identifiers .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm .Op Fl i | -identifier Ar string .br .Op Fl s | -single-quotes Ar string .br .Op Fl d | -double-quotes Ar string .br .Op Fl w | -wrap Ar string .br .Op Fl e | -escape-everything Ar string .br .Op Fl v | -version .br .Op Fl h | -help .Sh DESCRIPTION .Nm escapes strings for use in CSS string literals or identifiers while generating the shortest possible valid ASCII-only output. .Sh OPTIONS .Bl -ohang -offset .It Sy "-s, --single-quotes" Escape any occurences of ' in the input string as \\', so that the output can be used in a CSS string literal wrapped in single quotes. .It Sy "-d, --double-quotes" Escape any occurences of " in the input string as \\", so that the output can be used in a CSS string literal wrapped in double quotes. .It Sy "-w, --wrap" Make sure the output is a valid CSS string literal wrapped in quotes. The type of quotes can be specified using the .Ar -s | --single-quotes or .Ar -d | --double-quotes settings. .It Sy "-e, --escape-everything" Escape all the symbols in the output, even printable ASCII symbols. .It Sy "-v, --version" Print cssesc's version. .It Sy "-h, --help" Show the help screen. .El .Sh EXIT STATUS The .Nm cssesc utility exits with one of the following values: .Pp .Bl -tag -width flag -compact .It Li 0 .Nm successfully escaped the given text and printed the result. .It Li 1 .Nm wasn't instructed to escape anything (for example, the .Ar --help flag was set); or, an error occurred. .El .Sh EXAMPLES .Bl -ohang -offset .It Sy "cssesc 'foo bar baz'" Print an escaped version of the given text. .It Sy echo\ 'foo bar baz'\ |\ cssesc Print an escaped version of the text that gets piped in. .El .Sh BUGS cssesc's bug tracker is located at <https://github.com/mathiasbynens/cssesc/issues>. .Sh AUTHOR Mathias Bynens <https://mathiasbynens.be/> .Sh WWW <https://mths.be/cssesc> PK ! ^��A( ( man7/orgs.7nu �[��� .TH "ORGS" "7" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBorgs\fR - Working with Teams & Orgs .SS "Description" .P There are three levels of org users: .RS 0 .IP 1. 4 Super admin, controls billing & adding people to the org. .IP 2. 4 Team admin, manages team membership & package access. .IP 3. 4 Developer, works on packages they are given access to. .RE 0 .P The super admin is the only person who can add users to the org because it impacts the monthly bill. The super admin will use the website to manage membership. Every org has a \fBdevelopers\fR team that all users are automatically added to. .P The team admin is the person who manages team creation, team membership, and package access for teams. The team admin grants package access to teams, not individuals. .P The developer will be able to access packages based on the teams they are on. Access is either read-write or read-only. .P There are two main commands: .RS 0 .IP 1. 4 \fBnpm team\fR see npm help team for more details .IP 2. 4 \fBnpm access\fR see npm help access for more details .RE 0 .SS "Team Admins create teams" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Check who you\[cq]ve added to your org: .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf npm team ls <org>:developers .fi .RE .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Each org is automatically given a \fBdevelopers\fR team, so you can see the whole list of team members in your org. This team automatically gets read-write access to all packages, but you can change that with the \fBaccess\fR command. .IP \(bu 4 Create a new team: .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf npm team create <org:team> .fi .RE .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Add members to that team: .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf npm team add <org:team> <user> .fi .RE .SS "Publish a package and adjust package access" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In package directory, run .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf npm init --scope=<org> .fi .RE .P to scope it for your org & publish as usual .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Grant access: .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf npm access grant <read-only|read-write> <org:team> \[lB]<package>\[rB] .fi .RE .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Revoke access: .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf npm access revoke <org:team> \[lB]<package>\[rB] .fi .RE .SS "Monitor your package access" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 See what org packages a team member can access: .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf npm access ls-packages <org> <user> .fi .RE .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 See packages available to a specific team: .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf npm access ls-packages <org:team> .fi .RE .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Check which teams are collaborating on a package: .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf npm access ls-collaborators <pkg> .fi .RE .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help team .IP \(bu 4 npm help access .IP \(bu 4 npm help scope .RE 0 PK ! �=G� � man7/workspaces.7nu �[��� .TH "WORKSPACES" "7" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBworkspaces\fR - Working with workspaces .SS "Description" .P \fBWorkspaces\fR is a generic term that refers to the set of features in the npm cli that provides support for managing multiple packages from your local file system from within a singular top-level, root package. .P This set of features makes up for a much more streamlined workflow handling linked packages from the local file system. It automates the linking process as part of \fBnpm install\fR and removes the need to manually use \fBnpm link\fR in order to add references to packages that should be symlinked into the current \fBnode_modules\fR folder. .P We also refer to these packages being auto-symlinked during \fBnpm install\fR as a single \fBworkspace\fR, meaning it's a nested package within the current local file system that is explicitly defined in the \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json#workspaces\(ra\fR \fBworkspaces\fR configuration. .SS "Defining workspaces" .P Workspaces are usually defined via the \fBworkspaces\fR property of the \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json#workspaces\(ra\fR file, e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "my-workspaces-powered-project", "workspaces": \[lB] "packages/a" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P Given the above \fBpackage.json\fR example living at a current working directory \fB.\fR that contains a folder named \fBpackages/a\fR that itself contains a \fBpackage.json\fR inside it, defining a Node.js package, e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf . +-- package.json `-- packages +-- a | `-- package.json .fi .RE .P The expected result once running \fBnpm install\fR in this current working directory \fB.\fR is that the folder \fBpackages/a\fR will get symlinked to the \fBnode_modules\fR folder of the current working dir. .P Below is a post \fBnpm install\fR example, given that same previous example structure of files and folders: .P .RS 2 .nf . +-- node_modules | `-- a -> ../packages/a +-- package-lock.json +-- package.json `-- packages +-- a | `-- package.json .fi .RE .SS "Getting started with workspaces" .P You may automate the required steps to define a new workspace using npm help init. For example in a project that already has a \fBpackage.json\fR defined you can run: .P .RS 2 .nf npm init -w ./packages/a .fi .RE .P This command will create the missing folders and a new \fBpackage.json\fR file (if needed) while also making sure to properly configure the \fB"workspaces"\fR property of your root project \fBpackage.json\fR. .SS "Adding dependencies to a workspace" .P It's possible to directly add/remove/update dependencies of your workspaces using the \fB\fBworkspace\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#workspace\(ra\fR. .P For example, assuming the following structure: .P .RS 2 .nf . +-- package.json `-- packages +-- a | `-- package.json `-- b `-- package.json .fi .RE .P If you want to add a dependency named \fBabbrev\fR from the registry as a dependency of your workspace \fBa\fR, you may use the workspace config to tell the npm installer that package should be added as a dependency of the provided workspace: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install abbrev -w a .fi .RE .P Note: other installing commands such as \fBuninstall\fR, \fBci\fR, etc will also respect the provided \fBworkspace\fR configuration. .SS "Using workspaces" .P Given the \fBspecifics of how Node.js handles module resolution\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v14.x/docs/api/modules.html#modules_all_together\(ra\fR it's possible to consume any defined workspace by its declared \fBpackage.json\fR \fBname\fR. Continuing from the example defined above, let's also create a Node.js script that will require the workspace \fBa\fR example module, e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf // ./packages/a/index.js module.exports = 'a' // ./lib/index.js const moduleA = require('a') console.log(moduleA) // -> a .fi .RE .P When running it with: .P \fBnode lib/index.js\fR .P This demonstrates how the nature of \fBnode_modules\fR resolution allows for \fBworkspaces\fR to enable a portable workflow for requiring each \fBworkspace\fR in such a way that is also easy to npm help publish these nested workspaces to be consumed elsewhere. .SS "Running commands in the context of workspaces" .P You can use the \fBworkspace\fR configuration option to run commands in the context of a configured workspace. Additionally, if your current directory is in a workspace, the \fBworkspace\fR configuration is implicitly set, and \fBprefix\fR is set to the root workspace. .P Following is a quick example on how to use the \fBnpm run\fR command in the context of nested workspaces. For a project containing multiple workspaces, e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf . +-- package.json `-- packages +-- a | `-- package.json `-- b `-- package.json .fi .RE .P By running a command using the \fBworkspace\fR option, it's possible to run the given command in the context of that specific workspace. e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf npm run test --workspace=a .fi .RE .P You could also run the command within the workspace. .P .RS 2 .nf cd packages/a && npm run test .fi .RE .P Either will run the \fBtest\fR script defined within the \fB./packages/a/package.json\fR file. .P Please note that you can also specify this argument multiple times in the command-line in order to target multiple workspaces, e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf npm run test --workspace=a --workspace=b .fi .RE .P Or run the command for each workspace within the 'packages' folder: .P .RS 2 .nf npm run test --workspace=packages .fi .RE .P It's also possible to use the \fBworkspaces\fR (plural) configuration option to enable the same behavior but running that command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf npm run test --workspaces .fi .RE .P Will run the \fBtest\fR script in both \fB./packages/a\fR and \fB./packages/b\fR. .P Commands will be run in each workspace in the order they appear in your \fBpackage.json\fR .P .RS 2 .nf { "workspaces": \[lB] "packages/a", "packages/b" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P Order of run is different with: .P .RS 2 .nf { "workspaces": \[lB] "packages/b", "packages/a" \[rB] } .fi .RE .SS "Ignoring missing scripts" .P It is not required for all of the workspaces to implement scripts run with the \fBnpm run\fR command. .P By running the command with the \fB--if-present\fR flag, npm will ignore workspaces missing target script. .P .RS 2 .nf npm run test --workspaces --if-present .fi .RE .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help run-script .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .RE 0 PK ! �>��U� U� man7/config.7nu �[��� .TH "CONFIG" "7" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBconfig\fR - More than you probably want to know about npm configuration .SS "Description" .P This article details npm configuration in general. To learn about the \fBconfig\fR command, see npm help config. .P npm gets its configuration values from the following sources, sorted by priority: .SS "Command Line Flags" .P Putting \fB--foo bar\fR on the command line sets the \fBfoo\fR configuration parameter to \fB"bar"\fR. A \fB--\fR argument tells the cli parser to stop reading flags. Using \fB--flag\fR without specifying any value will set the value to \fBtrue\fR. .P Example: \fB--flag1 --flag2\fR will set both configuration parameters to \fBtrue\fR, while \fB--flag1 --flag2 bar\fR will set \fBflag1\fR to \fBtrue\fR, and \fBflag2\fR to \fBbar\fR. Finally, \fB--flag1 --flag2 -- bar\fR will set both configuration parameters to \fBtrue\fR, and the \fBbar\fR is taken as a command argument. .SS "Environment Variables" .P Any environment variables that start with \fBnpm_config_\fR will be interpreted as a configuration parameter. For example, putting \fBnpm_config_foo=bar\fR in your environment will set the \fBfoo\fR configuration parameter to \fBbar\fR. Any environment configurations that are not given a value will be given the value of \fBtrue\fR. Config values are case-insensitive, so \fBNPM_CONFIG_FOO=bar\fR will work the same. However, please note that inside npm help scripts npm will set its own environment variables and Node will prefer those lowercase versions over any uppercase ones that you might set. For details see \fBthis issue\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/npm/issues/14528\(ra\fR. .P Notice that you need to use underscores instead of dashes, so \fB--allow-same-version\fR would become \fBnpm_config_allow_same_version=true\fR. .SS "npmrc Files" .P The four relevant files are: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 per-project configuration file (\fB/path/to/my/project/.npmrc\fR) .IP \(bu 4 per-user configuration file (defaults to \fB$HOME/.npmrc\fR; configurable via CLI option \fB--userconfig\fR or environment variable \fB$NPM_CONFIG_USERCONFIG\fR) .IP \(bu 4 global configuration file (defaults to \fB$PREFIX/etc/npmrc\fR; configurable via CLI option \fB--globalconfig\fR or environment variable \fB$NPM_CONFIG_GLOBALCONFIG\fR) .IP \(bu 4 npm's built-in configuration file (\fB/path/to/npm/npmrc\fR) .RE 0 .P See npm help npmrc for more details. .SS "Default Configs" .P Run \fBnpm config ls -l\fR to see a set of configuration parameters that are internal to npm, and are defaults if nothing else is specified. .SS "Shorthands and Other CLI Niceties" .P The following shorthands are parsed on the command-line: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB-a\fR: \fB--all\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--enjoy-by\fR: \fB--before\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-c\fR: \fB--call\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--desc\fR: \fB--description\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-f\fR: \fB--force\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-g\fR: \fB--global\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--iwr\fR: \fB--include-workspace-root\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-L\fR: \fB--location\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-d\fR: \fB--loglevel info\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-s\fR: \fB--loglevel silent\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--silent\fR: \fB--loglevel silent\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--ddd\fR: \fB--loglevel silly\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--dd\fR: \fB--loglevel verbose\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--verbose\fR: \fB--loglevel verbose\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-q\fR: \fB--loglevel warn\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--quiet\fR: \fB--loglevel warn\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-l\fR: \fB--long\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-m\fR: \fB--message\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--local\fR: \fB--no-global\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-n\fR: \fB--no-yes\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--no\fR: \fB--no-yes\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-p\fR: \fB--parseable\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--porcelain\fR: \fB--parseable\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-C\fR: \fB--prefix\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--readonly\fR: \fB--read-only\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--reg\fR: \fB--registry\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-S\fR: \fB--save\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-B\fR: \fB--save-bundle\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-D\fR: \fB--save-dev\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-E\fR: \fB--save-exact\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-O\fR: \fB--save-optional\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-P\fR: \fB--save-prod\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-?\fR: \fB--usage\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-h\fR: \fB--usage\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-H\fR: \fB--usage\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--help\fR: \fB--usage\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-v\fR: \fB--version\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-w\fR: \fB--workspace\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--ws\fR: \fB--workspaces\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-y\fR: \fB--yes\fR .RE 0 .P If the specified configuration param resolves unambiguously to a known configuration parameter, then it is expanded to that configuration parameter. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm ls --par # same as: npm ls --parseable .fi .RE .P If multiple single-character shorthands are strung together, and the resulting combination is unambiguously not some other configuration param, then it is expanded to its various component pieces. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm ls -gpld # same as: npm ls --global --parseable --long --loglevel info .fi .RE .SS "Config Settings" .SS "\fB_auth\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P A basic-auth string to use when authenticating against the npm registry. This will ONLY be used to authenticate against the npm registry. For other registries you will need to scope it like "//other-registry.tld/:_auth" .P Warning: This should generally not be set via a command-line option. It is safer to use a registry-provided authentication bearer token stored in the ~/.npmrc file by running \fBnpm login\fR. .SS "\fBaccess\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'public' for new packages, existing packages it will not change the current level .IP \(bu 4 Type: null, "restricted", or "public" .RE 0 .P If you do not want your scoped package to be publicly viewable (and installable) set \fB--access=restricted\fR. .P Unscoped packages can not be set to \fBrestricted\fR. .P Note: This defaults to not changing the current access level for existing packages. Specifying a value of \fBrestricted\fR or \fBpublic\fR during publish will change the access for an existing package the same way that \fBnpm access set status\fR would. .SS "\fBall\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When running \fBnpm outdated\fR and \fBnpm ls\fR, setting \fB--all\fR will show all outdated or installed packages, rather than only those directly depended upon by the current project. .SS "\fBallow-same-version\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Prevents throwing an error when \fBnpm version\fR is used to set the new version to the same value as the current version. .SS "\fBaudit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the default registry and all registries configured for scopes. See the documentation for npm help audit for details on what is submitted. .SS "\fBaudit-level\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null, "info", "low", "moderate", "high", "critical", or "none" .RE 0 .P The minimum level of vulnerability for \fBnpm audit\fR to exit with a non-zero exit code. .SS "\fBauth-type\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "web" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "legacy" or "web" .RE 0 .P What authentication strategy to use with \fBlogin\fR. Note that if an \fBotp\fR config is given, this value will always be set to \fBlegacy\fR. .SS "\fBbefore\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Date .RE 0 .P If passed to \fBnpm install\fR, will rebuild the npm tree such that only versions that were available \fBon or before\fR the \fB--before\fR time get installed. If there's no versions available for the current set of direct dependencies, the command will error. .P If the requested version is a \fBdist-tag\fR and the given tag does not pass the \fB--before\fR filter, the most recent version less than or equal to that tag will be used. For example, \fBfoo@latest\fR might install \fBfoo@1.2\fR even though \fBlatest\fR is \fB2.0\fR. .SS "\fBbin-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Tells npm to create symlinks (or \fB.cmd\fR shims on Windows) for package executables. .P Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix systems. .SS "\fBbrowser\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: OS X: \fB"open"\fR, Windows: \fB"start"\fR, Others: \fB"xdg-open"\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: null, Boolean, or String .RE 0 .P The browser that is called by npm commands to open websites. .P Set to \fBfalse\fR to suppress browser behavior and instead print urls to terminal. .P Set to \fBtrue\fR to use default system URL opener. .SS "\fBca\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P The Certificate Authority signing certificate that is trusted for SSL connections to the registry. Values should be in PEM format (Windows calls it "Base-64 encoded X.509 (.CER)") with newlines replaced by the string "\[rs]n". For example: .P .RS 2 .nf ca="-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\[rs]nXXXX\[rs]nXXXX\[rs]n-----END CERTIFICATE-----" .fi .RE .P Set to \fBnull\fR to only allow "known" registrars, or to a specific CA cert to trust only that specific signing authority. .P Multiple CAs can be trusted by specifying an array of certificates: .P .RS 2 .nf ca\[lB]\[rB]="..." ca\[lB]\[rB]="..." .fi .RE .P See also the \fBstrict-ssl\fR config. .SS "\fBcache\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: Windows: \fB%LocalAppData%\[rs]npm-cache\fR, Posix: \fB~/.npm\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Path .RE 0 .P The location of npm's cache directory. .SS "\fBcafile\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: Path .RE 0 .P A path to a file containing one or multiple Certificate Authority signing certificates. Similar to the \fBca\fR setting, but allows for multiple CA's, as well as for the CA information to be stored in a file on disk. .SS "\fBcall\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Optional companion option for \fBnpm exec\fR, \fBnpx\fR that allows for specifying a custom command to be run along with the installed packages. .P .RS 2 .nf npm exec --package yo --package generator-node --call "yo node" .fi .RE .SS "\fBcidr\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P This is a list of CIDR address to be used when configuring limited access tokens with the \fBnpm token create\fR command. .SS "\fBcolor\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true unless the NO_COLOR environ is set to something other than '0' .IP \(bu 4 Type: "always" or Boolean .RE 0 .P If false, never shows colors. If \fB"always"\fR then always shows colors. If true, then only prints color codes for tty file descriptors. .SS "\fBcommit-hooks\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Run git commit hooks when using the \fBnpm version\fR command. .SS "\fBcpu\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P Override CPU architecture of native modules to install. Acceptable values are same as \fBcpu\fR field of package.json, which comes from \fBprocess.arch\fR. .SS "\fBdepth\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBInfinity\fR if \fB--all\fR is set, otherwise \fB1\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Number .RE 0 .P The depth to go when recursing packages for \fBnpm ls\fR. .P If not set, \fBnpm ls\fR will show only the immediate dependencies of the root project. If \fB--all\fR is set, then npm will show all dependencies by default. .SS "\fBdescription\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Show the description in \fBnpm search\fR .SS "\fBdiff\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Define arguments to compare in \fBnpm diff\fR. .SS "\fBdiff-dst-prefix\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "b/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Destination prefix to be used in \fBnpm diff\fR output. .SS "\fBdiff-ignore-all-space\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Ignore whitespace when comparing lines in \fBnpm diff\fR. .SS "\fBdiff-name-only\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Prints only filenames when using \fBnpm diff\fR. .SS "\fBdiff-no-prefix\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Do not show any source or destination prefix in \fBnpm diff\fR output. .P Note: this causes \fBnpm diff\fR to ignore the \fB--diff-src-prefix\fR and \fB--diff-dst-prefix\fR configs. .SS "\fBdiff-src-prefix\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "a/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Source prefix to be used in \fBnpm diff\fR output. .SS "\fBdiff-text\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Treat all files as text in \fBnpm diff\fR. .SS "\fBdiff-unified\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 3 .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .RE 0 .P The number of lines of context to print in \fBnpm diff\fR. .SS "\fBdry-run\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBdedupe\fR, \fBuninstall\fR, as well as \fBpack\fR and \fBpublish\fR. .P Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist-tags\fR, \fBowner\fR, etc. .SS "\fBeditor\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: The EDITOR or VISUAL environment variables, or '%SYSTEMROOT%\[rs]notepad.exe' on Windows, or 'vi' on Unix systems .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The command to run for \fBnpm edit\fR and \fBnpm config edit\fR. .SS "\fBengine-strict\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, then npm will stubbornly refuse to install (or even consider installing) any package that claims to not be compatible with the current Node.js version. .P This can be overridden by setting the \fB--force\fR flag. .SS "\fBexpect-result-count\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Number .RE 0 .P Tells to expect a specific number of results from the command. .P This config can not be used with: \fBexpect-results\fR .SS "\fBexpect-results\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Tells npm whether or not to expect results from the command. Can be either true (expect some results) or false (expect no results). .P This config can not be used with: \fBexpect-result-count\fR .SS "\fBfetch-retries\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 2 .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .RE 0 .P The "retries" config for the \fBretry\fR module to use when fetching packages from the registry. .P npm will retry idempotent read requests to the registry in the case of network failures or 5xx HTTP errors. .SS "\fBfetch-retry-factor\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 10 .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .RE 0 .P The "factor" config for the \fBretry\fR module to use when fetching packages. .SS "\fBfetch-retry-maxtimeout\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 60000 (1 minute) .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .RE 0 .P The "maxTimeout" config for the \fBretry\fR module to use when fetching packages. .SS "\fBfetch-retry-mintimeout\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 10000 (10 seconds) .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .RE 0 .P The "minTimeout" config for the \fBretry\fR module to use when fetching packages. .SS "\fBfetch-timeout\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 300000 (5 minutes) .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .RE 0 .P The maximum amount of time to wait for HTTP requests to complete. .SS "\fBforce\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Removes various protections against unfortunate side effects, common mistakes, unnecessary performance degradation, and malicious input. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Allow clobbering non-npm files in global installs. .IP \(bu 4 Allow the \fBnpm version\fR command to work on an unclean git repository. .IP \(bu 4 Allow deleting the cache folder with \fBnpm cache clean\fR. .IP \(bu 4 Allow installing packages that have an \fBengines\fR declaration requiring a different version of npm. .IP \(bu 4 Allow installing packages that have an \fBengines\fR declaration requiring a different version of \fBnode\fR, even if \fB--engine-strict\fR is enabled. .IP \(bu 4 Allow \fBnpm audit fix\fR to install modules outside your stated dependency range (including SemVer-major changes). .IP \(bu 4 Allow unpublishing all versions of a published package. .IP \(bu 4 Allow conflicting peerDependencies to be installed in the root project. .IP \(bu 4 Implicitly set \fB--yes\fR during \fBnpm init\fR. .IP \(bu 4 Allow clobbering existing values in \fBnpm pkg\fR .IP \(bu 4 Allow unpublishing of entire packages (not just a single version). .RE 0 .P If you don't have a clear idea of what you want to do, it is strongly recommended that you do not use this option! .SS "\fBforeground-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBfalse\fR unless when using \fBnpm pack\fR or \fBnpm publish\fR where it defaults to \fBtrue\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Run all build scripts (ie, \fBpreinstall\fR, \fBinstall\fR, and \fBpostinstall\fR) scripts for installed packages in the foreground process, sharing standard input, output, and error with the main npm process. .P Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier, but can be useful for debugging. .SS "\fBformat-package-lock\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Format \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR as a human readable file. .SS "\fBfund\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" displays the message at the end of each \fBnpm install\fR acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding. See npm help fund for details. .SS "\fBgit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "git" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The command to use for git commands. If git is installed on the computer, but is not in the \fBPATH\fR, then set this to the full path to the git binary. .SS "\fBgit-tag-version\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Tag the commit when using the \fBnpm version\fR command. Setting this to false results in no commit being made at all. .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBglobalconfig\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: The global --prefix setting plus 'etc/npmrc'. For example, '/usr/local/etc/npmrc' .IP \(bu 4 Type: Path .RE 0 .P The config file to read for global config options. .SS "\fBheading\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "npm" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The string that starts all the debugging log output. .SS "\fBhttps-proxy\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or URL .RE 0 .P A proxy to use for outgoing https requests. If the \fBHTTPS_PROXY\fR or \fBhttps_proxy\fR or \fBHTTP_PROXY\fR or \fBhttp_proxy\fR environment variables are set, proxy settings will be honored by the underlying \fBmake-fetch-happen\fR library. .SS "\fBif-present\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm will not exit with an error code when \fBrun-script\fR is invoked for a script that isn't defined in the \fBscripts\fR section of \fBpackage.json\fR. This option can be used when it's desirable to optionally run a script when it's present and fail if the script fails. This is useful, for example, when running scripts that may only apply for some builds in an otherwise generic CI setup. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBinclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: "prod", "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install. .P This is the inverse of \fB--omit=<type>\fR. .P Dependency types specified in \fB--include\fR will not be omitted, regardless of the order in which omit/include are specified on the command-line. .SS "\fBinclude-staged\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Allow installing "staged" published packages, as defined by \fBnpm RFC PR #92\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/rfcs/pull/92\(ra\fR. .P This is experimental, and not implemented by the npm public registry. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinit-author-email\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The value \fBnpm init\fR should use by default for the package author's email. .SS "\fBinit-author-name\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The value \fBnpm init\fR should use by default for the package author's name. .SS "\fBinit-author-url\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "" or URL .RE 0 .P The value \fBnpm init\fR should use by default for the package author's homepage. .SS "\fBinit-license\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "ISC" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The value \fBnpm init\fR should use by default for the package license. .SS "\fBinit-module\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "~/.npm-init.js" .IP \(bu 4 Type: Path .RE 0 .P A module that will be loaded by the \fBnpm init\fR command. See the documentation for the \fBinit-package-json\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/init-package-json\(ra\fR module for more information, or npm help init. .SS "\fBinit-version\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "1.0.0" .IP \(bu 4 Type: SemVer string .RE 0 .P The value that \fBnpm init\fR should use by default for the package version number, if not already set in package.json. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "\fBinstall-strategy\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "hoisted" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "hoisted", "nested", "shallow", or "linked" .RE 0 .P Sets the strategy for installing packages in node_modules. hoisted (default): Install non-duplicated in top-level, and duplicated as necessary within directory structure. nested: (formerly --legacy-bundling) install in place, no hoisting. shallow (formerly --global-style) only install direct deps at top-level. linked: (experimental) install in node_modules/.store, link in place, unhoisted. .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBlegacy-peer-deps\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Causes npm to completely ignore \fBpeerDependencies\fR when building a package tree, as in npm versions 3 through 6. .P If a package cannot be installed because of overly strict \fBpeerDependencies\fR that collide, it provides a way to move forward resolving the situation. .P This differs from \fB--omit=peer\fR, in that \fB--omit=peer\fR will avoid unpacking \fBpeerDependencies\fR on disk, but will still design a tree such that \fBpeerDependencies\fR \fIcould\fR be unpacked in a correct place. .P Use of \fBlegacy-peer-deps\fR is not recommended, as it will not enforce the \fBpeerDependencies\fR contract that meta-dependencies may rely on. .SS "\fBlibc\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P Override libc of native modules to install. Acceptable values are same as \fBlibc\fR field of package.json .SS "\fBlink\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Used with \fBnpm ls\fR, limiting output to only those packages that are linked. .SS "\fBlocal-address\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: IP Address .RE 0 .P The IP address of the local interface to use when making connections to the npm registry. Must be IPv4 in versions of Node prior to 0.12. .SS "\fBlocation\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "user" unless \fB--global\fR is passed, which will also set this value to "global" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "global", "user", or "project" .RE 0 .P When passed to \fBnpm config\fR this refers to which config file to use. .P When set to "global" mode, packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBlockfile-version\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: Version 3 if no lockfile, auto-converting v1 lockfiles to v3, otherwise maintain current lockfile version. .IP \(bu 4 Type: null, 1, 2, 3, "1", "2", or "3" .RE 0 .P Set the lockfile format version to be used in package-lock.json and npm-shrinkwrap-json files. Possible options are: .P 1: The lockfile version used by npm versions 5 and 6. Lacks some data that is used during the install, resulting in slower and possibly less deterministic installs. Prevents lockfile churn when interoperating with older npm versions. .P 2: The default lockfile version used by npm version 7 and 8. Includes both the version 1 lockfile data and version 3 lockfile data, for maximum determinism and interoperability, at the expense of more bytes on disk. .P 3: Only the new lockfile information introduced in npm version 7. Smaller on disk than lockfile version 2, but not interoperable with older npm versions. Ideal if all users are on npm version 7 and higher. .SS "\fBloglevel\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "notice" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "silent", "error", "warn", "notice", "http", "info", "verbose", or "silly" .RE 0 .P What level of logs to report. All logs are written to a debug log, with the path to that file printed if the execution of a command fails. .P Any logs of a higher level than the setting are shown. The default is "notice". .P See also the \fBforeground-scripts\fR config. .SS "\fBlogs-dir\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: A directory named \fB_logs\fR inside the cache .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Path .RE 0 .P The location of npm's log directory. See npm help logging for more information. .SS "\fBlogs-max\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 10 .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .RE 0 .P The maximum number of log files to store. .P If set to 0, no log files will be written for the current run. .SS "\fBlong\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Show extended information in \fBls\fR, \fBsearch\fR, and \fBhelp-search\fR. .SS "\fBmaxsockets\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 15 .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .RE 0 .P The maximum number of connections to use per origin (protocol/host/port combination). .SS "\fBmessage\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "%s" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Commit message which is used by \fBnpm version\fR when creating version commit. .P Any "%s" in the message will be replaced with the version number. .SS "\fBnode-options\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P Options to pass through to Node.js via the \fBNODE_OPTIONS\fR environment variable. This does not impact how npm itself is executed but it does impact how lifecycle scripts are called. .SS "\fBnoproxy\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: The value of the NO_PROXY environment variable .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Domain extensions that should bypass any proxies. .P Also accepts a comma-delimited string. .SS "\fBoffline\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Force offline mode: no network requests will be done during install. To allow the CLI to fill in missing cache data, see \fB--prefer-offline\fR. .SS "\fBomit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty. .IP \(bu 4 Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk. .P Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. They are just not physically installed on disk. .P If a package type appears in both the \fB--include\fR and \fB--omit\fR lists, then it will be included. .P If the resulting omit list includes \fB'dev'\fR, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable will be set to \fB'production'\fR for all lifecycle scripts. .SS "\fBomit-lockfile-registry-resolved\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P This option causes npm to create lock files without a \fBresolved\fR key for registry dependencies. Subsequent installs will need to resolve tarball endpoints with the configured registry, likely resulting in a longer install time. .SS "\fBos\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P Override OS of native modules to install. Acceptable values are same as \fBos\fR field of package.json, which comes from \fBprocess.platform\fR. .SS "\fBotp\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P This is a one-time password from a two-factor authenticator. It's needed when publishing or changing package permissions with \fBnpm access\fR. .P If not set, and a registry response fails with a challenge for a one-time password, npm will prompt on the command line for one. .SS "\fBpack-destination\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "." .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Directory in which \fBnpm pack\fR will save tarballs. .SS "\fBpackage\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P The package or packages to install for npm help exec .SS "\fBpackage-lock\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to false, then ignore \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files when installing. This will also prevent \fIwriting\fR \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if \fBsave\fR is true. .SS "\fBpackage-lock-only\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, the current operation will only use the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, ignoring \fBnode_modules\fR. .P For \fBupdate\fR this means only the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR will be updated, instead of checking \fBnode_modules\fR and downloading dependencies. .P For \fBlist\fR this means the output will be based on the tree described by the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, rather than the contents of \fBnode_modules\fR. .SS "\fBparseable\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Output parseable results from commands that write to standard output. For \fBnpm search\fR, this will be tab-separated table format. .SS "\fBprefer-dedupe\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Prefer to deduplicate packages if possible, rather than choosing a newer version of a dependency. .SS "\fBprefer-offline\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, staleness checks for cached data will be bypassed, but missing data will be requested from the server. To force full offline mode, use \fB--offline\fR. .SS "\fBprefer-online\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, staleness checks for cached data will be forced, making the CLI look for updates immediately even for fresh package data. .SS "\fBprefix\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: In global mode, the folder where the node executable is installed. Otherwise, the nearest parent folder containing either a package.json file or a node_modules folder. .IP \(bu 4 Type: Path .RE 0 .P The location to install global items. If set on the command line, then it forces non-global commands to run in the specified folder. .SS "\fBpreid\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The "prerelease identifier" to use as a prefix for the "prerelease" part of a semver. Like the \fBrc\fR in \fB1.2.0-rc.8\fR. .SS "\fBprogress\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBtrue\fR unless running in a known CI system .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set to \fBtrue\fR, npm will display a progress bar during time intensive operations, if \fBprocess.stderr\fR and \fBprocess.stdout\fR are a TTY. .P Set to \fBfalse\fR to suppress the progress bar. .SS "\fBprovenance\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When publishing from a supported cloud CI/CD system, the package will be publicly linked to where it was built and published from. .P This config can not be used with: \fBprovenance-file\fR .SS "\fBprovenance-file\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: Path .RE 0 .P When publishing, the provenance bundle at the given path will be used. .P This config can not be used with: \fBprovenance\fR .SS "\fBproxy\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null, false, or URL .RE 0 .P A proxy to use for outgoing http requests. If the \fBHTTP_PROXY\fR or \fBhttp_proxy\fR environment variables are set, proxy settings will be honored by the underlying \fBrequest\fR library. .SS "\fBread-only\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P This is used to mark a token as unable to publish when configuring limited access tokens with the \fBnpm token create\fR command. .SS "\fBrebuild-bundle\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Rebuild bundled dependencies after installation. .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBreplace-registry-host\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "npmjs" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "npmjs", "never", "always", or String .RE 0 .P Defines behavior for replacing the registry host in a lockfile with the configured registry. .P The default behavior is to replace package dist URLs from the default registry (https://registry.npmjs.org) to the configured registry. If set to "never", then use the registry value. If set to "always", then replace the registry host with the configured host every time. .P You may also specify a bare hostname (e.g., "registry.npmjs.org"). .SS "\fBsave\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBtrue\fR unless when using \fBnpm update\fR where it defaults to \fBfalse\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Save installed packages to a \fBpackage.json\fR file as dependencies. .P When used with the \fBnpm rm\fR command, removes the dependency from \fBpackage.json\fR. .P Will also prevent writing to \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if set to \fBfalse\fR. .SS "\fBsave-bundle\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If a package would be saved at install time by the use of \fB--save\fR, \fB--save-dev\fR, or \fB--save-optional\fR, then also put it in the \fBbundleDependencies\fR list. .P Ignored if \fB--save-peer\fR is set, since peerDependencies cannot be bundled. .SS "\fBsave-dev\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Save installed packages to a package.json file as \fBdevDependencies\fR. .SS "\fBsave-exact\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Dependencies saved to package.json will be configured with an exact version rather than using npm's default semver range operator. .SS "\fBsave-optional\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Save installed packages to a package.json file as \fBoptionalDependencies\fR. .SS "\fBsave-peer\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Save installed packages to a package.json file as \fBpeerDependencies\fR .SS "\fBsave-prefix\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "^" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Configure how versions of packages installed to a package.json file via \fB--save\fR or \fB--save-dev\fR get prefixed. .P For example if a package has version \fB1.2.3\fR, by default its version is set to \fB^1.2.3\fR which allows minor upgrades for that package, but after \fBnpm config set save-prefix='~'\fR it would be set to \fB~1.2.3\fR which only allows patch upgrades. .SS "\fBsave-prod\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Save installed packages into \fBdependencies\fR specifically. This is useful if a package already exists in \fBdevDependencies\fR or \fBoptionalDependencies\fR, but you want to move it to be a non-optional production dependency. .P This is the default behavior if \fB--save\fR is true, and neither \fB--save-dev\fR or \fB--save-optional\fR are true. .SS "\fBsbom-format\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: "cyclonedx" or "spdx" .RE 0 .P SBOM format to use when generating SBOMs. .SS "\fBsbom-type\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "library" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "library", "application", or "framework" .RE 0 .P The type of package described by the generated SBOM. For SPDX, this is the value for the \fBprimaryPackagePurpose\fR field. For CycloneDX, this is the value for the \fBtype\fR field. .SS "\fBscope\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: the scope of the current project, if any, or "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Associate an operation with a scope for a scoped registry. .P Useful when logging in to or out of a private registry: .P .RS 2 .nf # log in, linking the scope to the custom registry npm login --scope=@mycorp --registry=https://registry.mycorp.com # log out, removing the link and the auth token npm logout --scope=@mycorp .fi .RE .P This will cause \fB@mycorp\fR to be mapped to the registry for future installation of packages specified according to the pattern \fB@mycorp/package\fR. .P This will also cause \fBnpm init\fR to create a scoped package. .P .RS 2 .nf # accept all defaults, and create a package named "@foo/whatever", # instead of just named "whatever" npm init --scope=@foo --yes .fi .RE .SS "\fBscript-shell\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: '/bin/sh' on POSIX systems, 'cmd.exe' on Windows .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P The shell to use for scripts run with the \fBnpm exec\fR, \fBnpm run\fR and \fBnpm init <package-spec>\fR commands. .SS "\fBsearchexclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Space-separated options that limit the results from search. .SS "\fBsearchlimit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 20 .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .RE 0 .P Number of items to limit search results to. Will not apply at all to legacy searches. .SS "\fBsearchopts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Space-separated options that are always passed to search. .SS "\fBsearchstaleness\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 900 .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .RE 0 .P The age of the cache, in seconds, before another registry request is made if using legacy search endpoint. .SS "\fBshell\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: SHELL environment variable, or "bash" on Posix, or "cmd.exe" on Windows .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The shell to run for the \fBnpm explore\fR command. .SS "\fBsign-git-commit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, then the \fBnpm version\fR command will commit the new package version using \fB-S\fR to add a signature. .P Note that git requires you to have set up GPG keys in your git configs for this to work properly. .SS "\fBsign-git-tag\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, then the \fBnpm version\fR command will tag the version using \fB-s\fR to add a signature. .P Note that git requires you to have set up GPG keys in your git configs for this to work properly. .SS "\fBstrict-peer-deps\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to \fBtrue\fR, and \fB--legacy-peer-deps\fR is not set, then \fIany\fR conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR will be treated as an install failure, even if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on non-peer dependency relationships. .P By default, conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR deep in the dependency graph will be resolved using the nearest non-peer dependency specification, even if doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency outside the range set in their package's \fBpeerDependencies\fR object. .P When such an override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the conflict and the packages involved. If \fB--strict-peer-deps\fR is set, then this warning is treated as a failure. .SS "\fBstrict-ssl\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to do SSL key validation when making requests to the registry via https. .P See also the \fBca\fR config. .SS "\fBtag\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "latest" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P If you ask npm to install a package and don't tell it a specific version, then it will install the specified tag. .P It is the tag added to the package@version specified in the \fBnpm dist-tag add\fR command, if no explicit tag is given. .P When used by the \fBnpm diff\fR command, this is the tag used to fetch the tarball that will be compared with the local files by default. .P If used in the \fBnpm publish\fR command, this is the tag that will be added to the package submitted to the registry. .SS "\fBtag-version-prefix\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "v" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P If set, alters the prefix used when tagging a new version when performing a version increment using \fBnpm version\fR. To remove the prefix altogether, set it to the empty string: \fB""\fR. .P Because other tools may rely on the convention that npm version tags look like \fBv1.0.0\fR, \fIonly use this property if it is absolutely necessary\fR. In particular, use care when overriding this setting for public packages. .SS "\fBtiming\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, writes timing information to a process specific json file in the cache or \fBlogs-dir\fR. The file name ends with \fB-timing.json\fR. .P You can quickly view it with this \fBjson\fR \fI\(lahttps://npm.im/json\(ra\fR command line: \fBcat ~/.npm/_logs/*-timing.json | npm exec -- json -g\fR. .P Timing information will also be reported in the terminal. To suppress this while still writing the timing file, use \fB--silent\fR. .SS "\fBumask\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 0 .IP \(bu 4 Type: Octal numeric string in range 0000..0777 (0..511) .RE 0 .P The "umask" value to use when setting the file creation mode on files and folders. .P Folders and executables are given a mode which is \fB0o777\fR masked against this value. Other files are given a mode which is \fB0o666\fR masked against this value. .P Note that the underlying system will \fIalso\fR apply its own umask value to files and folders that are created, and npm does not circumvent this, but rather adds the \fB--umask\fR config to it. .P Thus, the effective default umask value on most POSIX systems is 0o22, meaning that folders and executables are created with a mode of 0o755 and other files are created with a mode of 0o644. .SS "\fBunicode\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false on windows, true on mac/unix systems with a unicode locale, as defined by the \fBLC_ALL\fR, \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, or \fBLANG\fR environment variables. .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set to true, npm uses unicode characters in the tree output. When false, it uses ascii characters instead of unicode glyphs. .SS "\fBupdate-notifier\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to false to suppress the update notification when using an older version of npm than the latest. .SS "\fBusage\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Show short usage output about the command specified. .SS "\fBuser-agent\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "npm/{npm-version} node/{node-version} {platform} {arch} workspaces/{workspaces} {ci}" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Sets the User-Agent request header. The following fields are replaced with their actual counterparts: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB{npm-version}\fR - The npm version in use .IP \(bu 4 \fB{node-version}\fR - The Node.js version in use .IP \(bu 4 \fB{platform}\fR - The value of \fBprocess.platform\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB{arch}\fR - The value of \fBprocess.arch\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB{workspaces}\fR - Set to \fBtrue\fR if the \fBworkspaces\fR or \fBworkspace\fR options are set. .IP \(bu 4 \fB{ci}\fR - The value of the \fBci-name\fR config, if set, prefixed with \fBci/\fR, or an empty string if \fBci-name\fR is empty. .RE 0 .SS "\fBuserconfig\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "~/.npmrc" .IP \(bu 4 Type: Path .RE 0 .P The location of user-level configuration settings. .P This may be overridden by the \fBnpm_config_userconfig\fR environment variable or the \fB--userconfig\fR command line option, but may \fInot\fR be overridden by settings in the \fBglobalconfig\fR file. .SS "\fBversion\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, output the npm version and exit successfully. .P Only relevant when specified explicitly on the command line. .SS "\fBversions\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, output the npm version as well as node's \fBprocess.versions\fR map and the version in the current working directory's \fBpackage.json\fR file if one exists, and exit successfully. .P Only relevant when specified explicitly on the command line. .SS "\fBviewer\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "man" on Posix, "browser" on Windows .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The program to use to view help content. .P Set to \fB"browser"\fR to view html help content in the default web browser. .SS "\fBwhich\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Number .RE 0 .P If there are multiple funding sources, which 1-indexed source URL to open. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces-update\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, the npm cli will run an update after operations that may possibly change the workspaces installed to the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. .SS "\fByes\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Automatically answer "yes" to any prompts that npm might print on the command line. .SS "\fBalso\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null, "dev", or "development" .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: Please use --include=dev instead. .RE 0 .P When set to \fBdev\fR or \fBdevelopment\fR, this is an alias for \fB--include=dev\fR. .SS "\fBcache-max\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: Infinity .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--prefer-online\fR .RE 0 .P \fB--cache-max=0\fR is an alias for \fB--prefer-online\fR .SS "\fBcache-min\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 0 .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--prefer-offline\fR. .RE 0 .P \fB--cache-min=9999 (or bigger)\fR is an alias for \fB--prefer-offline\fR. .SS "\fBcert\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: \fBkey\fR and \fBcert\fR are no longer used for most registry operations. Use registry scoped \fBkeyfile\fR and \fBcertfile\fR instead. Example: //other-registry.tld/:keyfile=/path/to/key.pem //other-registry.tld/:certfile=/path/to/cert.crt .RE 0 .P A client certificate to pass when accessing the registry. Values should be in PEM format (Windows calls it "Base-64 encoded X.509 (.CER)") with newlines replaced by the string "\[rs]n". For example: .P .RS 2 .nf cert="-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\[rs]nXXXX\[rs]nXXXX\[rs]n-----END CERTIFICATE-----" .fi .RE .P It is \fInot\fR the path to a certificate file, though you can set a registry-scoped "certfile" path like "//other-registry.tld/:certfile=/path/to/cert.pem". .SS "\fBdev\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: Please use --include=dev instead. .RE 0 .P Alias for \fB--include=dev\fR. .SS "\fBglobal-style\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR .RE 0 .P Only install direct dependencies in the top level \fBnode_modules\fR, but hoist on deeper dependencies. Sets \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR. .SS "\fBinit.author.email\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: Use \fB--init-author-email\fR instead. .RE 0 .P Alias for \fB--init-author-email\fR .SS "\fBinit.author.name\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: Use \fB--init-author-name\fR instead. .RE 0 .P Alias for \fB--init-author-name\fR .SS "\fBinit.author.url\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "" or URL .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: Use \fB--init-author-url\fR instead. .RE 0 .P Alias for \fB--init-author-url\fR .SS "\fBinit.license\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "ISC" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: Use \fB--init-license\fR instead. .RE 0 .P Alias for \fB--init-license\fR .SS "\fBinit.module\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "~/.npm-init.js" .IP \(bu 4 Type: Path .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: Use \fB--init-module\fR instead. .RE 0 .P Alias for \fB--init-module\fR .SS "\fBinit.version\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "1.0.0" .IP \(bu 4 Type: SemVer string .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: Use \fB--init-version\fR instead. .RE 0 .P Alias for \fB--init-version\fR .SS "\fBkey\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: \fBkey\fR and \fBcert\fR are no longer used for most registry operations. Use registry scoped \fBkeyfile\fR and \fBcertfile\fR instead. Example: //other-registry.tld/:keyfile=/path/to/key.pem //other-registry.tld/:certfile=/path/to/cert.crt .RE 0 .P A client key to pass when accessing the registry. Values should be in PEM format with newlines replaced by the string "\[rs]n". For example: .P .RS 2 .nf key="-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\[rs]nXXXX\[rs]nXXXX\[rs]n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----" .fi .RE .P It is \fInot\fR the path to a key file, though you can set a registry-scoped "keyfile" path like "//other-registry.tld/:keyfile=/path/to/key.pem". .SS "\fBlegacy-bundling\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR .RE 0 .P Instead of hoisting package installs in \fBnode_modules\fR, install packages in the same manner that they are depended on. This may cause very deep directory structures and duplicate package installs as there is no de-duplicating. Sets \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR. .SS "\fBonly\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null, "prod", or "production" .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: Use \fB--omit=dev\fR to omit dev dependencies from the install. .RE 0 .P When set to \fBprod\fR or \fBproduction\fR, this is an alias for \fB--omit=dev\fR. .SS "\fBoptional\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: Use \fB--omit=optional\fR to exclude optional dependencies, or \fB--include=optional\fR to include them. .RE 0 .P Default value does install optional deps unless otherwise omitted. .P Alias for --include=optional or --omit=optional .SS "\fBproduction\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: Use \fB--omit=dev\fR instead. .RE 0 .P Alias for \fB--omit=dev\fR .SS "\fBshrinkwrap\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: Use the --package-lock setting instead. .RE 0 .P Alias for --package-lock .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help scripts .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help npm .RE 0 PK ! 4Xa 6 6 man7/scripts.7nu �[��� .TH "SCRIPTS" "7" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBscripts\fR - How npm handles the "scripts" field .SS "Description" .P The \fB"scripts"\fR property of your \fBpackage.json\fR file supports a number of built-in scripts and their preset life cycle events as well as arbitrary scripts. These all can be executed by running \fBnpm run-script <stage>\fR or \fBnpm run <stage>\fR for short. \fIPre\fR and \fIpost\fR commands with matching names will be run for those as well (e.g. \fBpremyscript\fR, \fBmyscript\fR, \fBpostmyscript\fR). Scripts from dependencies can be run with \fBnpm explore <pkg> -- npm run <stage>\fR. .SS "Pre & Post Scripts" .P To create "pre" or "post" scripts for any scripts defined in the \fB"scripts"\fR section of the \fBpackage.json\fR, simply create another script \fIwith a matching name\fR and add "pre" or "post" to the beginning of them. .P .RS 2 .nf { "scripts": { "precompress": "{{ executes BEFORE the `compress` script }}", "compress": "{{ run command to compress files }}", "postcompress": "{{ executes AFTER `compress` script }}" } } .fi .RE .P In this example \fBnpm run compress\fR would execute these scripts as described. .SS "Life Cycle Scripts" .P There are some special life cycle scripts that happen only in certain situations. These scripts happen in addition to the \fBpre<event>\fR, \fBpost<event>\fR, and \fB<event>\fR scripts. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepare\fR, \fBprepublish\fR, \fBprepublishOnly\fR, \fBprepack\fR, \fBpostpack\fR, \fBdependencies\fR .RE 0 .P \fBprepare\fR (since \fBnpm@4.0.0\fR) .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Runs BEFORE the package is packed, i.e. during \fBnpm publish\fR and \fBnpm pack\fR .IP \(bu 4 Runs on local \fBnpm install\fR without any arguments .IP \(bu 4 Runs AFTER \fBprepublish\fR, but BEFORE \fBprepublishOnly\fR .IP \(bu 4 NOTE: If a package being installed through git contains a \fBprepare\fR script, its \fBdependencies\fR and \fBdevDependencies\fR will be installed, and the prepare script will be run, before the package is packaged and installed. .IP \(bu 4 As of \fBnpm@7\fR these scripts run in the background. To see the output, run with: \fB--foreground-scripts\fR. .RE 0 .P \fBprepublish\fR (DEPRECATED) .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Does not run during \fBnpm publish\fR, but does run during \fBnpm ci\fR and \fBnpm install\fR. See below for more info. .RE 0 .P \fBprepublishOnly\fR .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Runs BEFORE the package is prepared and packed, ONLY on \fBnpm publish\fR. .RE 0 .P \fBprepack\fR .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Runs BEFORE a tarball is packed (on "\fBnpm pack\fR", "\fBnpm publish\fR", and when installing a git dependency). .IP \(bu 4 NOTE: "\fBnpm run pack\fR" is NOT the same as "\fBnpm pack\fR". "\fBnpm run pack\fR" is an arbitrary user defined script name, where as, "\fBnpm pack\fR" is a CLI defined command. .RE 0 .P \fBpostpack\fR .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Runs AFTER the tarball has been generated but before it is moved to its final destination (if at all, publish does not save the tarball locally) .RE 0 .P \fBdependencies\fR .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Runs AFTER any operations that modify the \fBnode_modules\fR directory IF changes occurred. .IP \(bu 4 Does NOT run in global mode .RE 0 .SS "Prepare and Prepublish" .P \fBDeprecation Note: prepublish\fR .P Since \fBnpm@1.1.71\fR, the npm CLI has run the \fBprepublish\fR script for both \fBnpm publish\fR and \fBnpm install\fR, because it's a convenient way to prepare a package for use (some common use cases are described in the section below). It has also turned out to be, in practice, \fBvery confusing\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/npm/issues/10074\(ra\fR. As of \fBnpm@4.0.0\fR, a new event has been introduced, \fBprepare\fR, that preserves this existing behavior. A \fInew\fR event, \fBprepublishOnly\fR has been added as a transitional strategy to allow users to avoid the confusing behavior of existing npm versions and only run on \fBnpm publish\fR (for instance, running the tests one last time to ensure they're in good shape). .P See \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/npm/issues/10074\(ra\fR for a much lengthier justification, with further reading, for this change. .P \fBUse Cases\fR .P If you need to perform operations on your package before it is used, in a way that is not dependent on the operating system or architecture of the target system, use a \fBprepublish\fR script. This includes tasks such as: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Compiling CoffeeScript source code into JavaScript. .IP \(bu 4 Creating minified versions of JavaScript source code. .IP \(bu 4 Fetching remote resources that your package will use. .RE 0 .P The advantage of doing these things at \fBprepublish\fR time is that they can be done once, in a single place, thus reducing complexity and variability. Additionally, this means that: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 You can depend on \fBcoffee-script\fR as a \fBdevDependency\fR, and thus your users don't need to have it installed. .IP \(bu 4 You don't need to include minifiers in your package, reducing the size for your users. .IP \(bu 4 You don't need to rely on your users having \fBcurl\fR or \fBwget\fR or other system tools on the target machines. .RE 0 .SS "Dependencies" .P The \fBdependencies\fR script is run any time an \fBnpm\fR command causes changes to the \fBnode_modules\fR directory. It is run AFTER the changes have been applied and the \fBpackage.json\fR and \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files have been updated. .SS "Life Cycle Operation Order" .SS "npm help \"cache add\"" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepare\fR .RE 0 .SS "npm help ci" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBpreinstall\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBinstall\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpostinstall\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepublish\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpreprepare\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepare\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpostprepare\fR .RE 0 .P These all run after the actual installation of modules into \fBnode_modules\fR, in order, with no internal actions happening in between .SS "npm help diff" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepare\fR .RE 0 .SS "npm help install" .P These also run when you run \fBnpm install -g <pkg-name>\fR .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBpreinstall\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBinstall\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpostinstall\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepublish\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpreprepare\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepare\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpostprepare\fR .RE 0 .P If there is a \fBbinding.gyp\fR file in the root of your package and you haven't defined your own \fBinstall\fR or \fBpreinstall\fR scripts, npm will default the \fBinstall\fR command to compile using node-gyp via \fBnode-gyp rebuild\fR .P These are run from the scripts of \fB<pkg-name>\fR .SS "npm help pack" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepack\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepare\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpostpack\fR .RE 0 .SS "npm help publish" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepublishOnly\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepack\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepare\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpostpack\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpublish\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpostpublish\fR .RE 0 .SS "npm help rebuild" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBpreinstall\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBinstall\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpostinstall\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepare\fR .RE 0 .P \fBprepare\fR is only run if the current directory is a symlink (e.g. with linked packages) .SS "npm help restart" .P If there is a \fBrestart\fR script defined, these events are run, otherwise \fBstop\fR and \fBstart\fR are both run if present, including their \fBpre\fR and \fBpost\fR iterations) .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBprerestart\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBrestart\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpostrestart\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fB\fBnpm run <user defined>\fR\fR \fI\(la/commands/npm-run-script\(ra\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBpre<user-defined>\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB<user-defined>\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpost<user-defined>\fR .RE 0 .SS "npm help start" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBprestart\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBstart\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpoststart\fR .RE 0 .P If there is a \fBserver.js\fR file in the root of your package, then npm will default the \fBstart\fR command to \fBnode server.js\fR. \fBprestart\fR and \fBpoststart\fR will still run in this case. .SS "npm help stop" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBprestop\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBstop\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpoststop\fR .RE 0 .SS "npm help test" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBpretest\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBtest\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBposttest\fR .RE 0 .SS "npm help version" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBpreversion\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBversion\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpostversion\fR .RE 0 .SS "A Note on a lack of npm help uninstall scripts" .P While npm v6 had \fBuninstall\fR lifecycle scripts, npm v7 does not. Removal of a package can happen for a wide variety of reasons, and there's no clear way to currently give the script enough context to be useful. .P Reasons for a package removal include: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 a user directly uninstalled this package .IP \(bu 4 a user uninstalled a dependant package and so this dependency is being uninstalled .IP \(bu 4 a user uninstalled a dependant package but another package also depends on this version .IP \(bu 4 this version has been merged as a duplicate with another version .IP \(bu 4 etc. .RE 0 .P Due to the lack of necessary context, \fBuninstall\fR lifecycle scripts are not implemented and will not function. .SS "User" .P When npm is run as root, scripts are always run with the effective uid and gid of the working directory owner. .SS "Environment" .P Package scripts run in an environment where many pieces of information are made available regarding the setup of npm and the current state of the process. .SS "path" .P If you depend on modules that define executable scripts, like test suites, then those executables will be added to the \fBPATH\fR for executing the scripts. So, if your package.json has this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name" : "foo", "dependencies" : { "bar" : "0.1.x" }, "scripts": { "start" : "bar ./test" } } .fi .RE .P then you could run \fBnpm start\fR to execute the \fBbar\fR script, which is exported into the \fBnode_modules/.bin\fR directory on \fBnpm install\fR. .SS "package.json vars" .P The package.json fields are tacked onto the \fBnpm_package_\fR prefix. So, for instance, if you had \fB{"name":"foo", "version":"1.2.5"}\fR in your package.json file, then your package scripts would have the \fBnpm_package_name\fR environment variable set to "foo", and the \fBnpm_package_version\fR set to "1.2.5". You can access these variables in your code with \fBprocess.env.npm_package_name\fR and \fBprocess.env.npm_package_version\fR, and so on for other fields. .P See \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR for more on package configs. .SS "current lifecycle event" .P Lastly, the \fBnpm_lifecycle_event\fR environment variable is set to whichever stage of the cycle is being executed. So, you could have a single script used for different parts of the process which switches based on what's currently happening. .P Objects are flattened following this format, so if you had \fB{"scripts":{"install":"foo.js"}}\fR in your package.json, then you'd see this in the script: .P .RS 2 .nf process.env.npm_package_scripts_install === "foo.js" .fi .RE .SS "Examples" .P For example, if your package.json contains this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "scripts" : { "install" : "scripts/install.js", "postinstall" : "scripts/install.js" } } .fi .RE .P then \fBscripts/install.js\fR will be called for the install and post-install stages of the lifecycle. Since \fBscripts/install.js\fR is running for two different phases, it would be wise in this case to look at the \fBnpm_lifecycle_event\fR environment variable. .P If you want to run a make command, you can do so. This works just fine: .P .RS 2 .nf { "scripts" : { "preinstall" : "./configure", "install" : "make && make install", "test" : "make test" } } .fi .RE .SS "Exiting" .P Scripts are run by passing the line as a script argument to \fBsh\fR. .P If the script exits with a code other than 0, then this will abort the process. .P Note that these script files don't have to be Node.js or even JavaScript programs. They just have to be some kind of executable file. .SS "Best Practices" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Don't exit with a non-zero error code unless you \fIreally\fR mean it. If the failure is minor or only will prevent some optional features, then it's better to just print a warning and exit successfully. .IP \(bu 4 Try not to use scripts to do what npm can do for you. Read through \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR to see all the things that you can specify and enable by simply describing your package appropriately. In general, this will lead to a more robust and consistent state. .IP \(bu 4 Inspect the env to determine where to put things. For instance, if the \fBnpm_config_binroot\fR environment variable is set to \fB/home/user/bin\fR, then don't try to install executables into \fB/usr/local/bin\fR. The user probably set it up that way for a reason. .IP \(bu 4 Don't prefix your script commands with "sudo". If root permissions are required for some reason, then it'll fail with that error, and the user will sudo the npm command in question. .IP \(bu 4 Don't use \fBinstall\fR. Use a \fB.gyp\fR file for compilation, and \fBprepare\fR for anything else. You should almost never have to explicitly set a preinstall or install script. If you are doing this, please consider if there is another option. The only valid use of \fBinstall\fR or \fBpreinstall\fR scripts is for compilation which must be done on the target architecture. .IP \(bu 4 Scripts are run from the root of the package folder, regardless of what the current working directory is when \fBnpm\fR is invoked. If you want your script to use different behavior based on what subdirectory you're in, you can use the \fBINIT_CWD\fR environment variable, which holds the full path you were in when you ran \fBnpm run\fR. .RE 0 .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help run-script .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help developers .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .RE 0 PK ! �^�� � man7/package-spec.7nu �[��� .TH "PACKAGE-SPEC" "7" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBpackage-spec\fR - Package name specifier .SS "Description" .P Commands like \fBnpm install\fR and the dependency sections in the \fBpackage.json\fR use a package name specifier. This can be many different things that all refer to a "package". Examples include a package name, git url, tarball, or local directory. These will generally be referred to as \fB<package-spec>\fR in the help output for the npm commands that use this package name specifier. .SS "Package name" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB\[lB]<@scope>/\[rB]<pkg>\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB\[lB]<@scope>/\[rB]<pkg>@<tag>\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB\[lB]<@scope>/\[rB]<pkg>@<version>\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB\[lB]<@scope>/\[rB]<pkg>@<version range>\fR .RE 0 .P Refers to a package by name, with or without a scope, and optionally tag, version, or version range. This is typically used in combination with the \fBregistry\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#registry\(ra\fR config to refer to a package in a registry. .P Examples: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB@npmcli/arborist\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB@npmcli/arborist@latest\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm@6.13.1\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm@^4.0.0\fR .RE 0 .SS "Aliases" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB<alias>@npm:<name>\fR .RE 0 .P Primarily used by commands like \fBnpm install\fR and in the dependency sections in the \fBpackage.json\fR, this refers to a package by an alias. The \fB<alias>\fR is the name of the package as it is reified in the \fBnode_modules\fR folder, and the \fB<name>\fR refers to a package name as found in the configured registry. .P See \fBPackage name\fR above for more info on referring to a package by name, and \fBregistry\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#registry\(ra\fR for configuring which registry is used when referring to a package by name. .P Examples: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBsemver:@npm:@npmcli/semver-with-patch\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBsemver:@npm:semver@7.2.2\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBsemver:@npm:semver@legacy\fR .RE 0 .SS "Folders" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB<folder>\fR .RE 0 .P This refers to a package on the local filesystem. Specifically this is a folder with a \fBpackage.json\fR file in it. This \fIshould\fR always be prefixed with a \fB/\fR or \fB./\fR (or your OS equivalent) to reduce confusion. npm currently will parse a string with more than one \fB/\fR in it as a folder, but this is legacy behavior that may be removed in a future version. .P Examples: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB./my-package\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB/opt/npm/my-package\fR .RE 0 .SS "Tarballs" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB<tarball file>\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB<tarball url>\fR .RE 0 .P Examples: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB./my-package.tgz\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBhttps://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-1.0.0.tgz\fR .RE 0 .P Refers to a package in a tarball format, either on the local filesystem or remotely via url. This is the format that packages exist in when uploaded to a registry. .SS "git urls" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB<git:// url>\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB<github username>/<github project>\fR .RE 0 .P Refers to a package in a git repo. This can be a full git url, git shorthand, or a username/package on GitHub. You can specify a git tag, branch, or other git ref by appending \fB#ref\fR. .P Examples: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBhttps://github.com/npm/cli.git\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBgit@github.com:npm/cli.git\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBgit+ssh://git@github.com/npm/cli#v6.0.0\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBgithub:npm/cli#HEAD\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm/cli#c12ea07\fR .RE 0 .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm-package-arg\fR \fI\(lahttps://npm.im/npm-package-arg\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help scope .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .RE 0 PK ! +:�2'8 '8 man7/dependency-selectors.7nu �[��� .TH "QUERYING" "7" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBQuerying\fR - Dependency Selector Syntax & Querying .SS "Description" .P The npm help query command exposes a new dependency selector syntax (informed by & respecting many aspects of the \fBCSS Selectors 4 Spec\fR \fI\(lahttps://dev.w3.org/csswg/selectors4/#relational\(ra\fR) which: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Standardizes the shape of, & querying of, dependency graphs with a robust object model, metadata & selector syntax .IP \(bu 4 Leverages existing, known language syntax & operators from CSS to make disparate package information broadly accessible .IP \(bu 4 Unlocks the ability to answer complex, multi-faceted questions about dependencies, their relationships & associative metadata .IP \(bu 4 Consolidates redundant logic of similar query commands in \fBnpm\fR (ex. \fBnpm fund\fR, \fBnpm ls\fR, \fBnpm outdated\fR, \fBnpm audit\fR ...) .RE 0 .SS "Dependency Selector Syntax" .SS "Overview:" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 there is no "type" or "tag" selectors (ex. \fBdiv, h1, a\fR) as a dependency/target is the only type of \fBNode\fR that can be queried .IP \(bu 4 the term "dependencies" is in reference to any \fBNode\fR found in a \fBtree\fR returned by \fBArborist\fR .RE 0 .SS "Combinators" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB>\fR direct descendant/child .IP \(bu 4 \fB \fR any descendant/child .IP \(bu 4 \fB~\fR sibling .RE 0 .SS "Selectors" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB*\fR universal selector .IP \(bu 4 \fB#<name>\fR dependency selector (equivalent to \fB\[lB]name="..."\[rB]\fR) .IP \(bu 4 \fB#<name>@<version>\fR (equivalent to \fB\[lB]name=<name>\[rB]:semver(<version>)\fR) .IP \(bu 4 \fB,\fR selector list delimiter .IP \(bu 4 \fB.\fR dependency type selector .IP \(bu 4 \fB:\fR pseudo selector .RE 0 .SS "Dependency Type Selectors" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB.prod\fR dependency found in the \fBdependencies\fR section of \fBpackage.json\fR, or is a child of said dependency .IP \(bu 4 \fB.dev\fR dependency found in the \fBdevDependencies\fR section of \fBpackage.json\fR, or is a child of said dependency .IP \(bu 4 \fB.optional\fR dependency found in the \fBoptionalDependencies\fR section of \fBpackage.json\fR, or has \fB"optional": true\fR set in its entry in the \fBpeerDependenciesMeta\fR section of \fBpackage.json\fR, or a child of said dependency .IP \(bu 4 \fB.peer\fR dependency found in the \fBpeerDependencies\fR section of \fBpackage.json\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.workspace\fR dependency found in the \fB\fBworkspaces\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://docs.npmjs.com/cli/v8/using-npm/workspaces\(ra\fR section of \fBpackage.json\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.bundled\fR dependency found in the \fBbundleDependencies\fR section of \fBpackage.json\fR, or is a child of said dependency .RE 0 .SS "Pseudo Selectors" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB\fB:not(<selector>)\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/:not\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB\fB:has(<selector>)\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/:has\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB\fB:is(<selector list>)\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/:is\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB\fB:root\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/:root\(ra\fR matches the root node/dependency .IP \(bu 4 \fB\fB:scope\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/:scope\(ra\fR matches node/dependency it was queried against .IP \(bu 4 \fB\fB:empty\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/:empty\(ra\fR when a dependency has no dependencies .IP \(bu 4 \fB\fB:private\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://docs.npmjs.com/cli/v8/configuring-npm/package-json#private\(ra\fR when a dependency is private .IP \(bu 4 \fB:link\fR when a dependency is linked (for instance, workspaces or packages manually \fB\fBlinked\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://docs.npmjs.com/cli/v8/commands/npm-link\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB:deduped\fR when a dependency has been deduped (note that this does \fInot\fR always mean the dependency has been hoisted to the root of node_modules) .IP \(bu 4 \fB:overridden\fR when a dependency has been overridden .IP \(bu 4 \fB:extraneous\fR when a dependency exists but is not defined as a dependency of any node .IP \(bu 4 \fB:invalid\fR when a dependency version is out of its ancestors specified range .IP \(bu 4 \fB:missing\fR when a dependency is not found on disk .IP \(bu 4 \fB:semver(<spec>, \[lB]selector\[rB], \[lB]function\[rB])\fR match a valid \fB\fBnode-semver\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver\(ra\fR version or range to a selector .IP \(bu 4 \fB:path(<path>)\fR \fBglob\fR \fI\(lahttps://www.npmjs.com/package/glob\(ra\fR matching based on dependencies path relative to the project .IP \(bu 4 \fB:type(<type>)\fR \fBbased on currently recognized types\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/npm-package-arg#result-object\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB:outdated(<type>)\fR when a dependency is outdated .IP \(bu 4 \fB:vuln(<selector>)\fR when a dependency has a known vulnerability .RE 0 .SS "\fB:semver(<spec>, \[lB]selector\[rB], \[lB]function\[rB])\fR" .P The \fB:semver()\fR pseudo selector allows comparing fields from each node's \fBpackage.json\fR using \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#readme\(ra\fR methods. It accepts up to 3 parameters, all but the first of which are optional. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBspec\fR a semver version or range .IP \(bu 4 \fBselector\fR an attribute selector for each node (default \fB\[lB]version\[rB]\fR) .IP \(bu 4 \fBfunction\fR a semver method to apply, one of: \fBsatisfies\fR, \fBintersects\fR, \fBsubset\fR, \fBgt\fR, \fBgte\fR, \fBgtr\fR, \fBlt\fR, \fBlte\fR, \fBltr\fR, \fBeq\fR, \fBneq\fR or the special function \fBinfer\fR (default \fBinfer\fR) .RE 0 .P When the special \fBinfer\fR function is used the \fBspec\fR and the actual value from the node are compared. If both are versions, according to \fBsemver.valid()\fR, \fBeq\fR is used. If both values are ranges, according to \fB!semver.valid()\fR, \fBintersects\fR is used. If the values are mixed types \fBsatisfies\fR is used. .P Some examples: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB:semver(^1.0.0)\fR returns every node that has a \fBversion\fR satisfied by the provided range \fB^1.0.0\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB:semver(16.0.0, :attr(engines, \[lB]node\[rB]))\fR returns every node which has an \fBengines.node\fR property satisfying the version \fB16.0.0\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB:semver(1.0.0, \[lB]version\[rB], lt)\fR every node with a \fBversion\fR less than \fB1.0.0\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fB:outdated(<type>)\fR" .P The \fB:outdated\fR pseudo selector retrieves data from the registry and returns information about which of your dependencies are outdated. The type parameter may be one of the following: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBany\fR (default) a version exists that is greater than the current one .IP \(bu 4 \fBin-range\fR a version exists that is greater than the current one, and satisfies at least one if its parent's dependencies .IP \(bu 4 \fBout-of-range\fR a version exists that is greater than the current one, does not satisfy at least one of its parent's dependencies .IP \(bu 4 \fBmajor\fR a version exists that is a semver major greater than the current one .IP \(bu 4 \fBminor\fR a version exists that is a semver minor greater than the current one .IP \(bu 4 \fBpatch\fR a version exists that is a semver patch greater than the current one .RE 0 .P In addition to the filtering performed by the pseudo selector, some extra data is added to the resulting objects. The following data can be found under the \fBqueryContext\fR property of each node. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBversions\fR an array of every available version of the given node .IP \(bu 4 \fBoutdated.inRange\fR an array of objects, each with a \fBfrom\fR and \fBversions\fR, where \fBfrom\fR is the on-disk location of the node that depends on the current node and \fBversions\fR is an array of all available versions that satisfies that dependency. This is only populated if \fB:outdated(in-range)\fR is used. .IP \(bu 4 \fBoutdated.outOfRange\fR an array of objects, identical in shape to \fBinRange\fR, but where the \fBversions\fR array is every available version that does not satisfy the dependency. This is only populated if \fB:outdated(out-of-range)\fR is used. .RE 0 .P Some examples: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB:root > :outdated(major)\fR returns every direct dependency that has a new semver major release .IP \(bu 4 \fB.prod:outdated(in-range)\fR returns production dependencies that have a new release that satisfies at least one of its parent's dependencies .RE 0 .SS "\fB:vuln\fR" .P The \fB:vuln\fR pseudo selector retrieves data from the registry and returns information about which if your dependencies has a known vulnerability. Only dependencies whose current version matches a vulnerability will be returned. For example if you have \fBsemver@7.6.0\fR in your tree, a vulnerability for \fBsemver\fR which affects versions \fB<=6.3.1\fR will not match. .P You can also filter results by certain attributes in advisories. Currently that includes \fBseverity\fR and \fBcwe\fR. Note that severity filtering is done per severity, it does not include severities "higher" or "lower" than the one specified. .P In addition to the filtering performed by the pseudo selector, info about each relevant advisory will be added to the \fBqueryContext\fR attribute of each node under the \fBadvisories\fR attribute. .P Some examples: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB:root > .prod:vuln\fR returns direct production dependencies with any known vulnerability .IP \(bu 4 \fB:vuln(\[lB]severity=high\[rB])\fR returns only dependencies with a vulnerability with a \fBhigh\fR severity. .IP \(bu 4 \fB:vuln(\[lB]severity=high\[rB],\[lB]severity=moderate\[rB])\fR returns only dependencies with a vulnerability with a \fBhigh\fR or \fBmoderate\fR severity. .IP \(bu 4 \fB:vuln(\[lB]cwe=1333\[rB])\fR returns only dependencies with a vulnerability that includes CWE-1333 (ReDoS) .RE 0 .SS "\fBAttribute Selectors\fR \fI\(lahttps://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors\(ra\fR" .P The attribute selector evaluates the key/value pairs in \fBpackage.json\fR if they are \fBString\fRs. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB\[lB]\[rB]\fR attribute selector (ie. existence of attribute) .IP \(bu 4 \fB\[lB]attribute=value\[rB]\fR attribute value is equivalent... .IP \(bu 4 \fB\[lB]attribute~=value\[rB]\fR attribute value contains word... .IP \(bu 4 \fB\[lB]attribute*=value\[rB]\fR attribute value contains string... .IP \(bu 4 \fB\[lB]attribute|=value\[rB]\fR attribute value is equal to or starts with... .IP \(bu 4 \fB\[lB]attribute^=value\[rB]\fR attribute value starts with... .IP \(bu 4 \fB\[lB]attribute$=value\[rB]\fR attribute value ends with... .RE 0 .SS "\fBArray\fR & \fBObject\fR Attribute Selectors" .P The generic \fB:attr()\fR pseudo selector standardizes a pattern which can be used for attribute selection of \fBObject\fRs, \fBArray\fRs or \fBArrays\fR of \fBObject\fRs accessible via \fBArborist\fR's \fBNode.package\fR metadata. This allows for iterative attribute selection beyond top-level \fBString\fR evaluation. The last argument passed to \fB:attr()\fR must be an \fBattribute\fR selector or a nested \fB:attr()\fR. See examples below: .SS "\fBObjects\fR" .P .RS 2 .nf /* return dependencies that have a `scripts.test` containing `"tap"` */ *:attr(scripts, \[lB]test~=tap\[rB]) .fi .RE .SS "Nested \fBObjects\fR" .P Nested objects are expressed as sequential arguments to \fB:attr()\fR. .P .RS 2 .nf /* return dependencies that have a testling config for opera browsers */ *:attr(testling, browsers, \[lB]~=opera\[rB]) .fi .RE .SS "\fBArrays\fR" .P \fBArray\fRs specifically uses a special/reserved \fB.\fR character in place of a typical attribute name. \fBArrays\fR also support exact \fBvalue\fR matching when a \fBString\fR is passed to the selector. .SS "Example of an \fBArray\fR Attribute Selection:" .P .RS 2 .nf /* removes the distinction between properties & arrays */ /* ie. we'd have to check the property & iterate to match selection */ *:attr(\[lB]keywords^=react\[rB]) *:attr(contributors, :attr(\[lB]name~=Jordan\[rB])) .fi .RE .SS "Example of an \fBArray\fR matching directly to a value:" .P .RS 2 .nf /* return dependencies that have the exact keyword "react" */ /* this is equivalent to `*:keywords(\[lB]value="react"\[rB])` */ *:attr(\[lB]keywords=react\[rB]) .fi .RE .SS "Example of an \fBArray\fR of \fBObject\fRs:" .P .RS 2 .nf /* returns */ *:attr(contributors, \[lB]email=ruyadorno@github.com\[rB]) .fi .RE .SS "Groups" .P Dependency groups are defined by the package relationships to their ancestors (ie. the dependency types that are defined in \fBpackage.json\fR). This approach is user-centric as the ecosystem has been taught to think about dependencies in these groups first-and-foremost. Dependencies are allowed to be included in multiple groups (ex. a \fBprod\fR dependency may also be a \fBdev\fR dependency (in that it's also required by another \fBdev\fR dependency) & may also be \fBbundled\fR - a selector for that type of dependency would look like: \fB*.prod.dev.bundled\fR). .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB.prod\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.dev\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.optional\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.peer\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.bundled\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.workspace\fR .RE 0 .P Please note that currently \fBworkspace\fR deps are always \fBprod\fR dependencies. Additionally the \fB.root\fR dependency is also considered a \fBprod\fR dependency. .SS "Programmatic Usage" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBArborist\fR's \fBNode\fR Class has a \fB.querySelectorAll()\fR method .RS 4 .IP \(bu 4 this method will return a filtered, flattened dependency Arborist \fBNode\fR list based on a valid query selector .RE 0 .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf const Arborist = require('@npmcli/arborist') const arb = new Arborist({}) .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf // root-level arb.loadActual().then(async (tree) => { // query all production dependencies const results = await tree.querySelectorAll('.prod') console.log(results) }) .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf // iterative arb.loadActual().then(async (tree) => { // query for the deduped version of react const results = await tree.querySelectorAll('#react:not(:deduped)') // query the deduped react for git deps const deps = await results\[lB]0\[rB].querySelectorAll(':type(git)') console.log(deps) }) .fi .RE .SH "SEE ALSO" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help query .IP \(bu 4 \fB@npmcli/arborist\fR \fI\(lahttps://npm.im/@npmcli/arborist\(ra\fR .RE 0 PK ! � �' ' man7/scope.7nu �[��� .TH "SCOPE" "7" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBscope\fR - Scoped packages .SS "Description" .P All npm packages have a name. Some package names also have a scope. A scope follows the usual rules for package names (URL-safe characters, no leading dots or underscores). When used in package names, scopes are preceded by an \fB@\fR symbol and followed by a slash, e.g. .P .RS 2 .nf @somescope/somepackagename .fi .RE .P Scopes are a way of grouping related packages together, and also affect a few things about the way npm treats the package. .P Each npm user/organization has their own scope, and only you can add packages in your scope. This means you don't have to worry about someone taking your package name ahead of you. Thus it is also a good way to signal official packages for organizations. .P Scoped packages can be published and installed as of \fBnpm@2\fR and are supported by the primary npm registry. Unscoped packages can depend on scoped packages and vice versa. The npm client is backwards-compatible with unscoped registries, so it can be used to work with scoped and unscoped registries at the same time. .SS "Installing scoped packages" .P Scoped packages are installed to a sub-folder of the regular installation folder, e.g. if your other packages are installed in \fBnode_modules/packagename\fR, scoped modules will be installed in \fBnode_modules/@myorg/packagename\fR. The scope folder (\fB@myorg\fR) is simply the name of the scope preceded by an \fB@\fR symbol, and can contain any number of scoped packages. .P A scoped package is installed by referencing it by name, preceded by an \fB@\fR symbol, in \fBnpm install\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install @myorg/mypackage .fi .RE .P Or in \fBpackage.json\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf "dependencies": { "@myorg/mypackage": "^1.3.0" } .fi .RE .P Note that if the \fB@\fR symbol is omitted, in either case, npm will instead attempt to install from GitHub; see npm help install. .SS "Requiring scoped packages" .P Because scoped packages are installed into a scope folder, you have to include the name of the scope when requiring them in your code, e.g. .P .RS 2 .nf require('@myorg/mypackage') .fi .RE .P There is nothing special about the way Node treats scope folders. This simply requires the \fBmypackage\fR module in the folder named \fB@myorg\fR. .SS "Publishing scoped packages" .P Scoped packages can be published from the CLI as of \fBnpm@2\fR and can be published to any registry that supports them, including the primary npm registry. .P (As of 2015-04-19, and with npm 2.0 or better, the primary npm registry \fBdoes\fR support scoped packages.) .P If you wish, you may associate a scope with a registry; see below. .SS "Publishing public scoped packages to the primary npm registry" .P Publishing to a scope, you have two options: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Publishing to your user scope (example: \fB@username/module\fR) .IP \(bu 4 Publishing to an organization scope (example: \fB@org/module\fR) .RE 0 .P If publishing a public module to an organization scope, you must first either create an organization with the name of the scope that you'd like to publish to or be added to an existing organization with the appropriate permissions. For example, if you'd like to publish to \fB@org\fR, you would need to create the \fBorg\fR organization on npmjs.com prior to trying to publish. .P Scoped packages are not public by default. You will need to specify \fB--access public\fR with the initial \fBnpm publish\fR command. This will publish the package and set access to \fBpublic\fR as if you had run \fBnpm access public\fR after publishing. You do not need to do this when publishing new versions of an existing scoped package. .SS "Publishing private scoped packages to the npm registry" .P To publish a private scoped package to the npm registry, you must have an \fBnpm Private Modules\fR \fI\(lahttps://docs.npmjs.com/private-modules/intro\(ra\fR account. .P You can then publish the module with \fBnpm publish\fR or \fBnpm publish --access restricted\fR, and it will be present in the npm registry, with restricted access. You can then change the access permissions, if desired, with \fBnpm access\fR or on the npmjs.com website. .SS "Associating a scope with a registry" .P Scopes can be associated with a separate registry. This allows you to seamlessly use a mix of packages from the primary npm registry and one or more private registries, such as \fBGitHub Packages\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/features/packages\(ra\fR or the open source \fBVerdaccio\fR \fI\(lahttps://verdaccio.org\(ra\fR project. .P You can associate a scope with a registry at login, e.g. .P .RS 2 .nf npm login --registry=http://reg.example.com --scope=@myco .fi .RE .P Scopes have a many-to-one relationship with registries: one registry can host multiple scopes, but a scope only ever points to one registry. .P You can also associate a scope with a registry using \fBnpm config\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf npm config set @myco:registry=http://reg.example.com .fi .RE .P Once a scope is associated with a registry, any \fBnpm install\fR for a package with that scope will request packages from that registry instead. Any \fBnpm publish\fR for a package name that contains the scope will be published to that registry instead. .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help access .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .RE 0 PK ! $E�� � man7/registry.7nu �[��� .TH "REGISTRY" "7" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBregistry\fR - The JavaScript Package Registry .SS "Description" .P To resolve packages by name and version, npm talks to a registry website that implements the CommonJS Package Registry specification for reading package info. .P npm is configured to use the \fBnpm public registry\fR at \fI\(lahttps://registry.npmjs.org\(ra\fR by default. Use of the npm public registry is subject to terms of use available at \fI\(lahttps://docs.npmjs.com/policies/terms\(ra\fR. .P You can configure npm to use any compatible registry you like, and even run your own registry. Use of someone else's registry may be governed by their terms of use. .P npm's package registry implementation supports several write APIs as well, to allow for publishing packages and managing user account information. .P The npm public registry is powered by a CouchDB database, of which there is a public mirror at \fI\(lahttps://skimdb.npmjs.com/registry\(ra\fR. .P The registry URL used is determined by the scope of the package (see npm help scope. If no scope is specified, the default registry is used, which is supplied by the \fB\fBregistry\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#registry\(ra\fR parameter. See npm help config, npm help npmrc, and npm help config for more on managing npm's configuration. Authentication configuration such as auth tokens and certificates are configured specifically scoped to an individual registry. See \fBAuth Related Configuration\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/npmrc#auth-related-configuration\(ra\fR .P When the default registry is used in a package-lock or shrinkwrap it has the special meaning of "the currently configured registry". If you create a lock file while using the default registry you can switch to another registry and npm will install packages from the new registry, but if you create a lock file while using a custom registry packages will be installed from that registry even after you change to another registry. .SS "Does npm send any information about me back to the registry?" .P Yes. .P When making requests of the registry npm adds two headers with information about your environment: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBNpm-Scope\fR \[en] If your project is scoped, this header will contain its scope. In the future npm hopes to build registry features that use this information to allow you to customize your experience for your organization. .IP \(bu 4 \fBNpm-In-CI\fR \[en] Set to "true" if npm believes this install is running in a continuous integration environment, "false" otherwise. This is detected by looking for the following environment variables: \fBCI\fR, \fBTDDIUM\fR, \fBJENKINS_URL\fR, \fBbamboo.buildKey\fR. If you'd like to learn more you may find the \fBoriginal PR\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/npm-registry-client/pull/129\(ra\fR interesting. This is used to gather better metrics on how npm is used by humans, versus build farms. .RE 0 .P The npm registry does not try to correlate the information in these headers with any authenticated accounts that may be used in the same requests. .SS "How can I prevent my package from being published in the official registry?" .P Set \fB"private": true\fR in your \fBpackage.json\fR to prevent it from being published at all, or \fB"publishConfig":{"registry":"http://my-internal-registry.local"}\fR to force it to be published only to your internal/private registry. .P See \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR for more info on what goes in the package.json file. .SS "Where can I find my (and others') published packages?" .P \fI\(lahttps://www.npmjs.com/\(ra\fR .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help developers .RE 0 PK ! g�6i! i! man7/developers.7nu �[��� .TH "DEVELOPERS" "7" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBdevelopers\fR - Developer Guide .SS "Description" .P So, you've decided to use npm to develop (and maybe publish/deploy) your project. .P Fantastic! .P There are a few things that you need to do above the simple steps that your users will do to install your program. .SS "About These Documents" .P These are man pages. If you install npm, you should be able to then do \fBman npm-thing\fR to get the documentation on a particular topic, or \fBnpm help thing\fR to see the same information. .SS "What is a Package" .P A package is: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 a) a folder containing a program described by a package.json file .IP \(bu 4 b) a gzipped tarball containing (a) .IP \(bu 4 c) a url that resolves to (b) .IP \(bu 4 d) a \fB<name>@<version>\fR that is published on the registry with (c) .IP \(bu 4 e) a \fB<name>@<tag>\fR that points to (d) .IP \(bu 4 f) a \fB<name>\fR that has a "latest" tag satisfying (e) .IP \(bu 4 g) a \fBgit\fR url that, when cloned, results in (a). .RE 0 .P Even if you never publish your package, you can still get a lot of benefits of using npm if you just want to write a node program (a), and perhaps if you also want to be able to easily install it elsewhere after packing it up into a tarball (b). .P Git urls can be of the form: .P .RS 2 .nf git://github.com/user/project.git#commit-ish git+ssh://user@hostname:project.git#commit-ish git+http://user@hostname/project/blah.git#commit-ish git+https://user@hostname/project/blah.git#commit-ish .fi .RE .P The \fBcommit-ish\fR can be any tag, sha, or branch which can be supplied as an argument to \fBgit checkout\fR. The default is whatever the repository uses as its default branch. .SS "The package.json File" .P You need to have a \fBpackage.json\fR file in the root of your project to do much of anything with npm. That is basically the whole interface. .P See \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR for details about what goes in that file. At the very least, you need: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 name: This should be a string that identifies your project. Please do not use the name to specify that it runs on node, or is in JavaScript. You can use the "engines" field to explicitly state the versions of node (or whatever else) that your program requires, and it's pretty well assumed that it's JavaScript. .P It does not necessarily need to match your github repository name. .P So, \fBnode-foo\fR and \fBbar-js\fR are bad names. \fBfoo\fR or \fBbar\fR are better. .IP \(bu 4 version: A semver-compatible version. .IP \(bu 4 engines: Specify the versions of node (or whatever else) that your program runs on. The node API changes a lot, and there may be bugs or new functionality that you depend on. Be explicit. .IP \(bu 4 author: Take some credit. .IP \(bu 4 scripts: If you have a special compilation or installation script, then you should put it in the \fBscripts\fR object. You should definitely have at least a basic smoke-test command as the "scripts.test" field. See npm help scripts. .IP \(bu 4 main: If you have a single module that serves as the entry point to your program (like what the "foo" package gives you at require("foo")), then you need to specify that in the "main" field. .IP \(bu 4 directories: This is an object mapping names to folders. The best ones to include are "lib" and "doc", but if you use "man" to specify a folder full of man pages, they'll get installed just like these ones. .RE 0 .P You can use \fBnpm init\fR in the root of your package in order to get you started with a pretty basic package.json file. See npm help init for more info. .SS "Keeping files \fIout\fR of your Package" .P Use a \fB.npmignore\fR file to keep stuff out of your package. If there's no \fB.npmignore\fR file, but there \fIis\fR a \fB.gitignore\fR file, then npm will ignore the stuff matched by the \fB.gitignore\fR file. If you \fIwant\fR to include something that is excluded by your \fB.gitignore\fR file, you can create an empty \fB.npmignore\fR file to override it. Like \fBgit\fR, \fBnpm\fR looks for \fB.npmignore\fR and \fB.gitignore\fR files in all subdirectories of your package, not only the root directory. .P \fB.npmignore\fR files follow the \fBsame pattern rules\fR \fI\(lahttps://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Recording-Changes-to-the-Repository#_ignoring\(ra\fR as \fB.gitignore\fR files: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Blank lines or lines starting with \fB#\fR are ignored. .IP \(bu 4 Standard glob patterns work. .IP \(bu 4 You can end patterns with a forward slash \fB/\fR to specify a directory. .IP \(bu 4 You can negate a pattern by starting it with an exclamation point \fB!\fR. .RE 0 .P By default, the following paths and files are ignored, so there's no need to add them to \fB.npmignore\fR explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB.*.swp\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB._*\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.DS_Store\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.git\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.gitignore\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.hg\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.npmignore\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.npmrc\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.lock-wscript\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.svn\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.wafpickle-*\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBconfig.gypi\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBCVS\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm-debug.log\fR .RE 0 .P Additionally, everything in \fBnode_modules\fR is ignored, except for bundled dependencies. npm automatically handles this for you, so don't bother adding \fBnode_modules\fR to \fB.npmignore\fR. .P The following paths and files are never ignored, so adding them to \fB.npmignore\fR is pointless: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBREADME\fR (and its variants) .IP \(bu 4 \fBCHANGELOG\fR (and its variants) .IP \(bu 4 \fBLICENSE\fR / \fBLICENCE\fR .RE 0 .P If, given the structure of your project, you find \fB.npmignore\fR to be a maintenance headache, you might instead try populating the \fBfiles\fR property of \fBpackage.json\fR, which is an array of file or directory names that should be included in your package. Sometimes manually picking which items to allow is easier to manage than building a block list. .SS "Testing whether your \fB.npmignore\fR or \fBfiles\fR config works" .P If you want to double check that your package will include only the files you intend it to when published, you can run the \fBnpm pack\fR command locally which will generate a tarball in the working directory, the same way it does for publishing. .SS "Link Packages" .P \fBnpm link\fR is designed to install a development package and see the changes in real time without having to keep re-installing it. (You do need to either re-link or \fBnpm rebuild -g\fR to update compiled packages, of course.) .P More info at npm help link. .SS "Before Publishing: Make Sure Your Package Installs and Works" .P \fBThis is important.\fR .P If you can not install it locally, you'll have problems trying to publish it. Or, worse yet, you'll be able to publish it, but you'll be publishing a broken or pointless package. So don't do that. .P In the root of your package, do this: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install . -g .fi .RE .P That'll show you that it's working. If you'd rather just create a symlink package that points to your working directory, then do this: .P .RS 2 .nf npm link .fi .RE .P Use \fBnpm ls -g\fR to see if it's there. .P To test a local install, go into some other folder, and then do: .P .RS 2 .nf cd ../some-other-folder npm install ../my-package .fi .RE .P to install it locally into the node_modules folder in that other place. .P Then go into the node-repl, and try using require("my-thing") to bring in your module's main module. .SS "Create a User Account" .P Create a user with the adduser command. It works like this: .P .RS 2 .nf npm adduser .fi .RE .P and then follow the prompts. .P This is documented better in npm help adduser. .SS "Publish your Package" .P This part's easy. In the root of your folder, do this: .P .RS 2 .nf npm publish .fi .RE .P You can give publish a url to a tarball, or a filename of a tarball, or a path to a folder. .P Note that pretty much \fBeverything in that folder will be exposed\fR by default. So, if you have secret stuff in there, use a \fB.npmignore\fR file to list out the globs to ignore, or publish from a fresh checkout. .SS "Brag about it" .P Send emails, write blogs, blab in IRC. .P Tell the world how easy it is to install your program! .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help npm .IP \(bu 4 npm help init .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help scripts .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help adduser .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .RE 0 PK ! �myfQ Q man7/logging.7nu �[��� .TH "LOGGING" "7" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBLogging\fR - Why, What & How We Log .SS "Description" .P The \fBnpm\fR CLI has various mechanisms for showing different levels of information back to end-users for certain commands, configurations & environments. .SS "Setting Log File Location" .P All logs are written to a debug log, with the path to that file printed if the execution of a command fails. .P The default location of the logs directory is a directory named \fB_logs\fR inside the npm cache. This can be changed with the \fBlogs-dir\fR config option. .P For example, if you wanted to write all your logs to the current working directory, you could run: \fBnpm install --logs-dir=.\fR. This is especially helpful in debugging a specific \fBnpm\fR issue as you can run a command multiple times with different config values and then diff all the log files. .P Log files will be removed from the \fBlogs-dir\fR when the number of log files exceeds \fBlogs-max\fR, with the oldest logs being deleted first. .P To turn off logs completely set \fB--logs-max=0\fR. .SS "Setting Log Levels" .SS "\fBloglevel\fR" .P \fBloglevel\fR is a global argument/config that can be set to determine the type of information to be displayed. .P The default value of \fBloglevel\fR is \fB"notice"\fR but there are several levels/types of logs available, including: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB"silent"\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB"error"\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB"warn"\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB"notice"\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB"http"\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB"info"\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB"verbose"\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB"silly"\fR .RE 0 .P All logs pertaining to a level proceeding the current setting will be shown. .SS "Aliases" .P The log levels listed above have various corresponding aliases, including: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB-d\fR: \fB--loglevel info\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--dd\fR: \fB--loglevel verbose\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--verbose\fR: \fB--loglevel verbose\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--ddd\fR: \fB--loglevel silly\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-q\fR: \fB--loglevel warn\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--quiet\fR: \fB--loglevel warn\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB-s\fR: \fB--loglevel silent\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB--silent\fR: \fB--loglevel silent\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBforeground-scripts\fR" .P The \fBnpm\fR CLI began hiding the output of lifecycle scripts for \fBnpm install\fR as of \fBv7\fR. Notably, this means you will not see logs/output from packages that may be using "install scripts" to display information back to you or from your own project's scripts defined in \fBpackage.json\fR. If you'd like to change this behavior & log this output you can set \fBforeground-scripts\fR to \fBtrue\fR. .SS "Timing Information" .P The \fB\fB--timing\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#timing\(ra\fR can be set which does a few things: .RS 0 .IP 1. 4 Always shows the full path to the debug log regardless of command exit status .IP 2. 4 Write timing information to a process specific timing file in the cache or \fBlogs-dir\fR .IP 3. 4 Output timing information to the terminal .RE 0 .P This file contains a \fBtimers\fR object where the keys are an identifier for the portion of the process being timed and the value is the number of milliseconds it took to complete. .P Sometimes it is helpful to get timing information without outputting anything to the terminal. For example, the performance might be affected by writing to the terminal. In this case you can use \fB--timing --silent\fR which will still write the timing file, but not output anything to the terminal while running. .SS "Registry Response Headers" .SS "\fBnpm-notice\fR" .P The \fBnpm\fR CLI reads from & logs any \fBnpm-notice\fR headers that are returned from the configured registry. This mechanism can be used by third-party registries to provide useful information when network-dependent requests occur. .P This header is not cached, and will not be logged if the request is served from the cache. .SS "Logs and Sensitive Information" .P The \fBnpm\fR CLI makes a best effort to redact the following from terminal output and log files: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Passwords inside basic auth URLs .IP \(bu 4 npm tokens .RE 0 .P However, this behavior should not be relied on to keep all possible sensitive information redacted. If you are concerned about secrets in your log file or terminal output, you can use \fB--loglevel=silent\fR and \fB--logs-max=0\fR to ensure no logs are written to your terminal or filesystem. .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .RE 0 PK ! D/��� � man7/removal.7nu �[��� .TH "REMOVAL" "7" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBremoval\fR - Cleaning the Slate .SS "Synopsis" .P So sad to see you go. .P .RS 2 .nf sudo npm uninstall npm -g .fi .RE .P Or, if that fails, please proceed to more severe uninstalling methods. .SS "More Severe Uninstalling" .P Usually, the above instructions are sufficient. That will remove npm, but leave behind anything you've installed. .P If that doesn't work, or if you require more drastic measures, continue reading. .P Note that this is only necessary for globally-installed packages. Local installs are completely contained within a project's \fBnode_modules\fR folder. Delete that folder, and everything is gone unless a package's install script is particularly ill-behaved. .P This assumes that you installed node and npm in the default place. If you configured node with a different \fB--prefix\fR, or installed npm with a different prefix setting, then adjust the paths accordingly, replacing \fB/usr/local\fR with your install prefix. .P To remove everything npm-related manually: .P .RS 2 .nf rm -rf /usr/local/{lib/node{,/.npm,_modules},bin,share/man}/npm* .fi .RE .P If you installed things \fIwith\fR npm, then your best bet is to uninstall them with npm first, and then install them again once you have a proper install. This can help find any symlinks that are lying around: .P .RS 2 .nf ls -laF /usr/local/{lib/node{,/.npm},bin,share/man} | grep npm .fi .RE .P Prior to version 0.3, npm used shim files for executables and node modules. To track those down, you can do the following: .P .RS 2 .nf find /usr/local/{lib/node,bin} -exec grep -l npm \[rs]{\[rs]} \[rs]; ; .fi .RE .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help uninstall .IP \(bu 4 npm help prune .RE 0 PK ! �´��* �* man5/package-lock-json.5nu �[��� .TH "PACKAGE-LOCK.JSON" "5" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBpackage-lock.json\fR - A manifestation of the manifest .SS "Description" .P \fBpackage-lock.json\fR is automatically generated for any operations where npm modifies either the \fBnode_modules\fR tree, or \fBpackage.json\fR. It describes the exact tree that was generated, such that subsequent installs are able to generate identical trees, regardless of intermediate dependency updates. .P This file is intended to be committed into source repositories, and serves various purposes: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Describe a single representation of a dependency tree such that teammates, deployments, and continuous integration are guaranteed to install exactly the same dependencies. .IP \(bu 4 Provide a facility for users to "time-travel" to previous states of \fBnode_modules\fR without having to commit the directory itself. .IP \(bu 4 Facilitate greater visibility of tree changes through readable source control diffs. .IP \(bu 4 Optimize the installation process by allowing npm to skip repeated metadata resolutions for previously-installed packages. .IP \(bu 4 As of npm v7, lockfiles include enough information to gain a complete picture of the package tree, reducing the need to read \fBpackage.json\fR files, and allowing for significant performance improvements. .RE 0 .P When \fBnpm\fR creates or updates \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, it will infer line endings and indentation from \fBpackage.json\fR so that the formatting of both files matches. .SS "\fBpackage-lock.json\fR vs \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR" .P Both of these files have the same format, and perform similar functions in the root of a project. .P The difference is that \fBpackage-lock.json\fR cannot be published, and it will be ignored if found in any place other than the root project. .P In contrast, \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/npm-shrinkwrap-json\(ra\fR allows publication, and defines the dependency tree from the point encountered. This is not recommended unless deploying a CLI tool or otherwise using the publication process for producing production packages. .P If both \fBpackage-lock.json\fR and \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR are present in the root of a project, \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR will take precedence and \fBpackage-lock.json\fR will be ignored. .SS "Hidden Lockfiles" .P In order to avoid processing the \fBnode_modules\fR folder repeatedly, npm as of v7 uses a "hidden" lockfile present in \fBnode_modules/.package-lock.json\fR. This contains information about the tree, and is used in lieu of reading the entire \fBnode_modules\fR hierarchy provided that the following conditions are met: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 All package folders it references exist in the \fBnode_modules\fR hierarchy. .IP \(bu 4 No package folders exist in the \fBnode_modules\fR hierarchy that are not listed in the lockfile. .IP \(bu 4 The modified time of the file is at least as recent as all of the package folders it references. .RE 0 .P That is, the hidden lockfile will only be relevant if it was created as part of the most recent update to the package tree. If another CLI mutates the tree in any way, this will be detected, and the hidden lockfile will be ignored. .P Note that it \fIis\fR possible to manually change the \fIcontents\fR of a package in such a way that the modified time of the package folder is unaffected. For example, if you add a file to \fBnode_modules/foo/lib/bar.js\fR, then the modified time on \fBnode_modules/foo\fR will not reflect this change. If you are manually editing files in \fBnode_modules\fR, it is generally best to delete the file at \fBnode_modules/.package-lock.json\fR. .P As the hidden lockfile is ignored by older npm versions, it does not contain the backwards compatibility affordances present in "normal" lockfiles. That is, it is \fBlockfileVersion: 3\fR, rather than \fBlockfileVersion: 2\fR. .SS "Handling Old Lockfiles" .P When npm detects a lockfile from npm v6 or before during the package installation process, it is automatically updated to fetch missing information from either the \fBnode_modules\fR tree or (in the case of empty \fBnode_modules\fR trees or very old lockfile formats) the npm registry. .SS "File Format" .SS "\fBname\fR" .P The name of the package this is a package-lock for. This will match what's in \fBpackage.json\fR. .SS "\fBversion\fR" .P The version of the package this is a package-lock for. This will match what's in \fBpackage.json\fR. .SS "\fBlockfileVersion\fR" .P An integer version, starting at \fB1\fR with the version number of this document whose semantics were used when generating this \fBpackage-lock.json\fR. .P Note that the file format changed significantly in npm v7 to track information that would have otherwise required looking in \fBnode_modules\fR or the npm registry. Lockfiles generated by npm v7 will contain \fBlockfileVersion: 2\fR. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 No version provided: an "ancient" shrinkwrap file from a version of npm prior to npm v5. .IP \(bu 4 \fB1\fR: The lockfile version used by npm v5 and v6. .IP \(bu 4 \fB2\fR: The lockfile version used by npm v7 and v8. Backwards compatible to v1 lockfiles. .IP \(bu 4 \fB3\fR: The lockfile version used by npm v9 and above. Backwards compatible to npm v7. .RE 0 .P npm will always attempt to get whatever data it can out of a lockfile, even if it is not a version that it was designed to support. .SS "\fBpackages\fR" .P This is an object that maps package locations to an object containing the information about that package. .P The root project is typically listed with a key of \fB""\fR, and all other packages are listed with their relative paths from the root project folder. .P Package descriptors have the following fields: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 version: The version found in \fBpackage.json\fR .IP \(bu 4 resolved: The place where the package was actually resolved from. In the case of packages fetched from the registry, this will be a url to a tarball. In the case of git dependencies, this will be the full git url with commit sha. In the case of link dependencies, this will be the location of the link target. \fBregistry.npmjs.org\fR is a magic value meaning "the currently configured registry". .IP \(bu 4 integrity: A \fBsha512\fR or \fBsha1\fR \fBStandard Subresource Integrity\fR \fI\(lahttps://w3c.github.io/webappsec/specs/subresourceintegrity/\(ra\fR string for the artifact that was unpacked in this location. .IP \(bu 4 link: A flag to indicate that this is a symbolic link. If this is present, no other fields are specified, since the link target will also be included in the lockfile. .IP \(bu 4 dev, optional, devOptional: If the package is strictly part of the \fBdevDependencies\fR tree, then \fBdev\fR will be true. If it is strictly part of the \fBoptionalDependencies\fR tree, then \fBoptional\fR will be set. If it is both a \fBdev\fR dependency \fIand\fR an \fBoptional\fR dependency of a non-dev dependency, then \fBdevOptional\fR will be set. (An \fBoptional\fR dependency of a \fBdev\fR dependency will have both \fBdev\fR and \fBoptional\fR set.) .IP \(bu 4 inBundle: A flag to indicate that the package is a bundled dependency. .IP \(bu 4 hasInstallScript: A flag to indicate that the package has a \fBpreinstall\fR, \fBinstall\fR, or \fBpostinstall\fR script. .IP \(bu 4 hasShrinkwrap: A flag to indicate that the package has an \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. .IP \(bu 4 bin, license, engines, dependencies, optionalDependencies: fields from \fBpackage.json\fR .RE 0 .SS "dependencies" .P Legacy data for supporting versions of npm that use \fBlockfileVersion: 1\fR. This is a mapping of package names to dependency objects. Because the object structure is strictly hierarchical, symbolic link dependencies are somewhat challenging to represent in some cases. .P npm v7 ignores this section entirely if a \fBpackages\fR section is present, but does keep it up to date in order to support switching between npm v6 and npm v7. .P Dependency objects have the following fields: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 version: a specifier that varies depending on the nature of the package, and is usable in fetching a new copy of it. .RS 4 .IP \(bu 4 bundled dependencies: Regardless of source, this is a version number that is purely for informational purposes. .IP \(bu 4 registry sources: This is a version number. (eg, \fB1.2.3\fR) .IP \(bu 4 git sources: This is a git specifier with resolved committish. (eg, \fBgit+https://example.com/foo/bar#115311855adb0789a0466714ed48a1499ffea97e\fR) .IP \(bu 4 http tarball sources: This is the URL of the tarball. (eg, \fBhttps://example.com/example-1.3.0.tgz\fR) .IP \(bu 4 local tarball sources: This is the file URL of the tarball. (eg \fBfile:///opt/storage/example-1.3.0.tgz\fR) .IP \(bu 4 local link sources: This is the file URL of the link. (eg \fBfile:libs/our-module\fR) .RE 0 .IP \(bu 4 integrity: A \fBsha512\fR or \fBsha1\fR \fBStandard Subresource Integrity\fR \fI\(lahttps://w3c.github.io/webappsec/specs/subresourceintegrity/\(ra\fR string for the artifact that was unpacked in this location. For git dependencies, this is the commit sha. .IP \(bu 4 resolved: For registry sources this is path of the tarball relative to the registry URL. If the tarball URL isn't on the same server as the registry URL then this is a complete URL. \fBregistry.npmjs.org\fR is a magic value meaning "the currently configured registry". .IP \(bu 4 bundled: If true, this is the bundled dependency and will be installed by the parent module. When installing, this module will be extracted from the parent module during the extract phase, not installed as a separate dependency. .IP \(bu 4 dev: If true then this dependency is either a development dependency ONLY of the top level module or a transitive dependency of one. This is false for dependencies that are both a development dependency of the top level and a transitive dependency of a non-development dependency of the top level. .IP \(bu 4 optional: If true then this dependency is either an optional dependency ONLY of the top level module or a transitive dependency of one. This is false for dependencies that are both an optional dependency of the top level and a transitive dependency of a non-optional dependency of the top level. .IP \(bu 4 requires: This is a mapping of module name to version. This is a list of everything this module requires, regardless of where it will be installed. The version should match via normal matching rules a dependency either in our \fBdependencies\fR or in a level higher than us. .IP \(bu 4 dependencies: The dependencies of this dependency, exactly as at the top level. .RE 0 .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help shrinkwrap .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/npm-shrinkwrap-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .RE 0 PK ! &���l� l� man5/npm-json.5nu �[��� .TH "PACKAGE.JSON" "5" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBpackage.json\fR - Specifics of npm's package.json handling .SS "Description" .P This document is all you need to know about what's required in your package.json file. It must be actual JSON, not just a JavaScript object literal. .P A lot of the behavior described in this document is affected by the config settings described in npm help config. .SS "name" .P If you plan to publish your package, the \fImost\fR important things in your package.json are the name and version fields as they will be required. The name and version together form an identifier that is assumed to be completely unique. Changes to the package should come along with changes to the version. If you don't plan to publish your package, the name and version fields are optional. .P The name is what your thing is called. .P Some rules: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 The name must be less than or equal to 214 characters. This includes the scope for scoped packages. .IP \(bu 4 The names of scoped packages can begin with a dot or an underscore. This is not permitted without a scope. .IP \(bu 4 New packages must not have uppercase letters in the name. .IP \(bu 4 The name ends up being part of a URL, an argument on the command line, and a folder name. Therefore, the name can't contain any non-URL-safe characters. .RE 0 .P Some tips: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Don't use the same name as a core Node module. .IP \(bu 4 Don't put "js" or "node" in the name. It's assumed that it's js, since you're writing a package.json file, and you can specify the engine using the "\fBengines\fR \fI(engines)\fR" field. (See below.) .IP \(bu 4 The name will probably be passed as an argument to require(), so it should be something short, but also reasonably descriptive. .IP \(bu 4 You may want to check the npm registry to see if there's something by that name already, before you get too attached to it. \fI\(lahttps://www.npmjs.com/\(ra\fR .RE 0 .P A name can be optionally prefixed by a scope, e.g. \fB@myorg/mypackage\fR. See npm help scope for more detail. .SS "version" .P If you plan to publish your package, the \fImost\fR important things in your package.json are the name and version fields as they will be required. The name and version together form an identifier that is assumed to be completely unique. Changes to the package should come along with changes to the version. If you don't plan to publish your package, the name and version fields are optional. .P Version must be parseable by \fBnode-semver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver\(ra\fR, which is bundled with npm as a dependency. (\fBnpm install semver\fR to use it yourself.) .SS "description" .P Put a description in it. It's a string. This helps people discover your package, as it's listed in \fBnpm search\fR. .SS "keywords" .P Put keywords in it. It's an array of strings. This helps people discover your package as it's listed in \fBnpm search\fR. .SS "homepage" .P The URL to the project homepage. .P Example: .P .RS 2 .nf "homepage": "https://github.com/owner/project#readme" .fi .RE .SS "bugs" .P The URL to your project's issue tracker and / or the email address to which issues should be reported. These are helpful for people who encounter issues with your package. .P It should look like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "bugs": { "url": "https://github.com/owner/project/issues", "email": "project@hostname.com" } } .fi .RE .P You can specify either one or both values. If you want to provide only a URL, you can specify the value for "bugs" as a simple string instead of an object. .P If a URL is provided, it will be used by the \fBnpm bugs\fR command. .SS "license" .P You should specify a license for your package so that people know how they are permitted to use it, and any restrictions you're placing on it. .P If you're using a common license such as BSD-2-Clause or MIT, add a current SPDX license identifier for the license you're using, like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "license" : "BSD-3-Clause" } .fi .RE .P You can check \fBthe full list of SPDX license IDs\fR \fI\(lahttps://spdx.org/licenses/\(ra\fR. Ideally you should pick one that is \fBOSI\fR \fI\(lahttps://opensource.org/licenses/\(ra\fR approved. .P If your package is licensed under multiple common licenses, use an \fBSPDX license expression syntax version 2.0 string\fR \fI\(lahttps://spdx.dev/specifications/\(ra\fR, like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "license" : "(ISC OR GPL-3.0)" } .fi .RE .P If you are using a license that hasn't been assigned an SPDX identifier, or if you are using a custom license, use a string value like this one: .P .RS 2 .nf { "license" : "SEE LICENSE IN <filename>" } .fi .RE .P Then include a file named \fB<filename>\fR at the top level of the package. .P Some old packages used license objects or a "licenses" property containing an array of license objects: .P .RS 2 .nf // Not valid metadata { "license" : { "type" : "ISC", "url" : "https://opensource.org/licenses/ISC" } } // Not valid metadata { "licenses" : \[lB] { "type": "MIT", "url": "https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php" }, { "type": "Apache-2.0", "url": "https://opensource.org/licenses/apache2.0.php" } \[rB] } .fi .RE .P Those styles are now deprecated. Instead, use SPDX expressions, like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "license": "ISC" } .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf { "license": "(MIT OR Apache-2.0)" } .fi .RE .P Finally, if you do not wish to grant others the right to use a private or unpublished package under any terms: .P .RS 2 .nf { "license": "UNLICENSED" } .fi .RE .P Consider also setting \fB"private": true\fR to prevent accidental publication. .SS "people fields: author, contributors" .P The "author" is one person. "contributors" is an array of people. A "person" is an object with a "name" field and optionally "url" and "email", like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name" : "Barney Rubble", "email" : "b@rubble.com", "url" : "http://barnyrubble.tumblr.com/" } .fi .RE .P Or you can shorten that all into a single string, and npm will parse it for you: .P .RS 2 .nf { "author": "Barney Rubble <b@rubble.com> (http://barnyrubble.tumblr.com/)" } .fi .RE .P Both email and url are optional either way. .P npm also sets a top-level "maintainers" field with your npm user info. .SS "funding" .P You can specify an object containing a URL that provides up-to-date information about ways to help fund development of your package, a string URL, or an array of objects and string URLs: .P .RS 2 .nf { "funding": { "type" : "individual", "url" : "http://example.com/donate" } } .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf { "funding": { "type" : "patreon", "url" : "https://www.patreon.com/my-account" } } .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf { "funding": "http://example.com/donate" } .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf { "funding": \[lB] { "type" : "individual", "url" : "http://example.com/donate" }, "http://example.com/donateAlso", { "type" : "patreon", "url" : "https://www.patreon.com/my-account" } \[rB] } .fi .RE .P Users can use the \fBnpm fund\fR subcommand to list the \fBfunding\fR URLs of all dependencies of their project, direct and indirect. A shortcut to visit each funding URL is also available when providing the project name such as: \fBnpm fund <projectname>\fR (when there are multiple URLs, the first one will be visited) .SS "files" .P The optional \fBfiles\fR field is an array of file patterns that describes the entries to be included when your package is installed as a dependency. File patterns follow a similar syntax to \fB.gitignore\fR, but reversed: including a file, directory, or glob pattern (\fB*\fR, \fB**/*\fR, and such) will make it so that file is included in the tarball when it's packed. Omitting the field will make it default to \fB\[lB]"*"\[rB]\fR, which means it will include all files. .P Some special files and directories are also included or excluded regardless of whether they exist in the \fBfiles\fR array (see below). .P You can also provide a \fB.npmignore\fR file in the root of your package or in subdirectories, which will keep files from being included. At the root of your package it will not override the "files" field, but in subdirectories it will. The \fB.npmignore\fR file works just like a \fB.gitignore\fR. If there is a \fB.gitignore\fR file, and \fB.npmignore\fR is missing, \fB.gitignore\fR's contents will be used instead. .P Certain files are always included, regardless of settings: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBREADME\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBLICENSE\fR / \fBLICENCE\fR .IP \(bu 4 The file in the "main" field .IP \(bu 4 The file(s) in the "bin" field .RE 0 .P \fBREADME\fR & \fBLICENSE\fR can have any case and extension. .P Some files are always ignored by default: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB*.orig\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.*.swp\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.DS_Store\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB._*\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.git\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.hg\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.lock-wscript\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.npmrc\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.svn\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.wafpickle-N\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBCVS\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBconfig.gypi\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnode_modules\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm-debug.log\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage-lock.json\fR (use \fB\fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/npm-shrinkwrap-json\(ra\fR if you wish it to be published) .IP \(bu 4 \fBpnpm-lock.yaml\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fByarn.lock\fR .RE 0 .P Most of these ignored files can be included specifically if included in the \fBfiles\fR globs. Exceptions to this are: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB.git\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.npmrc\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnode_modules\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage-lock.json\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpnpm-lock.yaml\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fByarn.lock\fR .RE 0 .P These can not be included. .SS "exports" .P The "exports" provides a modern alternative to "main" allowing multiple entry points to be defined, conditional entry resolution support between environments, and preventing any other entry points besides those defined in "exports". This encapsulation allows module authors to clearly define the public interface for their package. For more details see the \fBnode.js documentation on package entry points\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/api/packages.html#package-entry-points\(ra\fR .SS "main" .P The main field is a module ID that is the primary entry point to your program. That is, if your package is named \fBfoo\fR, and a user installs it, and then does \fBrequire("foo")\fR, then your main module's exports object will be returned. .P This should be a module relative to the root of your package folder. .P For most modules, it makes the most sense to have a main script and often not much else. .P If \fBmain\fR is not set, it defaults to \fBindex.js\fR in the package's root folder. .SS "browser" .P If your module is meant to be used client-side the browser field should be used instead of the main field. This is helpful to hint users that it might rely on primitives that aren't available in Node.js modules. (e.g. \fBwindow\fR) .SS "bin" .P A lot of packages have one or more executable files that they'd like to install into the PATH. npm makes this pretty easy (in fact, it uses this feature to install the "npm" executable.) .P To use this, supply a \fBbin\fR field in your package.json which is a map of command name to local file name. When this package is installed globally, that file will be either linked inside the global bins directory or a cmd (Windows Command File) will be created which executes the specified file in the \fBbin\fR field, so it is available to run by \fBname\fR or \fBname.cmd\fR (on Windows PowerShell). When this package is installed as a dependency in another package, the file will be linked where it will be available to that package either directly by \fBnpm exec\fR or by name in other scripts when invoking them via \fBnpm run-script\fR. .P For example, myapp could have this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "bin": { "myapp": "bin/cli.js" } } .fi .RE .P So, when you install myapp, in case of unix-like OS it'll create a symlink from the \fBcli.js\fR script to \fB/usr/local/bin/myapp\fR and in case of windows it will create a cmd file usually at \fBC:\[rs]Users\[rs]{Username}\[rs]AppData\[rs]Roaming\[rs]npm\[rs]myapp.cmd\fR which runs the \fBcli.js\fR script. .P If you have a single executable, and its name should be the name of the package, then you can just supply it as a string. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "my-program", "version": "1.2.5", "bin": "path/to/program" } .fi .RE .P would be the same as this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "my-program", "version": "1.2.5", "bin": { "my-program": "path/to/program" } } .fi .RE .P Please make sure that your file(s) referenced in \fBbin\fR starts with \fB#!/usr/bin/env node\fR, otherwise the scripts are started without the node executable! .P Note that you can also set the executable files using \fBdirectories.bin\fR \fI(directories.bin)\fR. .P See \fBfolders\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/folders#executables\(ra\fR for more info on executables. .SS "man" .P Specify either a single file or an array of filenames to put in place for the \fBman\fR program to find. .P If only a single file is provided, then it's installed such that it is the result from \fBman <pkgname>\fR, regardless of its actual filename. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "foo", "version": "1.2.3", "description": "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos", "main": "foo.js", "man": "./man/doc.1" } .fi .RE .P would link the \fB./man/doc.1\fR file in such that it is the target for \fBman foo\fR .P If the filename doesn't start with the package name, then it's prefixed. So, this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "foo", "version": "1.2.3", "description": "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos", "main": "foo.js", "man": \[lB] "./man/foo.1", "./man/bar.1" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P will create files to do \fBman foo\fR and \fBman foo-bar\fR. .P Man files must end with a number, and optionally a \fB.gz\fR suffix if they are compressed. The number dictates which man section the file is installed into. .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "foo", "version": "1.2.3", "description": "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos", "main": "foo.js", "man": \[lB] "./man/foo.1", "./man/foo.2" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P will create entries for \fBman foo\fR and \fBman 2 foo\fR .SS "directories" .P The CommonJS \fBPackages\fR \fI\(lahttp://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Packages/1.0\(ra\fR spec details a few ways that you can indicate the structure of your package using a \fBdirectories\fR object. If you look at \fBnpm's package.json\fR \fI\(lahttps://registry.npmjs.org/npm/latest\(ra\fR, you'll see that it has directories for doc, lib, and man. .P In the future, this information may be used in other creative ways. .SS "directories.bin" .P If you specify a \fBbin\fR directory in \fBdirectories.bin\fR, all the files in that folder will be added. .P Because of the way the \fBbin\fR directive works, specifying both a \fBbin\fR path and setting \fBdirectories.bin\fR is an error. If you want to specify individual files, use \fBbin\fR, and for all the files in an existing \fBbin\fR directory, use \fBdirectories.bin\fR. .SS "directories.man" .P A folder that is full of man pages. Sugar to generate a "man" array by walking the folder. .SS "repository" .P Specify the place where your code lives. This is helpful for people who want to contribute. If the git repo is on GitHub, then the \fBnpm repo\fR command will be able to find you. .P Do it like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "repository": { "type": "git", "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/cli.git" } } .fi .RE .P The URL should be a publicly available (perhaps read-only) URL that can be handed directly to a VCS program without any modification. It should not be a URL to an html project page that you put in your browser. It's for computers. .P For GitHub, GitHub gist, Bitbucket, or GitLab repositories you can use the same shortcut syntax you use for \fBnpm install\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf { "repository": "npm/npm", "repository": "github:user/repo", "repository": "gist:11081aaa281", "repository": "bitbucket:user/repo", "repository": "gitlab:user/repo" } .fi .RE .P If the \fBpackage.json\fR for your package is not in the root directory (for example if it is part of a monorepo), you can specify the directory in which it lives: .P .RS 2 .nf { "repository": { "type": "git", "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/cli.git", "directory": "workspaces/libnpmpublish" } } .fi .RE .SS "scripts" .P The "scripts" property is a dictionary containing script commands that are run at various times in the lifecycle of your package. The key is the lifecycle event, and the value is the command to run at that point. .P See npm help scripts to find out more about writing package scripts. .SS "config" .P A "config" object can be used to set configuration parameters used in package scripts that persist across upgrades. For instance, if a package had the following: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "foo", "config": { "port": "8080" } } .fi .RE .P It could also have a "start" command that referenced the \fBnpm_package_config_port\fR environment variable. .SS "dependencies" .P Dependencies are specified in a simple object that maps a package name to a version range. The version range is a string which has one or more space-separated descriptors. Dependencies can also be identified with a tarball or git URL. .P \fBPlease do not put test harnesses or transpilers or other "development" time tools in your \fBdependencies\fB object.\fR See \fBdevDependencies\fR, below. .P See \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#versions\(ra\fR for more details about specifying version ranges. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBversion\fR Must match \fBversion\fR exactly .IP \(bu 4 \fB>version\fR Must be greater than \fBversion\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB>=version\fR etc .IP \(bu 4 \fB<version\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB<=version\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB~version\fR "Approximately equivalent to version" See \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#versions\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB^version\fR "Compatible with version" See \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#versions\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB1.2.x\fR 1.2.0, 1.2.1, etc., but not 1.3.0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBhttp://...\fR See 'URLs as Dependencies' below .IP \(bu 4 \fB*\fR Matches any version .IP \(bu 4 \fB""\fR (just an empty string) Same as \fB*\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBversion1 - version2\fR Same as \fB>=version1 <=version2\fR. .IP \(bu 4 \fBrange1 || range2\fR Passes if either range1 or range2 are satisfied. .IP \(bu 4 \fBgit...\fR See 'Git URLs as Dependencies' below .IP \(bu 4 \fBuser/repo\fR See 'GitHub URLs' below .IP \(bu 4 \fBtag\fR A specific version tagged and published as \fBtag\fR See npm help dist-tag .IP \(bu 4 \fBpath/path/path\fR See \fBLocal Paths\fR \fI(Local Paths)\fR below .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm:@scope/pkg@version\fR Custom alias for a package See \fB\fBpackage-spec\fR\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/package-spec#aliases\(ra\fR .RE 0 .P For example, these are all valid: .P .RS 2 .nf { "dependencies": { "foo": "1.0.0 - 2.9999.9999", "bar": ">=1.0.2 <2.1.2", "baz": ">1.0.2 <=2.3.4", "boo": "2.0.1", "qux": "<1.0.0 || >=2.3.1 <2.4.5 || >=2.5.2 <3.0.0", "asd": "http://asdf.com/asdf.tar.gz", "til": "~1.2", "elf": "~1.2.3", "two": "2.x", "thr": "3.3.x", "lat": "latest", "dyl": "file:../dyl", "kpg": "npm:pkg@1.0.0" } } .fi .RE .SS "URLs as Dependencies" .P You may specify a tarball URL in place of a version range. .P This tarball will be downloaded and installed locally to your package at install time. .SS "Git URLs as Dependencies" .P Git URLs are of the form: .P .RS 2 .nf <protocol>://\[lB]<user>\[lB]:<password>\[rB]@\[rB]<hostname>\[lB]:<port>\[rB]\[lB]:\[rB]\[lB]/\[rB]<path>\[lB]#<commit-ish> | #semver:<semver>\[rB] .fi .RE .P \fB<protocol>\fR is one of \fBgit\fR, \fBgit+ssh\fR, \fBgit+http\fR, \fBgit+https\fR, or \fBgit+file\fR. .P If \fB#<commit-ish>\fR is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that commit. If the commit-ish has the format \fB#semver:<semver>\fR, \fB<semver>\fR can be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for any tags or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as it would for a registry dependency. If neither \fB#<commit-ish>\fR or \fB#semver:<semver>\fR is specified, then the default branch is used. .P Examples: .P .RS 2 .nf git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli.git#v1.0.27 git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli#semver:^5.0 git+https://isaacs@github.com/npm/cli.git git://github.com/npm/cli.git#v1.0.27 .fi .RE .P When installing from a \fBgit\fR repository, the presence of certain fields in the \fBpackage.json\fR will cause npm to believe it needs to perform a build. To do so your repository will be cloned into a temporary directory, all of its deps installed, relevant scripts run, and the resulting directory packed and installed. .P This flow will occur if your git dependency uses \fBworkspaces\fR, or if any of the following scripts are present: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBbuild\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepare\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepack\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpreinstall\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBinstall\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpostinstall\fR .RE 0 .P If your git repository includes pre-built artifacts, you will likely want to make sure that none of the above scripts are defined, or your dependency will be rebuilt for every installation. .SS "GitHub URLs" .P As of version 1.1.65, you can refer to GitHub URLs as just "foo": "user/foo-project". Just as with git URLs, a \fBcommit-ish\fR suffix can be included. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "foo", "version": "0.0.0", "dependencies": { "express": "expressjs/express", "mocha": "mochajs/mocha#4727d357ea", "module": "user/repo#feature\[rs]/branch" } } .fi .RE .SS "Local Paths" .P As of version 2.0.0 you can provide a path to a local directory that contains a package. Local paths can be saved using \fBnpm install -S\fR or \fBnpm install --save\fR, using any of these forms: .P .RS 2 .nf ../foo/bar ~/foo/bar ./foo/bar /foo/bar .fi .RE .P in which case they will be normalized to a relative path and added to your \fBpackage.json\fR. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "baz", "dependencies": { "bar": "file:../foo/bar" } } .fi .RE .P This feature is helpful for local offline development and creating tests that require npm installing where you don't want to hit an external server, but should not be used when publishing your package to the public registry. .P \fInote\fR: Packages linked by local path will not have their own dependencies installed when \fBnpm install\fR is ran in this case. You must run \fBnpm install\fR from inside the local path itself. .SS "devDependencies" .P If someone is planning on downloading and using your module in their program, then they probably don't want or need to download and build the external test or documentation framework that you use. .P In this case, it's best to map these additional items in a \fBdevDependencies\fR object. .P These things will be installed when doing \fBnpm link\fR or \fBnpm install\fR from the root of a package, and can be managed like any other npm configuration param. See npm help config for more on the topic. .P For build steps that are not platform-specific, such as compiling CoffeeScript or other languages to JavaScript, use the \fBprepare\fR script to do this, and make the required package a devDependency. .P For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "ethopia-waza", "description": "a delightfully fruity coffee varietal", "version": "1.2.3", "devDependencies": { "coffee-script": "~1.6.3" }, "scripts": { "prepare": "coffee -o lib/ -c src/waza.coffee" }, "main": "lib/waza.js" } .fi .RE .P The \fBprepare\fR script will be run before publishing, so that users can consume the functionality without requiring them to compile it themselves. In dev mode (ie, locally running \fBnpm install\fR), it'll run this script as well, so that you can test it easily. .SS "peerDependencies" .P In some cases, you want to express the compatibility of your package with a host tool or library, while not necessarily doing a \fBrequire\fR of this host. This is usually referred to as a \fIplugin\fR. Notably, your module may be exposing a specific interface, expected and specified by the host documentation. .P For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "tea-latte", "version": "1.3.5", "peerDependencies": { "tea": "2.x" } } .fi .RE .P This ensures your package \fBtea-latte\fR can be installed \fIalong\fR with the second major version of the host package \fBtea\fR only. \fBnpm install tea-latte\fR could possibly yield the following dependency graph: .P .RS 2 .nf ├── tea-latte@1.3.5 └── tea@2.2.0 .fi .RE .P In npm versions 3 through 6, \fBpeerDependencies\fR were not automatically installed, and would raise a warning if an invalid version of the peer dependency was found in the tree. As of npm v7, peerDependencies \fIare\fR installed by default. .P Trying to install another plugin with a conflicting requirement may cause an error if the tree cannot be resolved correctly. For this reason, make sure your plugin requirement is as broad as possible, and not to lock it down to specific patch versions. .P Assuming the host complies with \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://semver.org/\(ra\fR, only changes in the host package's major version will break your plugin. Thus, if you've worked with every 1.x version of the host package, use \fB"^1.0"\fR or \fB"1.x"\fR to express this. If you depend on features introduced in 1.5.2, use \fB"^1.5.2"\fR. .SS "peerDependenciesMeta" .P The \fBpeerDependenciesMeta\fR field serves to provide npm more information on how your peer dependencies are to be used. Specifically, it allows peer dependencies to be marked as optional. Npm will not automatically install optional peer dependencies. This allows you to integrate and interact with a variety of host packages without requiring all of them to be installed. .P For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "tea-latte", "version": "1.3.5", "peerDependencies": { "tea": "2.x", "soy-milk": "1.2" }, "peerDependenciesMeta": { "soy-milk": { "optional": true } } } .fi .RE .SS "bundleDependencies" .P This defines an array of package names that will be bundled when publishing the package. .P In cases where you need to preserve npm packages locally or have them available through a single file download, you can bundle the packages in a tarball file by specifying the package names in the \fBbundleDependencies\fR array and executing \fBnpm pack\fR. .P For example: .P If we define a package.json like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "awesome-web-framework", "version": "1.0.0", "bundleDependencies": \[lB] "renderized", "super-streams" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P we can obtain \fBawesome-web-framework-1.0.0.tgz\fR file by running \fBnpm pack\fR. This file contains the dependencies \fBrenderized\fR and \fBsuper-streams\fR which can be installed in a new project by executing \fBnpm install awesome-web-framework-1.0.0.tgz\fR. Note that the package names do not include any versions, as that information is specified in \fBdependencies\fR. .P If this is spelled \fB"bundledDependencies"\fR, then that is also honored. .P Alternatively, \fB"bundleDependencies"\fR can be defined as a boolean value. A value of \fBtrue\fR will bundle all dependencies, a value of \fBfalse\fR will bundle none. .SS "optionalDependencies" .P If a dependency can be used, but you would like npm to proceed if it cannot be found or fails to install, then you may put it in the \fBoptionalDependencies\fR object. This is a map of package name to version or URL, just like the \fBdependencies\fR object. The difference is that build failures do not cause installation to fail. Running \fBnpm install --omit=optional\fR will prevent these dependencies from being installed. .P It is still your program's responsibility to handle the lack of the dependency. For example, something like this: .P .RS 2 .nf try { var foo = require('foo') var fooVersion = require('foo/package.json').version } catch (er) { foo = null } if ( notGoodFooVersion(fooVersion) ) { foo = null } // .. then later in your program .. if (foo) { foo.doFooThings() } .fi .RE .P Entries in \fBoptionalDependencies\fR will override entries of the same name in \fBdependencies\fR, so it's usually best to only put in one place. .SS "overrides" .P If you need to make specific changes to dependencies of your dependencies, for example replacing the version of a dependency with a known security issue, replacing an existing dependency with a fork, or making sure that the same version of a package is used everywhere, then you may add an override. .P Overrides provide a way to replace a package in your dependency tree with another version, or another package entirely. These changes can be scoped as specific or as vague as desired. .P Overrides are only considered in the root \fBpackage.json\fR file for a project. Overrides in installed dependencies (including npm help workspaces) are not considered in dependency tree resolution. Published packages may dictate their resolutions by pinning dependencies or using an \fB\fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/npm-shrinkwrap-json\(ra\fR file. .P To make sure the package \fBfoo\fR is always installed as version \fB1.0.0\fR no matter what version your dependencies rely on: .P .RS 2 .nf { "overrides": { "foo": "1.0.0" } } .fi .RE .P The above is a short hand notation, the full object form can be used to allow overriding a package itself as well as a child of the package. This will cause \fBfoo\fR to always be \fB1.0.0\fR while also making \fBbar\fR at any depth beyond \fBfoo\fR also \fB1.0.0\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf { "overrides": { "foo": { ".": "1.0.0", "bar": "1.0.0" } } } .fi .RE .P To only override \fBfoo\fR to be \fB1.0.0\fR when it's a child (or grandchild, or great grandchild, etc) of the package \fBbar\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf { "overrides": { "bar": { "foo": "1.0.0" } } } .fi .RE .P Keys can be nested to any arbitrary length. To override \fBfoo\fR only when it's a child of \fBbar\fR and only when \fBbar\fR is a child of \fBbaz\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf { "overrides": { "baz": { "bar": { "foo": "1.0.0" } } } } .fi .RE .P The key of an override can also include a version, or range of versions. To override \fBfoo\fR to \fB1.0.0\fR, but only when it's a child of \fBbar@2.0.0\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf { "overrides": { "bar@2.0.0": { "foo": "1.0.0" } } } .fi .RE .P You may not set an override for a package that you directly depend on unless both the dependency and the override itself share the exact same spec. To make this limitation easier to deal with, overrides may also be defined as a reference to a spec for a direct dependency by prefixing the name of the package you wish the version to match with a \fB$\fR. .P .RS 2 .nf { "dependencies": { "foo": "^1.0.0" }, "overrides": { // BAD, will throw an EOVERRIDE error // "foo": "^2.0.0" // GOOD, specs match so override is allowed // "foo": "^1.0.0" // BEST, the override is defined as a reference to the dependency "foo": "$foo", // the referenced package does not need to match the overridden one "bar": "$foo" } } .fi .RE .SS "engines" .P You can specify the version of node that your stuff works on: .P .RS 2 .nf { "engines": { "node": ">=0.10.3 <15" } } .fi .RE .P And, like with dependencies, if you don't specify the version (or if you specify "*" as the version), then any version of node will do. .P You can also use the "engines" field to specify which versions of npm are capable of properly installing your program. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "engines": { "npm": "~1.0.20" } } .fi .RE .P Unless the user has set the \fB\fBengine-strict\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#engine-strict\(ra\fR flag, this field is advisory only and will only produce warnings when your package is installed as a dependency. .SS "os" .P You can specify which operating systems your module will run on: .P .RS 2 .nf { "os": \[lB] "darwin", "linux" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P You can also block instead of allowing operating systems, just prepend the blocked os with a '!': .P .RS 2 .nf { "os": \[lB] "!win32" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P The host operating system is determined by \fBprocess.platform\fR .P It is allowed to both block and allow an item, although there isn't any good reason to do this. .SS "cpu" .P If your code only runs on certain cpu architectures, you can specify which ones. .P .RS 2 .nf { "cpu": \[lB] "x64", "ia32" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P Like the \fBos\fR option, you can also block architectures: .P .RS 2 .nf { "cpu": \[lB] "!arm", "!mips" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P The host architecture is determined by \fBprocess.arch\fR .SS "devEngines" .P The \fBdevEngines\fR field aids engineers working on a codebase to all be using the same tooling. .P You can specify a \fBdevEngines\fR property in your \fBpackage.json\fR which will run before \fBinstall\fR, \fBci\fR, and \fBrun\fR commands. .RS 0 .P Note: \fBengines\fR and \fBdevEngines\fR differ in object shape. They also function very differently. \fBengines\fR is designed to alert the user when a dependency uses a differening npm or node version that the project it's being used in, whereas \fBdevEngines\fR is used to alert people interacting with the source code of a project. .RE 0 .P The supported keys under the \fBdevEngines\fR property are \fBcpu\fR, \fBos\fR, \fBlibc\fR, \fBruntime\fR, and \fBpackageManager\fR. Each property can be an object or an array of objects. Objects must contain \fBname\fR, and optionally can specify \fBversion\fR, and \fBonFail\fR. \fBonFail\fR can be \fBwarn\fR, \fBerror\fR, or \fBignore\fR, and if left undefined is of the same value as \fBerror\fR. \fBnpm\fR will assume that you're running with \fBnode\fR. Here's an example of a project that will fail if the environment is not \fBnode\fR and \fBnpm\fR. If you set \fBruntime.name\fR or \fBpackageManager.name\fR to any other string, it will fail within the npm CLI. .P .RS 2 .nf { "devEngines": { "runtime": { "name": "node", "onFail": "error" }, "packageManager": { "name": "npm", "onFail": "error" } } } .fi .RE .SS "private" .P If you set \fB"private": true\fR in your package.json, then npm will refuse to publish it. .P This is a way to prevent accidental publication of private repositories. If you would like to ensure that a given package is only ever published to a specific registry (for example, an internal registry), then use the \fBpublishConfig\fR dictionary described below to override the \fBregistry\fR config param at publish-time. .SS "publishConfig" .P This is a set of config values that will be used at publish-time. It's especially handy if you want to set the tag, registry or access, so that you can ensure that a given package is not tagged with "latest", published to the global public registry or that a scoped module is private by default. .P See npm help config to see the list of config options that can be overridden. .SS "workspaces" .P The optional \fBworkspaces\fR field is an array of file patterns that describes locations within the local file system that the install client should look up to find each npm help workspace that needs to be symlinked to the top level \fBnode_modules\fR folder. .P It can describe either the direct paths of the folders to be used as workspaces or it can define globs that will resolve to these same folders. .P In the following example, all folders located inside the folder \fB./packages\fR will be treated as workspaces as long as they have valid \fBpackage.json\fR files inside them: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "workspace-example", "workspaces": \[lB] "./packages/*" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P See npm help workspaces for more examples. .SS "DEFAULT VALUES" .P npm will default some values based on package contents. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB"scripts": {"start": "node server.js"}\fR .P If there is a \fBserver.js\fR file in the root of your package, then npm will default the \fBstart\fR command to \fBnode server.js\fR. .IP \(bu 4 \fB"scripts":{"install": "node-gyp rebuild"}\fR .P If there is a \fBbinding.gyp\fR file in the root of your package and you have not defined an \fBinstall\fR or \fBpreinstall\fR script, npm will default the \fBinstall\fR command to compile using node-gyp. .IP \(bu 4 \fB"contributors": \[lB]...\[rB]\fR .P If there is an \fBAUTHORS\fR file in the root of your package, npm will treat each line as a \fBName <email> (url)\fR format, where email and url are optional. Lines which start with a \fB#\fR or are blank, will be ignored. .RE 0 .SS "SEE ALSO" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#versions\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help workspaces .IP \(bu 4 npm help init .IP \(bu 4 npm help version .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help help .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help uninstall .RE 0 PK ! �$fXb b man5/npm-shrinkwrap-json.5nu �[��� .TH "NPM-SHRINKWRAP.JSON" "5" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR - A publishable lockfile .SS "Description" .P \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR is a file created by npm help shrinkwrap. It is identical to \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, with one major caveat: Unlike \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR may be included when publishing a package. .P The recommended use-case for \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR is applications deployed through the publishing process on the registry: for example, daemons and command-line tools intended as global installs or \fBdevDependencies\fR. It's strongly discouraged for library authors to publish this file, since that would prevent end users from having control over transitive dependency updates. .P If both \fBpackage-lock.json\fR and \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR are present in a package root, \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR will be preferred over the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR file. .P For full details and description of the \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file format, refer to the manual page for \fBpackage-lock.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-lock-json\(ra\fR. .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help shrinkwrap .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage-lock.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-lock-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .RE 0 PK ! ��w� � man5/npmrc.5nu �[��� .TH "NPMRC" "5" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpmrc\fR - The npm config files .SS "Description" .P npm gets its config settings from the command line, environment variables, and \fBnpmrc\fR files. .P The \fBnpm config\fR command can be used to update and edit the contents of the user and global npmrc files. .P For a list of available configuration options, see npm help config. .SS "Files" .P The four relevant files are: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 per-project config file (\fB/path/to/my/project/.npmrc\fR) .IP \(bu 4 per-user config file (\fB~/.npmrc\fR) .IP \(bu 4 global config file (\fB$PREFIX/etc/npmrc\fR) .IP \(bu 4 npm builtin config file (\fB/path/to/npm/npmrc\fR) .RE 0 .P All npm config files are an ini-formatted list of \fBkey = value\fR parameters. Environment variables can be replaced using \fB${VARIABLE_NAME}\fR. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf cache = ${HOME}/.npm-packages .fi .RE .P Each of these files is loaded, and config options are resolved in priority order. For example, a setting in the userconfig file would override the setting in the globalconfig file. .P Array values are specified by adding "\[lB]\[rB]" after the key name. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf key\[lB]\[rB] = "first value" key\[lB]\[rB] = "second value" .fi .RE .SS "Comments" .P Lines in \fB.npmrc\fR files are interpreted as comments when they begin with a \fB;\fR or \fB#\fR character. \fB.npmrc\fR files are parsed by \fBnpm/ini\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/ini\(ra\fR, which specifies this comment syntax. .P For example: .P .RS 2 .nf # last modified: 01 Jan 2016 ; Set a new registry for a scoped package @myscope:registry=https://mycustomregistry.example.org .fi .RE .SS "Per-project config file" .P When working locally in a project, a \fB.npmrc\fR file in the root of the project (ie, a sibling of \fBnode_modules\fR and \fBpackage.json\fR) will set config values specific to this project. .P Note that this only applies to the root of the project that you're running npm in. It has no effect when your module is published. For example, you can't publish a module that forces itself to install globally, or in a different location. .P Additionally, this file is not read in global mode, such as when running \fBnpm install -g\fR. .SS "Per-user config file" .P \fB$HOME/.npmrc\fR (or the \fBuserconfig\fR param, if set in the environment or on the command line) .SS "Global config file" .P \fB$PREFIX/etc/npmrc\fR (or the \fBglobalconfig\fR param, if set above): This file is an ini-file formatted list of \fBkey = value\fR parameters. Environment variables can be replaced as above. .SS "Built-in config file" .P \fBpath/to/npm/itself/npmrc\fR .P This is an unchangeable "builtin" configuration file that npm keeps consistent across updates. Set fields in here using the \fB./configure\fR script that comes with npm. This is primarily for distribution maintainers to override default configs in a standard and consistent manner. .SS "Auth related configuration" .P The settings \fB_auth\fR, \fB_authToken\fR, \fBusername\fR and \fB_password\fR must all be scoped to a specific registry. This ensures that \fBnpm\fR will never send credentials to the wrong host. .P The full list is: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB_auth\fR (base64 authentication string) .IP \(bu 4 \fB_authToken\fR (authentication token) .IP \(bu 4 \fBusername\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB_password\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBemail\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBcertfile\fR (path to certificate file) .IP \(bu 4 \fBkeyfile\fR (path to key file) .RE 0 .P In order to scope these values, they must be prefixed by a URI fragment. If the credential is meant for any request to a registry on a single host, the scope may look like \fB//registry.npmjs.org/:\fR. If it must be scoped to a specific path on the host that path may also be provided, such as \fB//my-custom-registry.org/unique/path:\fR. .P .RS 2 .nf ; bad config _authToken=MYTOKEN ; good config @myorg:registry=https://somewhere-else.com/myorg @another:registry=https://somewhere-else.com/another //registry.npmjs.org/:_authToken=MYTOKEN ; would apply to both @myorg and @another //somewhere-else.com/:_authToken=MYTOKEN ; would apply only to @myorg //somewhere-else.com/myorg/:_authToken=MYTOKEN1 ; would apply only to @another //somewhere-else.com/another/:_authToken=MYTOKEN2 .fi .RE .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help npm .RE 0 PK ! &���l� l� man5/package-json.5nu �[��� .TH "PACKAGE.JSON" "5" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBpackage.json\fR - Specifics of npm's package.json handling .SS "Description" .P This document is all you need to know about what's required in your package.json file. It must be actual JSON, not just a JavaScript object literal. .P A lot of the behavior described in this document is affected by the config settings described in npm help config. .SS "name" .P If you plan to publish your package, the \fImost\fR important things in your package.json are the name and version fields as they will be required. The name and version together form an identifier that is assumed to be completely unique. Changes to the package should come along with changes to the version. If you don't plan to publish your package, the name and version fields are optional. .P The name is what your thing is called. .P Some rules: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 The name must be less than or equal to 214 characters. This includes the scope for scoped packages. .IP \(bu 4 The names of scoped packages can begin with a dot or an underscore. This is not permitted without a scope. .IP \(bu 4 New packages must not have uppercase letters in the name. .IP \(bu 4 The name ends up being part of a URL, an argument on the command line, and a folder name. Therefore, the name can't contain any non-URL-safe characters. .RE 0 .P Some tips: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Don't use the same name as a core Node module. .IP \(bu 4 Don't put "js" or "node" in the name. It's assumed that it's js, since you're writing a package.json file, and you can specify the engine using the "\fBengines\fR \fI(engines)\fR" field. (See below.) .IP \(bu 4 The name will probably be passed as an argument to require(), so it should be something short, but also reasonably descriptive. .IP \(bu 4 You may want to check the npm registry to see if there's something by that name already, before you get too attached to it. \fI\(lahttps://www.npmjs.com/\(ra\fR .RE 0 .P A name can be optionally prefixed by a scope, e.g. \fB@myorg/mypackage\fR. See npm help scope for more detail. .SS "version" .P If you plan to publish your package, the \fImost\fR important things in your package.json are the name and version fields as they will be required. The name and version together form an identifier that is assumed to be completely unique. Changes to the package should come along with changes to the version. If you don't plan to publish your package, the name and version fields are optional. .P Version must be parseable by \fBnode-semver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver\(ra\fR, which is bundled with npm as a dependency. (\fBnpm install semver\fR to use it yourself.) .SS "description" .P Put a description in it. It's a string. This helps people discover your package, as it's listed in \fBnpm search\fR. .SS "keywords" .P Put keywords in it. It's an array of strings. This helps people discover your package as it's listed in \fBnpm search\fR. .SS "homepage" .P The URL to the project homepage. .P Example: .P .RS 2 .nf "homepage": "https://github.com/owner/project#readme" .fi .RE .SS "bugs" .P The URL to your project's issue tracker and / or the email address to which issues should be reported. These are helpful for people who encounter issues with your package. .P It should look like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "bugs": { "url": "https://github.com/owner/project/issues", "email": "project@hostname.com" } } .fi .RE .P You can specify either one or both values. If you want to provide only a URL, you can specify the value for "bugs" as a simple string instead of an object. .P If a URL is provided, it will be used by the \fBnpm bugs\fR command. .SS "license" .P You should specify a license for your package so that people know how they are permitted to use it, and any restrictions you're placing on it. .P If you're using a common license such as BSD-2-Clause or MIT, add a current SPDX license identifier for the license you're using, like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "license" : "BSD-3-Clause" } .fi .RE .P You can check \fBthe full list of SPDX license IDs\fR \fI\(lahttps://spdx.org/licenses/\(ra\fR. Ideally you should pick one that is \fBOSI\fR \fI\(lahttps://opensource.org/licenses/\(ra\fR approved. .P If your package is licensed under multiple common licenses, use an \fBSPDX license expression syntax version 2.0 string\fR \fI\(lahttps://spdx.dev/specifications/\(ra\fR, like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "license" : "(ISC OR GPL-3.0)" } .fi .RE .P If you are using a license that hasn't been assigned an SPDX identifier, or if you are using a custom license, use a string value like this one: .P .RS 2 .nf { "license" : "SEE LICENSE IN <filename>" } .fi .RE .P Then include a file named \fB<filename>\fR at the top level of the package. .P Some old packages used license objects or a "licenses" property containing an array of license objects: .P .RS 2 .nf // Not valid metadata { "license" : { "type" : "ISC", "url" : "https://opensource.org/licenses/ISC" } } // Not valid metadata { "licenses" : \[lB] { "type": "MIT", "url": "https://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php" }, { "type": "Apache-2.0", "url": "https://opensource.org/licenses/apache2.0.php" } \[rB] } .fi .RE .P Those styles are now deprecated. Instead, use SPDX expressions, like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "license": "ISC" } .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf { "license": "(MIT OR Apache-2.0)" } .fi .RE .P Finally, if you do not wish to grant others the right to use a private or unpublished package under any terms: .P .RS 2 .nf { "license": "UNLICENSED" } .fi .RE .P Consider also setting \fB"private": true\fR to prevent accidental publication. .SS "people fields: author, contributors" .P The "author" is one person. "contributors" is an array of people. A "person" is an object with a "name" field and optionally "url" and "email", like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name" : "Barney Rubble", "email" : "b@rubble.com", "url" : "http://barnyrubble.tumblr.com/" } .fi .RE .P Or you can shorten that all into a single string, and npm will parse it for you: .P .RS 2 .nf { "author": "Barney Rubble <b@rubble.com> (http://barnyrubble.tumblr.com/)" } .fi .RE .P Both email and url are optional either way. .P npm also sets a top-level "maintainers" field with your npm user info. .SS "funding" .P You can specify an object containing a URL that provides up-to-date information about ways to help fund development of your package, a string URL, or an array of objects and string URLs: .P .RS 2 .nf { "funding": { "type" : "individual", "url" : "http://example.com/donate" } } .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf { "funding": { "type" : "patreon", "url" : "https://www.patreon.com/my-account" } } .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf { "funding": "http://example.com/donate" } .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf { "funding": \[lB] { "type" : "individual", "url" : "http://example.com/donate" }, "http://example.com/donateAlso", { "type" : "patreon", "url" : "https://www.patreon.com/my-account" } \[rB] } .fi .RE .P Users can use the \fBnpm fund\fR subcommand to list the \fBfunding\fR URLs of all dependencies of their project, direct and indirect. A shortcut to visit each funding URL is also available when providing the project name such as: \fBnpm fund <projectname>\fR (when there are multiple URLs, the first one will be visited) .SS "files" .P The optional \fBfiles\fR field is an array of file patterns that describes the entries to be included when your package is installed as a dependency. File patterns follow a similar syntax to \fB.gitignore\fR, but reversed: including a file, directory, or glob pattern (\fB*\fR, \fB**/*\fR, and such) will make it so that file is included in the tarball when it's packed. Omitting the field will make it default to \fB\[lB]"*"\[rB]\fR, which means it will include all files. .P Some special files and directories are also included or excluded regardless of whether they exist in the \fBfiles\fR array (see below). .P You can also provide a \fB.npmignore\fR file in the root of your package or in subdirectories, which will keep files from being included. At the root of your package it will not override the "files" field, but in subdirectories it will. The \fB.npmignore\fR file works just like a \fB.gitignore\fR. If there is a \fB.gitignore\fR file, and \fB.npmignore\fR is missing, \fB.gitignore\fR's contents will be used instead. .P Certain files are always included, regardless of settings: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBREADME\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBLICENSE\fR / \fBLICENCE\fR .IP \(bu 4 The file in the "main" field .IP \(bu 4 The file(s) in the "bin" field .RE 0 .P \fBREADME\fR & \fBLICENSE\fR can have any case and extension. .P Some files are always ignored by default: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB*.orig\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.*.swp\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.DS_Store\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB._*\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.git\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.hg\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.lock-wscript\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.npmrc\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.svn\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.wafpickle-N\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBCVS\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBconfig.gypi\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnode_modules\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm-debug.log\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage-lock.json\fR (use \fB\fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/npm-shrinkwrap-json\(ra\fR if you wish it to be published) .IP \(bu 4 \fBpnpm-lock.yaml\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fByarn.lock\fR .RE 0 .P Most of these ignored files can be included specifically if included in the \fBfiles\fR globs. Exceptions to this are: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB.git\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB.npmrc\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnode_modules\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage-lock.json\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpnpm-lock.yaml\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fByarn.lock\fR .RE 0 .P These can not be included. .SS "exports" .P The "exports" provides a modern alternative to "main" allowing multiple entry points to be defined, conditional entry resolution support between environments, and preventing any other entry points besides those defined in "exports". This encapsulation allows module authors to clearly define the public interface for their package. For more details see the \fBnode.js documentation on package entry points\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/api/packages.html#package-entry-points\(ra\fR .SS "main" .P The main field is a module ID that is the primary entry point to your program. That is, if your package is named \fBfoo\fR, and a user installs it, and then does \fBrequire("foo")\fR, then your main module's exports object will be returned. .P This should be a module relative to the root of your package folder. .P For most modules, it makes the most sense to have a main script and often not much else. .P If \fBmain\fR is not set, it defaults to \fBindex.js\fR in the package's root folder. .SS "browser" .P If your module is meant to be used client-side the browser field should be used instead of the main field. This is helpful to hint users that it might rely on primitives that aren't available in Node.js modules. (e.g. \fBwindow\fR) .SS "bin" .P A lot of packages have one or more executable files that they'd like to install into the PATH. npm makes this pretty easy (in fact, it uses this feature to install the "npm" executable.) .P To use this, supply a \fBbin\fR field in your package.json which is a map of command name to local file name. When this package is installed globally, that file will be either linked inside the global bins directory or a cmd (Windows Command File) will be created which executes the specified file in the \fBbin\fR field, so it is available to run by \fBname\fR or \fBname.cmd\fR (on Windows PowerShell). When this package is installed as a dependency in another package, the file will be linked where it will be available to that package either directly by \fBnpm exec\fR or by name in other scripts when invoking them via \fBnpm run-script\fR. .P For example, myapp could have this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "bin": { "myapp": "bin/cli.js" } } .fi .RE .P So, when you install myapp, in case of unix-like OS it'll create a symlink from the \fBcli.js\fR script to \fB/usr/local/bin/myapp\fR and in case of windows it will create a cmd file usually at \fBC:\[rs]Users\[rs]{Username}\[rs]AppData\[rs]Roaming\[rs]npm\[rs]myapp.cmd\fR which runs the \fBcli.js\fR script. .P If you have a single executable, and its name should be the name of the package, then you can just supply it as a string. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "my-program", "version": "1.2.5", "bin": "path/to/program" } .fi .RE .P would be the same as this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "my-program", "version": "1.2.5", "bin": { "my-program": "path/to/program" } } .fi .RE .P Please make sure that your file(s) referenced in \fBbin\fR starts with \fB#!/usr/bin/env node\fR, otherwise the scripts are started without the node executable! .P Note that you can also set the executable files using \fBdirectories.bin\fR \fI(directories.bin)\fR. .P See \fBfolders\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/folders#executables\(ra\fR for more info on executables. .SS "man" .P Specify either a single file or an array of filenames to put in place for the \fBman\fR program to find. .P If only a single file is provided, then it's installed such that it is the result from \fBman <pkgname>\fR, regardless of its actual filename. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "foo", "version": "1.2.3", "description": "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos", "main": "foo.js", "man": "./man/doc.1" } .fi .RE .P would link the \fB./man/doc.1\fR file in such that it is the target for \fBman foo\fR .P If the filename doesn't start with the package name, then it's prefixed. So, this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "foo", "version": "1.2.3", "description": "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos", "main": "foo.js", "man": \[lB] "./man/foo.1", "./man/bar.1" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P will create files to do \fBman foo\fR and \fBman foo-bar\fR. .P Man files must end with a number, and optionally a \fB.gz\fR suffix if they are compressed. The number dictates which man section the file is installed into. .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "foo", "version": "1.2.3", "description": "A packaged foo fooer for fooing foos", "main": "foo.js", "man": \[lB] "./man/foo.1", "./man/foo.2" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P will create entries for \fBman foo\fR and \fBman 2 foo\fR .SS "directories" .P The CommonJS \fBPackages\fR \fI\(lahttp://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Packages/1.0\(ra\fR spec details a few ways that you can indicate the structure of your package using a \fBdirectories\fR object. If you look at \fBnpm's package.json\fR \fI\(lahttps://registry.npmjs.org/npm/latest\(ra\fR, you'll see that it has directories for doc, lib, and man. .P In the future, this information may be used in other creative ways. .SS "directories.bin" .P If you specify a \fBbin\fR directory in \fBdirectories.bin\fR, all the files in that folder will be added. .P Because of the way the \fBbin\fR directive works, specifying both a \fBbin\fR path and setting \fBdirectories.bin\fR is an error. If you want to specify individual files, use \fBbin\fR, and for all the files in an existing \fBbin\fR directory, use \fBdirectories.bin\fR. .SS "directories.man" .P A folder that is full of man pages. Sugar to generate a "man" array by walking the folder. .SS "repository" .P Specify the place where your code lives. This is helpful for people who want to contribute. If the git repo is on GitHub, then the \fBnpm repo\fR command will be able to find you. .P Do it like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "repository": { "type": "git", "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/cli.git" } } .fi .RE .P The URL should be a publicly available (perhaps read-only) URL that can be handed directly to a VCS program without any modification. It should not be a URL to an html project page that you put in your browser. It's for computers. .P For GitHub, GitHub gist, Bitbucket, or GitLab repositories you can use the same shortcut syntax you use for \fBnpm install\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf { "repository": "npm/npm", "repository": "github:user/repo", "repository": "gist:11081aaa281", "repository": "bitbucket:user/repo", "repository": "gitlab:user/repo" } .fi .RE .P If the \fBpackage.json\fR for your package is not in the root directory (for example if it is part of a monorepo), you can specify the directory in which it lives: .P .RS 2 .nf { "repository": { "type": "git", "url": "git+https://github.com/npm/cli.git", "directory": "workspaces/libnpmpublish" } } .fi .RE .SS "scripts" .P The "scripts" property is a dictionary containing script commands that are run at various times in the lifecycle of your package. The key is the lifecycle event, and the value is the command to run at that point. .P See npm help scripts to find out more about writing package scripts. .SS "config" .P A "config" object can be used to set configuration parameters used in package scripts that persist across upgrades. For instance, if a package had the following: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "foo", "config": { "port": "8080" } } .fi .RE .P It could also have a "start" command that referenced the \fBnpm_package_config_port\fR environment variable. .SS "dependencies" .P Dependencies are specified in a simple object that maps a package name to a version range. The version range is a string which has one or more space-separated descriptors. Dependencies can also be identified with a tarball or git URL. .P \fBPlease do not put test harnesses or transpilers or other "development" time tools in your \fBdependencies\fB object.\fR See \fBdevDependencies\fR, below. .P See \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#versions\(ra\fR for more details about specifying version ranges. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBversion\fR Must match \fBversion\fR exactly .IP \(bu 4 \fB>version\fR Must be greater than \fBversion\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB>=version\fR etc .IP \(bu 4 \fB<version\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB<=version\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB~version\fR "Approximately equivalent to version" See \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#versions\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB^version\fR "Compatible with version" See \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#versions\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fB1.2.x\fR 1.2.0, 1.2.1, etc., but not 1.3.0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBhttp://...\fR See 'URLs as Dependencies' below .IP \(bu 4 \fB*\fR Matches any version .IP \(bu 4 \fB""\fR (just an empty string) Same as \fB*\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBversion1 - version2\fR Same as \fB>=version1 <=version2\fR. .IP \(bu 4 \fBrange1 || range2\fR Passes if either range1 or range2 are satisfied. .IP \(bu 4 \fBgit...\fR See 'Git URLs as Dependencies' below .IP \(bu 4 \fBuser/repo\fR See 'GitHub URLs' below .IP \(bu 4 \fBtag\fR A specific version tagged and published as \fBtag\fR See npm help dist-tag .IP \(bu 4 \fBpath/path/path\fR See \fBLocal Paths\fR \fI(Local Paths)\fR below .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm:@scope/pkg@version\fR Custom alias for a package See \fB\fBpackage-spec\fR\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/package-spec#aliases\(ra\fR .RE 0 .P For example, these are all valid: .P .RS 2 .nf { "dependencies": { "foo": "1.0.0 - 2.9999.9999", "bar": ">=1.0.2 <2.1.2", "baz": ">1.0.2 <=2.3.4", "boo": "2.0.1", "qux": "<1.0.0 || >=2.3.1 <2.4.5 || >=2.5.2 <3.0.0", "asd": "http://asdf.com/asdf.tar.gz", "til": "~1.2", "elf": "~1.2.3", "two": "2.x", "thr": "3.3.x", "lat": "latest", "dyl": "file:../dyl", "kpg": "npm:pkg@1.0.0" } } .fi .RE .SS "URLs as Dependencies" .P You may specify a tarball URL in place of a version range. .P This tarball will be downloaded and installed locally to your package at install time. .SS "Git URLs as Dependencies" .P Git URLs are of the form: .P .RS 2 .nf <protocol>://\[lB]<user>\[lB]:<password>\[rB]@\[rB]<hostname>\[lB]:<port>\[rB]\[lB]:\[rB]\[lB]/\[rB]<path>\[lB]#<commit-ish> | #semver:<semver>\[rB] .fi .RE .P \fB<protocol>\fR is one of \fBgit\fR, \fBgit+ssh\fR, \fBgit+http\fR, \fBgit+https\fR, or \fBgit+file\fR. .P If \fB#<commit-ish>\fR is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that commit. If the commit-ish has the format \fB#semver:<semver>\fR, \fB<semver>\fR can be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for any tags or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as it would for a registry dependency. If neither \fB#<commit-ish>\fR or \fB#semver:<semver>\fR is specified, then the default branch is used. .P Examples: .P .RS 2 .nf git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli.git#v1.0.27 git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli#semver:^5.0 git+https://isaacs@github.com/npm/cli.git git://github.com/npm/cli.git#v1.0.27 .fi .RE .P When installing from a \fBgit\fR repository, the presence of certain fields in the \fBpackage.json\fR will cause npm to believe it needs to perform a build. To do so your repository will be cloned into a temporary directory, all of its deps installed, relevant scripts run, and the resulting directory packed and installed. .P This flow will occur if your git dependency uses \fBworkspaces\fR, or if any of the following scripts are present: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBbuild\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepare\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBprepack\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpreinstall\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBinstall\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpostinstall\fR .RE 0 .P If your git repository includes pre-built artifacts, you will likely want to make sure that none of the above scripts are defined, or your dependency will be rebuilt for every installation. .SS "GitHub URLs" .P As of version 1.1.65, you can refer to GitHub URLs as just "foo": "user/foo-project". Just as with git URLs, a \fBcommit-ish\fR suffix can be included. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "foo", "version": "0.0.0", "dependencies": { "express": "expressjs/express", "mocha": "mochajs/mocha#4727d357ea", "module": "user/repo#feature\[rs]/branch" } } .fi .RE .SS "Local Paths" .P As of version 2.0.0 you can provide a path to a local directory that contains a package. Local paths can be saved using \fBnpm install -S\fR or \fBnpm install --save\fR, using any of these forms: .P .RS 2 .nf ../foo/bar ~/foo/bar ./foo/bar /foo/bar .fi .RE .P in which case they will be normalized to a relative path and added to your \fBpackage.json\fR. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "baz", "dependencies": { "bar": "file:../foo/bar" } } .fi .RE .P This feature is helpful for local offline development and creating tests that require npm installing where you don't want to hit an external server, but should not be used when publishing your package to the public registry. .P \fInote\fR: Packages linked by local path will not have their own dependencies installed when \fBnpm install\fR is ran in this case. You must run \fBnpm install\fR from inside the local path itself. .SS "devDependencies" .P If someone is planning on downloading and using your module in their program, then they probably don't want or need to download and build the external test or documentation framework that you use. .P In this case, it's best to map these additional items in a \fBdevDependencies\fR object. .P These things will be installed when doing \fBnpm link\fR or \fBnpm install\fR from the root of a package, and can be managed like any other npm configuration param. See npm help config for more on the topic. .P For build steps that are not platform-specific, such as compiling CoffeeScript or other languages to JavaScript, use the \fBprepare\fR script to do this, and make the required package a devDependency. .P For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "ethopia-waza", "description": "a delightfully fruity coffee varietal", "version": "1.2.3", "devDependencies": { "coffee-script": "~1.6.3" }, "scripts": { "prepare": "coffee -o lib/ -c src/waza.coffee" }, "main": "lib/waza.js" } .fi .RE .P The \fBprepare\fR script will be run before publishing, so that users can consume the functionality without requiring them to compile it themselves. In dev mode (ie, locally running \fBnpm install\fR), it'll run this script as well, so that you can test it easily. .SS "peerDependencies" .P In some cases, you want to express the compatibility of your package with a host tool or library, while not necessarily doing a \fBrequire\fR of this host. This is usually referred to as a \fIplugin\fR. Notably, your module may be exposing a specific interface, expected and specified by the host documentation. .P For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "tea-latte", "version": "1.3.5", "peerDependencies": { "tea": "2.x" } } .fi .RE .P This ensures your package \fBtea-latte\fR can be installed \fIalong\fR with the second major version of the host package \fBtea\fR only. \fBnpm install tea-latte\fR could possibly yield the following dependency graph: .P .RS 2 .nf ├── tea-latte@1.3.5 └── tea@2.2.0 .fi .RE .P In npm versions 3 through 6, \fBpeerDependencies\fR were not automatically installed, and would raise a warning if an invalid version of the peer dependency was found in the tree. As of npm v7, peerDependencies \fIare\fR installed by default. .P Trying to install another plugin with a conflicting requirement may cause an error if the tree cannot be resolved correctly. For this reason, make sure your plugin requirement is as broad as possible, and not to lock it down to specific patch versions. .P Assuming the host complies with \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://semver.org/\(ra\fR, only changes in the host package's major version will break your plugin. Thus, if you've worked with every 1.x version of the host package, use \fB"^1.0"\fR or \fB"1.x"\fR to express this. If you depend on features introduced in 1.5.2, use \fB"^1.5.2"\fR. .SS "peerDependenciesMeta" .P The \fBpeerDependenciesMeta\fR field serves to provide npm more information on how your peer dependencies are to be used. Specifically, it allows peer dependencies to be marked as optional. Npm will not automatically install optional peer dependencies. This allows you to integrate and interact with a variety of host packages without requiring all of them to be installed. .P For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "tea-latte", "version": "1.3.5", "peerDependencies": { "tea": "2.x", "soy-milk": "1.2" }, "peerDependenciesMeta": { "soy-milk": { "optional": true } } } .fi .RE .SS "bundleDependencies" .P This defines an array of package names that will be bundled when publishing the package. .P In cases where you need to preserve npm packages locally or have them available through a single file download, you can bundle the packages in a tarball file by specifying the package names in the \fBbundleDependencies\fR array and executing \fBnpm pack\fR. .P For example: .P If we define a package.json like this: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "awesome-web-framework", "version": "1.0.0", "bundleDependencies": \[lB] "renderized", "super-streams" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P we can obtain \fBawesome-web-framework-1.0.0.tgz\fR file by running \fBnpm pack\fR. This file contains the dependencies \fBrenderized\fR and \fBsuper-streams\fR which can be installed in a new project by executing \fBnpm install awesome-web-framework-1.0.0.tgz\fR. Note that the package names do not include any versions, as that information is specified in \fBdependencies\fR. .P If this is spelled \fB"bundledDependencies"\fR, then that is also honored. .P Alternatively, \fB"bundleDependencies"\fR can be defined as a boolean value. A value of \fBtrue\fR will bundle all dependencies, a value of \fBfalse\fR will bundle none. .SS "optionalDependencies" .P If a dependency can be used, but you would like npm to proceed if it cannot be found or fails to install, then you may put it in the \fBoptionalDependencies\fR object. This is a map of package name to version or URL, just like the \fBdependencies\fR object. The difference is that build failures do not cause installation to fail. Running \fBnpm install --omit=optional\fR will prevent these dependencies from being installed. .P It is still your program's responsibility to handle the lack of the dependency. For example, something like this: .P .RS 2 .nf try { var foo = require('foo') var fooVersion = require('foo/package.json').version } catch (er) { foo = null } if ( notGoodFooVersion(fooVersion) ) { foo = null } // .. then later in your program .. if (foo) { foo.doFooThings() } .fi .RE .P Entries in \fBoptionalDependencies\fR will override entries of the same name in \fBdependencies\fR, so it's usually best to only put in one place. .SS "overrides" .P If you need to make specific changes to dependencies of your dependencies, for example replacing the version of a dependency with a known security issue, replacing an existing dependency with a fork, or making sure that the same version of a package is used everywhere, then you may add an override. .P Overrides provide a way to replace a package in your dependency tree with another version, or another package entirely. These changes can be scoped as specific or as vague as desired. .P Overrides are only considered in the root \fBpackage.json\fR file for a project. Overrides in installed dependencies (including npm help workspaces) are not considered in dependency tree resolution. Published packages may dictate their resolutions by pinning dependencies or using an \fB\fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/npm-shrinkwrap-json\(ra\fR file. .P To make sure the package \fBfoo\fR is always installed as version \fB1.0.0\fR no matter what version your dependencies rely on: .P .RS 2 .nf { "overrides": { "foo": "1.0.0" } } .fi .RE .P The above is a short hand notation, the full object form can be used to allow overriding a package itself as well as a child of the package. This will cause \fBfoo\fR to always be \fB1.0.0\fR while also making \fBbar\fR at any depth beyond \fBfoo\fR also \fB1.0.0\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf { "overrides": { "foo": { ".": "1.0.0", "bar": "1.0.0" } } } .fi .RE .P To only override \fBfoo\fR to be \fB1.0.0\fR when it's a child (or grandchild, or great grandchild, etc) of the package \fBbar\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf { "overrides": { "bar": { "foo": "1.0.0" } } } .fi .RE .P Keys can be nested to any arbitrary length. To override \fBfoo\fR only when it's a child of \fBbar\fR and only when \fBbar\fR is a child of \fBbaz\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf { "overrides": { "baz": { "bar": { "foo": "1.0.0" } } } } .fi .RE .P The key of an override can also include a version, or range of versions. To override \fBfoo\fR to \fB1.0.0\fR, but only when it's a child of \fBbar@2.0.0\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf { "overrides": { "bar@2.0.0": { "foo": "1.0.0" } } } .fi .RE .P You may not set an override for a package that you directly depend on unless both the dependency and the override itself share the exact same spec. To make this limitation easier to deal with, overrides may also be defined as a reference to a spec for a direct dependency by prefixing the name of the package you wish the version to match with a \fB$\fR. .P .RS 2 .nf { "dependencies": { "foo": "^1.0.0" }, "overrides": { // BAD, will throw an EOVERRIDE error // "foo": "^2.0.0" // GOOD, specs match so override is allowed // "foo": "^1.0.0" // BEST, the override is defined as a reference to the dependency "foo": "$foo", // the referenced package does not need to match the overridden one "bar": "$foo" } } .fi .RE .SS "engines" .P You can specify the version of node that your stuff works on: .P .RS 2 .nf { "engines": { "node": ">=0.10.3 <15" } } .fi .RE .P And, like with dependencies, if you don't specify the version (or if you specify "*" as the version), then any version of node will do. .P You can also use the "engines" field to specify which versions of npm are capable of properly installing your program. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "engines": { "npm": "~1.0.20" } } .fi .RE .P Unless the user has set the \fB\fBengine-strict\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#engine-strict\(ra\fR flag, this field is advisory only and will only produce warnings when your package is installed as a dependency. .SS "os" .P You can specify which operating systems your module will run on: .P .RS 2 .nf { "os": \[lB] "darwin", "linux" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P You can also block instead of allowing operating systems, just prepend the blocked os with a '!': .P .RS 2 .nf { "os": \[lB] "!win32" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P The host operating system is determined by \fBprocess.platform\fR .P It is allowed to both block and allow an item, although there isn't any good reason to do this. .SS "cpu" .P If your code only runs on certain cpu architectures, you can specify which ones. .P .RS 2 .nf { "cpu": \[lB] "x64", "ia32" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P Like the \fBos\fR option, you can also block architectures: .P .RS 2 .nf { "cpu": \[lB] "!arm", "!mips" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P The host architecture is determined by \fBprocess.arch\fR .SS "devEngines" .P The \fBdevEngines\fR field aids engineers working on a codebase to all be using the same tooling. .P You can specify a \fBdevEngines\fR property in your \fBpackage.json\fR which will run before \fBinstall\fR, \fBci\fR, and \fBrun\fR commands. .RS 0 .P Note: \fBengines\fR and \fBdevEngines\fR differ in object shape. They also function very differently. \fBengines\fR is designed to alert the user when a dependency uses a differening npm or node version that the project it's being used in, whereas \fBdevEngines\fR is used to alert people interacting with the source code of a project. .RE 0 .P The supported keys under the \fBdevEngines\fR property are \fBcpu\fR, \fBos\fR, \fBlibc\fR, \fBruntime\fR, and \fBpackageManager\fR. Each property can be an object or an array of objects. Objects must contain \fBname\fR, and optionally can specify \fBversion\fR, and \fBonFail\fR. \fBonFail\fR can be \fBwarn\fR, \fBerror\fR, or \fBignore\fR, and if left undefined is of the same value as \fBerror\fR. \fBnpm\fR will assume that you're running with \fBnode\fR. Here's an example of a project that will fail if the environment is not \fBnode\fR and \fBnpm\fR. If you set \fBruntime.name\fR or \fBpackageManager.name\fR to any other string, it will fail within the npm CLI. .P .RS 2 .nf { "devEngines": { "runtime": { "name": "node", "onFail": "error" }, "packageManager": { "name": "npm", "onFail": "error" } } } .fi .RE .SS "private" .P If you set \fB"private": true\fR in your package.json, then npm will refuse to publish it. .P This is a way to prevent accidental publication of private repositories. If you would like to ensure that a given package is only ever published to a specific registry (for example, an internal registry), then use the \fBpublishConfig\fR dictionary described below to override the \fBregistry\fR config param at publish-time. .SS "publishConfig" .P This is a set of config values that will be used at publish-time. It's especially handy if you want to set the tag, registry or access, so that you can ensure that a given package is not tagged with "latest", published to the global public registry or that a scoped module is private by default. .P See npm help config to see the list of config options that can be overridden. .SS "workspaces" .P The optional \fBworkspaces\fR field is an array of file patterns that describes locations within the local file system that the install client should look up to find each npm help workspace that needs to be symlinked to the top level \fBnode_modules\fR folder. .P It can describe either the direct paths of the folders to be used as workspaces or it can define globs that will resolve to these same folders. .P In the following example, all folders located inside the folder \fB./packages\fR will be treated as workspaces as long as they have valid \fBpackage.json\fR files inside them: .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "workspace-example", "workspaces": \[lB] "./packages/*" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P See npm help workspaces for more examples. .SS "DEFAULT VALUES" .P npm will default some values based on package contents. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB"scripts": {"start": "node server.js"}\fR .P If there is a \fBserver.js\fR file in the root of your package, then npm will default the \fBstart\fR command to \fBnode server.js\fR. .IP \(bu 4 \fB"scripts":{"install": "node-gyp rebuild"}\fR .P If there is a \fBbinding.gyp\fR file in the root of your package and you have not defined an \fBinstall\fR or \fBpreinstall\fR script, npm will default the \fBinstall\fR command to compile using node-gyp. .IP \(bu 4 \fB"contributors": \[lB]...\[rB]\fR .P If there is an \fBAUTHORS\fR file in the root of your package, npm will treat each line as a \fBName <email> (url)\fR format, where email and url are optional. Lines which start with a \fB#\fR or are blank, will be ignored. .RE 0 .SS "SEE ALSO" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBsemver\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#versions\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help workspaces .IP \(bu 4 npm help init .IP \(bu 4 npm help version .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help help .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help uninstall .RE 0 PK ! ���i " " man5/npm-global.5nu �[��� .TH "FOLDERS" "5" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBfolders\fR - Folder Structures Used by npm .SS "Description" .P npm puts various things on your computer. That's its job. .P This document will tell you what it puts where. .SS "tl;dr" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Local install (default): puts stuff in \fB./node_modules\fR of the current package root. .IP \(bu 4 Global install (with \fB-g\fR): puts stuff in /usr/local or wherever node is installed. .IP \(bu 4 Install it \fBlocally\fR if you're going to \fBrequire()\fR it. .IP \(bu 4 Install it \fBglobally\fR if you're going to run it on the command line. .IP \(bu 4 If you need both, then install it in both places, or use \fBnpm link\fR. .RE 0 .SS "prefix Configuration" .P The \fB\fBprefix\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#prefix\(ra\fR defaults to the location where node is installed. On most systems, this is \fB/usr/local\fR. On Windows, it's \fB%AppData%\[rs]npm\fR. On Unix systems, it's one level up, since node is typically installed at \fB{prefix}/bin/node\fR rather than \fB{prefix}/node.exe\fR. .P When the \fBglobal\fR flag is set, npm installs things into this prefix. When it is not set, it uses the root of the current package, or the current working directory if not in a package already. .SS "Node Modules" .P Packages are dropped into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder under the \fBprefix\fR. When installing locally, this means that you can \fBrequire("packagename")\fR to load its main module, or \fBrequire("packagename/lib/path/to/sub/module")\fR to load other modules. .P Global installs on Unix systems go to \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR. Global installs on Windows go to \fB{prefix}/node_modules\fR (that is, no \fBlib\fR folder.) .P Scoped packages are installed the same way, except they are grouped together in a sub-folder of the relevant \fBnode_modules\fR folder with the name of that scope prefix by the @ symbol, e.g. \fBnpm install @myorg/package\fR would place the package in \fB{prefix}/node_modules/@myorg/package\fR. See npm help scope for more details. .P If you wish to \fBrequire()\fR a package, then install it locally. .SS "Executables" .P When in global mode, executables are linked into \fB{prefix}/bin\fR on Unix, or directly into \fB{prefix}\fR on Windows. Ensure that path is in your terminal's \fBPATH\fR environment to run them. .P When in local mode, executables are linked into \fB./node_modules/.bin\fR so that they can be made available to scripts run through npm. (For example, so that a test runner will be in the path when you run \fBnpm test\fR.) .SS "Man Pages" .P When in global mode, man pages are linked into \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR. .P When in local mode, man pages are not installed. .P Man pages are not installed on Windows systems. .SS "Cache" .P See npm help cache. Cache files are stored in \fB~/.npm\fR on Posix, or \fB%LocalAppData%/npm-cache\fR on Windows. .P This is controlled by the \fB\fBcache\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#cache\(ra\fR param. .SS "Temp Files" .P Temporary files are stored by default in the folder specified by the \fB\fBtmp\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#tmp\(ra\fR, which defaults to the TMPDIR, TMP, or TEMP environment variables, or \fB/tmp\fR on Unix and \fBc:\[rs]windows\[rs]temp\fR on Windows. .P Temp files are given a unique folder under this root for each run of the program, and are deleted upon successful exit. .SS "More Information" .P When installing locally, npm first tries to find an appropriate \fBprefix\fR folder. This is so that \fBnpm install foo@1.2.3\fR will install to the sensible root of your package, even if you happen to have \fBcd\fRed into some other folder. .P Starting at the $PWD, npm will walk up the folder tree checking for a folder that contains either a \fBpackage.json\fR file, or a \fBnode_modules\fR folder. If such a thing is found, then that is treated as the effective "current directory" for the purpose of running npm commands. (This behavior is inspired by and similar to git's .git-folder seeking logic when running git commands in a working dir.) .P If no package root is found, then the current folder is used. .P When you run \fBnpm install foo@1.2.3\fR, then the package is loaded into the cache, and then unpacked into \fB./node_modules/foo\fR. Then, any of foo's dependencies are similarly unpacked into \fB./node_modules/foo/node_modules/...\fR. .P Any bin files are symlinked to \fB./node_modules/.bin/\fR, so that they may be found by npm scripts when necessary. .SS "Global Installation" .P If the \fB\fBglobal\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#global\(ra\fR is set to true, then npm will install packages "globally". .P For global installation, packages are installed roughly the same way, but using the folders described above. .SS "Cycles, Conflicts, and Folder Parsimony" .P Cycles are handled using the property of node's module system that it walks up the directories looking for \fBnode_modules\fR folders. So, at every stage, if a package is already installed in an ancestor \fBnode_modules\fR folder, then it is not installed at the current location. .P Consider the case above, where \fBfoo -> bar -> baz\fR. Imagine if, in addition to that, baz depended on bar, so you'd have: \fBfoo -> bar -> baz -> bar -> baz ...\fR. However, since the folder structure is: \fBfoo/node_modules/bar/node_modules/baz\fR, there's no need to put another copy of bar into \fB.../baz/node_modules\fR, since when baz calls \fBrequire("bar")\fR, it will get the copy that is installed in \fBfoo/node_modules/bar\fR. .P This shortcut is only used if the exact same version would be installed in multiple nested \fBnode_modules\fR folders. It is still possible to have \fBa/node_modules/b/node_modules/a\fR if the two "a" packages are different versions. However, without repeating the exact same package multiple times, an infinite regress will always be prevented. .P Another optimization can be made by installing dependencies at the highest level possible, below the localized "target" folder (hoisting). Since version 3, npm hoists dependencies by default. .SS "Example" .P Consider this dependency graph: .P .RS 2 .nf foo +-- blerg@1.2.5 +-- bar@1.2.3 | +-- blerg@1.x (latest=1.3.7) | +-- baz@2.x | | `-- quux@3.x | | `-- bar@1.2.3 (cycle) | `-- asdf@* `-- baz@1.2.3 `-- quux@3.x `-- bar .fi .RE .P In this case, we might expect a folder structure like this (with all dependencies hoisted to the highest level possible): .P .RS 2 .nf foo +-- node_modules +-- blerg (1.2.5) <---\[lB]A\[rB] +-- bar (1.2.3) <---\[lB]B\[rB] | +-- node_modules | +-- baz (2.0.2) <---\[lB]C\[rB] +-- asdf (2.3.4) +-- baz (1.2.3) <---\[lB]D\[rB] +-- quux (3.2.0) <---\[lB]E\[rB] .fi .RE .P Since foo depends directly on \fBbar@1.2.3\fR and \fBbaz@1.2.3\fR, those are installed in foo's \fBnode_modules\fR folder. .P Even though the latest copy of blerg is 1.3.7, foo has a specific dependency on version 1.2.5. So, that gets installed at \[lB]A\[rB]. Since the parent installation of blerg satisfies bar's dependency on \fBblerg@1.x\fR, it does not install another copy under \[lB]B\[rB]. .P Bar \[lB]B\[rB] also has dependencies on baz and asdf. Because it depends on \fBbaz@2.x\fR, it cannot re-use the \fBbaz@1.2.3\fR installed in the parent \fBnode_modules\fR folder \[lB]D\[rB], and must install its own copy \[lB]C\[rB]. In order to minimize duplication, npm hoists dependencies to the top level by default, so asdf is installed under \[lB]A\[rB]. .P Underneath bar, the \fBbaz -> quux -> bar\fR dependency creates a cycle. However, because bar is already in quux's ancestry \[lB]B\[rB], it does not unpack another copy of bar into that folder. Likewise, quux's \[lB]E\[rB] folder tree is empty, because its dependency on bar is satisfied by the parent folder copy installed at \[lB]B\[rB]. .P For a graphical breakdown of what is installed where, use \fBnpm ls\fR. .SS "Publishing" .P Upon publishing, npm will look in the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. If any of the items there are not in the \fBbundleDependencies\fR array, then they will not be included in the package tarball. .P This allows a package maintainer to install all of their dependencies (and dev dependencies) locally, but only re-publish those items that cannot be found elsewhere. See \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR for more information. .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help pack .IP \(bu 4 npm help cache .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .RE 0 PK ! ���i " " man5/folders.5nu �[��� .TH "FOLDERS" "5" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBfolders\fR - Folder Structures Used by npm .SS "Description" .P npm puts various things on your computer. That's its job. .P This document will tell you what it puts where. .SS "tl;dr" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Local install (default): puts stuff in \fB./node_modules\fR of the current package root. .IP \(bu 4 Global install (with \fB-g\fR): puts stuff in /usr/local or wherever node is installed. .IP \(bu 4 Install it \fBlocally\fR if you're going to \fBrequire()\fR it. .IP \(bu 4 Install it \fBglobally\fR if you're going to run it on the command line. .IP \(bu 4 If you need both, then install it in both places, or use \fBnpm link\fR. .RE 0 .SS "prefix Configuration" .P The \fB\fBprefix\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#prefix\(ra\fR defaults to the location where node is installed. On most systems, this is \fB/usr/local\fR. On Windows, it's \fB%AppData%\[rs]npm\fR. On Unix systems, it's one level up, since node is typically installed at \fB{prefix}/bin/node\fR rather than \fB{prefix}/node.exe\fR. .P When the \fBglobal\fR flag is set, npm installs things into this prefix. When it is not set, it uses the root of the current package, or the current working directory if not in a package already. .SS "Node Modules" .P Packages are dropped into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder under the \fBprefix\fR. When installing locally, this means that you can \fBrequire("packagename")\fR to load its main module, or \fBrequire("packagename/lib/path/to/sub/module")\fR to load other modules. .P Global installs on Unix systems go to \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR. Global installs on Windows go to \fB{prefix}/node_modules\fR (that is, no \fBlib\fR folder.) .P Scoped packages are installed the same way, except they are grouped together in a sub-folder of the relevant \fBnode_modules\fR folder with the name of that scope prefix by the @ symbol, e.g. \fBnpm install @myorg/package\fR would place the package in \fB{prefix}/node_modules/@myorg/package\fR. See npm help scope for more details. .P If you wish to \fBrequire()\fR a package, then install it locally. .SS "Executables" .P When in global mode, executables are linked into \fB{prefix}/bin\fR on Unix, or directly into \fB{prefix}\fR on Windows. Ensure that path is in your terminal's \fBPATH\fR environment to run them. .P When in local mode, executables are linked into \fB./node_modules/.bin\fR so that they can be made available to scripts run through npm. (For example, so that a test runner will be in the path when you run \fBnpm test\fR.) .SS "Man Pages" .P When in global mode, man pages are linked into \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR. .P When in local mode, man pages are not installed. .P Man pages are not installed on Windows systems. .SS "Cache" .P See npm help cache. Cache files are stored in \fB~/.npm\fR on Posix, or \fB%LocalAppData%/npm-cache\fR on Windows. .P This is controlled by the \fB\fBcache\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#cache\(ra\fR param. .SS "Temp Files" .P Temporary files are stored by default in the folder specified by the \fB\fBtmp\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#tmp\(ra\fR, which defaults to the TMPDIR, TMP, or TEMP environment variables, or \fB/tmp\fR on Unix and \fBc:\[rs]windows\[rs]temp\fR on Windows. .P Temp files are given a unique folder under this root for each run of the program, and are deleted upon successful exit. .SS "More Information" .P When installing locally, npm first tries to find an appropriate \fBprefix\fR folder. This is so that \fBnpm install foo@1.2.3\fR will install to the sensible root of your package, even if you happen to have \fBcd\fRed into some other folder. .P Starting at the $PWD, npm will walk up the folder tree checking for a folder that contains either a \fBpackage.json\fR file, or a \fBnode_modules\fR folder. If such a thing is found, then that is treated as the effective "current directory" for the purpose of running npm commands. (This behavior is inspired by and similar to git's .git-folder seeking logic when running git commands in a working dir.) .P If no package root is found, then the current folder is used. .P When you run \fBnpm install foo@1.2.3\fR, then the package is loaded into the cache, and then unpacked into \fB./node_modules/foo\fR. Then, any of foo's dependencies are similarly unpacked into \fB./node_modules/foo/node_modules/...\fR. .P Any bin files are symlinked to \fB./node_modules/.bin/\fR, so that they may be found by npm scripts when necessary. .SS "Global Installation" .P If the \fB\fBglobal\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#global\(ra\fR is set to true, then npm will install packages "globally". .P For global installation, packages are installed roughly the same way, but using the folders described above. .SS "Cycles, Conflicts, and Folder Parsimony" .P Cycles are handled using the property of node's module system that it walks up the directories looking for \fBnode_modules\fR folders. So, at every stage, if a package is already installed in an ancestor \fBnode_modules\fR folder, then it is not installed at the current location. .P Consider the case above, where \fBfoo -> bar -> baz\fR. Imagine if, in addition to that, baz depended on bar, so you'd have: \fBfoo -> bar -> baz -> bar -> baz ...\fR. However, since the folder structure is: \fBfoo/node_modules/bar/node_modules/baz\fR, there's no need to put another copy of bar into \fB.../baz/node_modules\fR, since when baz calls \fBrequire("bar")\fR, it will get the copy that is installed in \fBfoo/node_modules/bar\fR. .P This shortcut is only used if the exact same version would be installed in multiple nested \fBnode_modules\fR folders. It is still possible to have \fBa/node_modules/b/node_modules/a\fR if the two "a" packages are different versions. However, without repeating the exact same package multiple times, an infinite regress will always be prevented. .P Another optimization can be made by installing dependencies at the highest level possible, below the localized "target" folder (hoisting). Since version 3, npm hoists dependencies by default. .SS "Example" .P Consider this dependency graph: .P .RS 2 .nf foo +-- blerg@1.2.5 +-- bar@1.2.3 | +-- blerg@1.x (latest=1.3.7) | +-- baz@2.x | | `-- quux@3.x | | `-- bar@1.2.3 (cycle) | `-- asdf@* `-- baz@1.2.3 `-- quux@3.x `-- bar .fi .RE .P In this case, we might expect a folder structure like this (with all dependencies hoisted to the highest level possible): .P .RS 2 .nf foo +-- node_modules +-- blerg (1.2.5) <---\[lB]A\[rB] +-- bar (1.2.3) <---\[lB]B\[rB] | +-- node_modules | +-- baz (2.0.2) <---\[lB]C\[rB] +-- asdf (2.3.4) +-- baz (1.2.3) <---\[lB]D\[rB] +-- quux (3.2.0) <---\[lB]E\[rB] .fi .RE .P Since foo depends directly on \fBbar@1.2.3\fR and \fBbaz@1.2.3\fR, those are installed in foo's \fBnode_modules\fR folder. .P Even though the latest copy of blerg is 1.3.7, foo has a specific dependency on version 1.2.5. So, that gets installed at \[lB]A\[rB]. Since the parent installation of blerg satisfies bar's dependency on \fBblerg@1.x\fR, it does not install another copy under \[lB]B\[rB]. .P Bar \[lB]B\[rB] also has dependencies on baz and asdf. Because it depends on \fBbaz@2.x\fR, it cannot re-use the \fBbaz@1.2.3\fR installed in the parent \fBnode_modules\fR folder \[lB]D\[rB], and must install its own copy \[lB]C\[rB]. In order to minimize duplication, npm hoists dependencies to the top level by default, so asdf is installed under \[lB]A\[rB]. .P Underneath bar, the \fBbaz -> quux -> bar\fR dependency creates a cycle. However, because bar is already in quux's ancestry \[lB]B\[rB], it does not unpack another copy of bar into that folder. Likewise, quux's \[lB]E\[rB] folder tree is empty, because its dependency on bar is satisfied by the parent folder copy installed at \[lB]B\[rB]. .P For a graphical breakdown of what is installed where, use \fBnpm ls\fR. .SS "Publishing" .P Upon publishing, npm will look in the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. If any of the items there are not in the \fBbundleDependencies\fR array, then they will not be included in the package tarball. .P This allows a package maintainer to install all of their dependencies (and dev dependencies) locally, but only re-publish those items that cannot be found elsewhere. See \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR for more information. .SS "See also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help pack .IP \(bu 4 npm help cache .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .RE 0 PK ! �\�) ) man5/install.5nu �[��� .TH "INSTALL" "5" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBinstall\fR - Download and install node and npm .SS "Description" .P To publish and install packages to and from the public npm registry, you must install Node.js and the npm command line interface using either a Node version manager or a Node installer. \fBWe strongly recommend using a Node version manager to install Node.js and npm.\fR We do not recommend using a Node installer, since the Node installation process installs npm in a directory with local permissions and can cause permissions errors when you run npm packages globally. .SS "Overview" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBChecking your version of npm and Node.js\fR \fI(Checking your version of npm and Node.js)\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBUsing a Node version manager to install Node.js and npm\fR \fI(Using a Node version manager to install Node.js and npm)\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBUsing a Node installer to install Node.js and npm\fR \fI(Using a Node installer to install Node.js and npm)\fR .RE 0 .SS "Checking your version of npm and Node.js" .P To see if you already have Node.js and npm installed and check the installed version, run the following commands: .P .RS 2 .nf node -v npm -v .fi .RE .SS "Using a Node version manager to install Node.js and npm" .P Node version managers allow you to install and switch between multiple versions of Node.js and npm on your system so you can test your applications on multiple versions of npm to ensure they work for users on different versions. You can \fBsearch for them on GitHub\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/search?q=node+version+manager+archived%3Afalse&type=repositories&ref=advsearch\(ra\fR. .SS "Using a Node installer to install Node.js and npm" .P If you are unable to use a Node version manager, you can use a Node installer to install both Node.js and npm on your system. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBNode.js installer\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/en/download/\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBNodeSource installer\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/nodesource/distributions\(ra\fR. If you use Linux, we recommend that you use a NodeSource installer. .RE 0 .SS "OS X or Windows Node installers" .P If you're using OS X or Windows, use one of the installers from the \fBNode.js download page\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/en/download/\(ra\fR. Be sure to install the version labeled \fBLTS\fR. Other versions have not yet been tested with npm. .SS "Linux or other operating systems Node installers" .P If you're using Linux or another operating system, use one of the following installers: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBNodeSource installer\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/nodesource/distributions\(ra\fR (recommended) .IP \(bu 4 One of the installers on the \fBNode.js download page\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/en/download/\(ra\fR .RE 0 .P Or see \fBthis page\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/\(ra\fR to install npm for Linux in the way many Linux developers prefer. .SS "Less-common operating systems" .P For more information on installing Node.js on a variety of operating systems, see \fBthis page\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/en/download/package-manager/\(ra\fR. PK ! ��)F F man1/npm-explore.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-EXPLORE" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-explore\fR - Browse an installed package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm explore <pkg> \[lB] -- <command>\[rB] .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Spawn a subshell in the directory of the installed package specified. .P If a command is specified, then it is run in the subshell, which then immediately terminates. .P This is particularly handy in the case of git submodules in the \fBnode_modules\fR folder: .P .RS 2 .nf npm explore some-dependency -- git pull origin master .fi .RE .P Note that the package is \fInot\fR automatically rebuilt afterwards, so be sure to use \fBnpm rebuild <pkg>\fR if you make any changes. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBshell\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: SHELL environment variable, or "bash" on Posix, or "cmd.exe" on Windows .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The shell to run for the \fBnpm explore\fR command. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help edit .IP \(bu 4 npm help rebuild .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .RE 0 PK ! �N��� � man1/npm-hook.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-HOOK" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-hook\fR - Manage registry hooks .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm hook add <pkg> <url> <secret> \[lB]--type=<type>\[rB] npm hook ls \[lB]pkg\[rB] npm hook rm <id> npm hook update <id> <url> <secret> .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Allows you to manage \fBnpm hooks\fR \fI\(lahttps://blog.npmjs.org/post/145260155635/introducing-hooks-get-notifications-of-npm\(ra\fR, including adding, removing, listing, and updating. .P Hooks allow you to configure URL endpoints that will be notified whenever a change happens to any of the supported entity types. Three different types of entities can be watched by hooks: packages, owners, and scopes. .P To create a package hook, simply reference the package name. .P To create an owner hook, prefix the owner name with \fB~\fR (as in, \fB~youruser\fR). .P To create a scope hook, prefix the scope name with \fB@\fR (as in, \fB@yourscope\fR). .P The hook \fBid\fR used by \fBupdate\fR and \fBrm\fR are the IDs listed in \fBnpm hook ls\fR for that particular hook. .P The shared secret will be sent along to the URL endpoint so you can verify the request came from your own configured hook. .SS "Example" .P Add a hook to watch a package for changes: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm hook add lodash https://example.com/ my-shared-secret .fi .RE .P Add a hook to watch packages belonging to the user \fBsubstack\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm hook add ~substack https://example.com/ my-shared-secret .fi .RE .P Add a hook to watch packages in the scope \fB@npm\fR .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm hook add @npm https://example.com/ my-shared-secret .fi .RE .P List all your active hooks: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm hook ls .fi .RE .P List your active hooks for the \fBlodash\fR package: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm hook ls lodash .fi .RE .P Update an existing hook's url: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm hook update id-deadbeef https://my-new-website.here/ .fi .RE .P Remove a hook: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm hook rm id-deadbeef .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBotp\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P This is a one-time password from a two-factor authenticator. It's needed when publishing or changing package permissions with \fBnpm access\fR. .P If not set, and a registry response fails with a challenge for a one-time password, npm will prompt on the command line for one. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB"Introducing Hooks" blog post\fR \fI\(lahttps://blog.npmjs.org/post/145260155635/introducing-hooks-get-notifications-of-npm\(ra\fR .RE 0 PK ! KB�� � man1/npm-run-script.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-RUN-SCRIPT" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-run-script\fR - Run arbitrary package scripts .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm run-script <command> \[lB]-- <args>\[rB] aliases: run, rum, urn .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This runs an arbitrary command from a package's \fB"scripts"\fR object. If no \fB"command"\fR is provided, it will list the available scripts. .P \fBrun\[lB]-script\[rB]\fR is used by the test, start, restart, and stop commands, but can be called directly, as well. When the scripts in the package are printed out, they're separated into lifecycle (test, start, restart) and directly-run scripts. .P Any positional arguments are passed to the specified script. Use \fB--\fR to pass \fB-\fR-prefixed flags and options which would otherwise be parsed by npm. .P For example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm run test -- --grep="pattern" .fi .RE .P The arguments will only be passed to the script specified after \fBnpm run\fR and not to any \fBpre\fR or \fBpost\fR script. .P The \fBenv\fR script is a special built-in command that can be used to list environment variables that will be available to the script at runtime. If an "env" command is defined in your package, it will take precedence over the built-in. .P In addition to the shell's pre-existing \fBPATH\fR, \fBnpm run\fR adds \fBnode_modules/.bin\fR to the \fBPATH\fR provided to scripts. Any binaries provided by locally-installed dependencies can be used without the \fBnode_modules/.bin\fR prefix. For example, if there is a \fBdevDependency\fR on \fBtap\fR in your package, you should write: .P .RS 2 .nf "scripts": {"test": "tap test/*.js"} .fi .RE .P instead of .P .RS 2 .nf "scripts": {"test": "node_modules/.bin/tap test/*.js"} .fi .RE .P The actual shell your script is run within is platform dependent. By default, on Unix-like systems it is the \fB/bin/sh\fR command, on Windows it is \fBcmd.exe\fR. The actual shell referred to by \fB/bin/sh\fR also depends on the system. You can customize the shell with the \fB\fBscript-shell\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#script-shell\(ra\fR. .P Scripts are run from the root of the package folder, regardless of what the current working directory is when \fBnpm run\fR is called. If you want your script to use different behavior based on what subdirectory you're in, you can use the \fBINIT_CWD\fR environment variable, which holds the full path you were in when you ran \fBnpm run\fR. .P \fBnpm run\fR sets the \fBNODE\fR environment variable to the \fBnode\fR executable with which \fBnpm\fR is executed. .P If you try to run a script without having a \fBnode_modules\fR directory and it fails, you will be given a warning to run \fBnpm install\fR, just in case you've forgotten. .SS "Workspaces support" .P You may use the \fB\fBworkspace\fR\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#workspace\(ra\fR or \fB\fBworkspaces\fR\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#workspaces\(ra\fR configs in order to run an arbitrary command from a package's \fB"scripts"\fR object in the context of the specified workspaces. If no \fB"command"\fR is provided, it will list the available scripts for each of these configured workspaces. .P Given a project with configured workspaces, e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf . +-- package.json `-- packages +-- a | `-- package.json +-- b | `-- package.json `-- c `-- package.json .fi .RE .P Assuming the workspace configuration is properly set up at the root level \fBpackage.json\fR file. e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf { "workspaces": \[lB] "./packages/*" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P And that each of the configured workspaces has a configured \fBtest\fR script, we can run tests in all of them using the \fB\fBworkspaces\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#workspaces\(ra\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf npm test --workspaces .fi .RE .SS "Filtering workspaces" .P It's also possible to run a script in a single workspace using the \fBworkspace\fR config along with a name or directory path: .P .RS 2 .nf npm test --workspace=a .fi .RE .P The \fBworkspace\fR config can also be specified multiple times in order to run a specific script in the context of multiple workspaces. When defining values for the \fBworkspace\fR config in the command line, it also possible to use \fB-w\fR as a shorthand, e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf npm test -w a -w b .fi .RE .P This last command will run \fBtest\fR in both \fB./packages/a\fR and \fB./packages/b\fR packages. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBif-present\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm will not exit with an error code when \fBrun-script\fR is invoked for a script that isn't defined in the \fBscripts\fR section of \fBpackage.json\fR. This option can be used when it's desirable to optionally run a script when it's present and fail if the script fails. This is useful, for example, when running scripts that may only apply for some builds in an otherwise generic CI setup. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBforeground-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBfalse\fR unless when using \fBnpm pack\fR or \fBnpm publish\fR where it defaults to \fBtrue\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Run all build scripts (ie, \fBpreinstall\fR, \fBinstall\fR, and \fBpostinstall\fR) scripts for installed packages in the foreground process, sharing standard input, output, and error with the main npm process. .P Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier, but can be useful for debugging. .SS "\fBscript-shell\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: '/bin/sh' on POSIX systems, 'cmd.exe' on Windows .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P The shell to use for scripts run with the \fBnpm exec\fR, \fBnpm run\fR and \fBnpm init <package-spec>\fR commands. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help scripts .IP \(bu 4 npm help test .IP \(bu 4 npm help start .IP \(bu 4 npm help restart .IP \(bu 4 npm help stop .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help workspaces .RE 0 PK ! $�>� � man1/npm-shrinkwrap.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-SHRINKWRAP" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-shrinkwrap\fR - Lock down dependency versions for publication .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm shrinkwrap .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P This command repurposes \fBpackage-lock.json\fR into a publishable \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR or simply creates a new one. The file created and updated by this command will then take precedence over any other existing or future \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files. For a detailed explanation of the design and purpose of package locks in npm, see npm help package-lock-json. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help run-script .IP \(bu 4 npm help scripts .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage-lock.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-lock-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/npm-shrinkwrap-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help ls .RE 0 PK ! ����0 �0 man1/npm-exec.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-EXEC" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-exec\fR - Run a command from a local or remote npm package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm exec -- <pkg>\[lB]@<version>\[rB] \[lB]args...\[rB] npm exec --package=<pkg>\[lB]@<version>\[rB] -- <cmd> \[lB]args...\[rB] npm exec -c '<cmd> \[lB]args...\[rB]' npm exec --package=foo -c '<cmd> \[lB]args...\[rB]' alias: x .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command allows you to run an arbitrary command from an npm package (either one installed locally, or fetched remotely), in a similar context as running it via \fBnpm run\fR. .P Run without positional arguments or \fB--call\fR, this allows you to interactively run commands in the same sort of shell environment that \fBpackage.json\fR scripts are run. Interactive mode is not supported in CI environments when standard input is a TTY, to prevent hangs. .P Whatever packages are specified by the \fB--package\fR option will be provided in the \fBPATH\fR of the executed command, along with any locally installed package executables. The \fB--package\fR option may be specified multiple times, to execute the supplied command in an environment where all specified packages are available. .P If any requested packages are not present in the local project dependencies, then a prompt is printed, which can be suppressed by providing either \fB--yes\fR or \fB--no\fR. When standard input is not a TTY or a CI environment is detected, \fB--yes\fR is assumed. The requested packages are installed to a folder in the npm cache, which is added to the \fBPATH\fR environment variable in the executed process. .P Package names provided without a specifier will be matched with whatever version exists in the local project. Package names with a specifier will only be considered a match if they have the exact same name and version as the local dependency. .P If no \fB-c\fR or \fB--call\fR option is provided, then the positional arguments are used to generate the command string. If no \fB--package\fR options are provided, then npm will attempt to determine the executable name from the package specifier provided as the first positional argument according to the following heuristic: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 If the package has a single entry in its \fBbin\fR field in \fBpackage.json\fR, or if all entries are aliases of the same command, then that command will be used. .IP \(bu 4 If the package has multiple \fBbin\fR entries, and one of them matches the unscoped portion of the \fBname\fR field, then that command will be used. .IP \(bu 4 If this does not result in exactly one option (either because there are no bin entries, or none of them match the \fBname\fR of the package), then \fBnpm exec\fR exits with an error. .RE 0 .P To run a binary \fIother than\fR the named binary, specify one or more \fB--package\fR options, which will prevent npm from inferring the package from the first command argument. .SS "\fBnpx\fR vs \fBnpm exec\fR" .P When run via the \fBnpx\fR binary, all flags and options \fImust\fR be set prior to any positional arguments. When run via \fBnpm exec\fR, a double-hyphen \fB--\fR flag can be used to suppress npm's parsing of switches and options that should be sent to the executed command. .P For example: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npx foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo .fi .RE .P In this case, npm will resolve the \fBfoo\fR package name, and run the following command: .P .RS 2 .nf $ foo bar --package=@npmcli/foo .fi .RE .P Since the \fB--package\fR option comes \fIafter\fR the positional arguments, it is treated as an argument to the executed command. .P In contrast, due to npm's argument parsing logic, running this command is different: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm exec foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo .fi .RE .P In this case, npm will parse the \fB--package\fR option first, resolving the \fB@npmcli/foo\fR package. Then, it will execute the following command in that context: .P .RS 2 .nf $ foo@latest bar .fi .RE .P The double-hyphen character is recommended to explicitly tell npm to stop parsing command line options and switches. The following command would thus be equivalent to the \fBnpx\fR command above: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm exec -- foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBpackage\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P The package or packages to install for npm help exec .SS "\fBcall\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Optional companion option for \fBnpm exec\fR, \fBnpx\fR that allows for specifying a custom command to be run along with the installed packages. .P .RS 2 .nf npm exec --package yo --package generator-node --call "yo node" .fi .RE .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "Examples" .P Run the version of \fBtap\fR in the local dependencies, with the provided arguments: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm exec -- tap --bail test/foo.js $ npx tap --bail test/foo.js .fi .RE .P Run a command \fIother than\fR the command whose name matches the package name by specifying a \fB--package\fR option: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm exec --package=foo -- bar --bar-argument # ~ or ~ $ npx --package=foo bar --bar-argument .fi .RE .P Run an arbitrary shell script, in the context of the current project: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm x -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"' $ npx -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"' .fi .RE .SS "Workspaces support" .P You may use the \fB\fBworkspace\fR\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#workspace\(ra\fR or \fB\fBworkspaces\fR\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#workspaces\(ra\fR configs in order to run an arbitrary command from an npm package (either one installed locally, or fetched remotely) in the context of the specified workspaces. If no positional argument or \fB--call\fR option is provided, it will open an interactive subshell in the context of each of these configured workspaces one at a time. .P Given a project with configured workspaces, e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf . +-- package.json `-- packages +-- a | `-- package.json +-- b | `-- package.json `-- c `-- package.json .fi .RE .P Assuming the workspace configuration is properly set up at the root level \fBpackage.json\fR file. e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf { "workspaces": \[lB] "./packages/*" \[rB] } .fi .RE .P You can execute an arbitrary command from a package in the context of each of the configured workspaces when using the \fB\fBworkspaces\fR config options\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#workspace\(ra\fR, in this example we're using \fBeslint\fR to lint any js file found within each workspace folder: .P .RS 2 .nf npm exec --ws -- eslint ./*.js .fi .RE .SS "Filtering workspaces" .P It's also possible to execute a command in a single workspace using the \fBworkspace\fR config along with a name or directory path: .P .RS 2 .nf npm exec --workspace=a -- eslint ./*.js .fi .RE .P The \fBworkspace\fR config can also be specified multiple times in order to run a specific script in the context of multiple workspaces. When defining values for the \fBworkspace\fR config in the command line, it also possible to use \fB-w\fR as a shorthand, e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf npm exec -w a -w b -- eslint ./*.js .fi .RE .P This last command will run the \fBeslint\fR command in both \fB./packages/a\fR and \fB./packages/b\fR folders. .SS "Compatibility with Older npx Versions" .P The \fBnpx\fR binary was rewritten in npm v7.0.0, and the standalone \fBnpx\fR package deprecated at that time. \fBnpx\fR uses the \fBnpm exec\fR command instead of a separate argument parser and install process, with some affordances to maintain backwards compatibility with the arguments it accepted in previous versions. .P This resulted in some shifts in its functionality: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Any \fBnpm\fR config value may be provided. .IP \(bu 4 To prevent security and user-experience problems from mistyping package names, \fBnpx\fR prompts before installing anything. Suppress this prompt with the \fB-y\fR or \fB--yes\fR option. .IP \(bu 4 The \fB--no-install\fR option is deprecated, and will be converted to \fB--no\fR. .IP \(bu 4 Shell fallback functionality is removed, as it is not advisable. .IP \(bu 4 The \fB-p\fR argument is a shorthand for \fB--parseable\fR in npm, but shorthand for \fB--package\fR in npx. This is maintained, but only for the \fBnpx\fR executable. .IP \(bu 4 The \fB--ignore-existing\fR option is removed. Locally installed bins are always present in the executed process \fBPATH\fR. .IP \(bu 4 The \fB--npm\fR option is removed. \fBnpx\fR will always use the \fBnpm\fR it ships with. .IP \(bu 4 The \fB--node-arg\fR and \fB-n\fR options are removed. .IP \(bu 4 The \fB--always-spawn\fR option is redundant, and thus removed. .IP \(bu 4 The \fB--shell\fR option is replaced with \fB--script-shell\fR, but maintained in the \fBnpx\fR executable for backwards compatibility. .RE 0 .SS "A note on caching" .P The npm cli utilizes its internal package cache when using the package name specified. You can use the following to change how and when the cli uses this cache. See npm help cache for more on how the cache works. .SS "prefer-online" .P Forces staleness checks for packages, making the cli look for updates immediately even if the package is already in the cache. .SS "prefer-offline" .P Bypasses staleness checks for packages. Missing data will still be requested from the server. To force full offline mode, use \fBoffline\fR. .SS "offline" .P Forces full offline mode. Any packages not locally cached will result in an error. .SS "workspace" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result to selecting all of the nested workspaces) .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "workspaces" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Alias: \fB--ws\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBfalse\fR .RE 0 .P Run scripts in the context of all configured workspaces for the current project. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help run-script .IP \(bu 4 npm help scripts .IP \(bu 4 npm help test .IP \(bu 4 npm help start .IP \(bu 4 npm help restart .IP \(bu 4 npm help stop .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help workspaces .IP \(bu 4 npm help npx .RE 0 PK ! ��a�z z man1/npm-publish.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-PUBLISH" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-publish\fR - Publish a package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm publish <package-spec> .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P Publishes a package to the registry so that it can be installed by name. .P By default npm will publish to the public registry. This can be overridden by specifying a different default registry or using a npm help scope in the name, combined with a scope-configured registry (see \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR). .P A \fBpackage\fR is interpreted the same way as other commands (like \fBnpm install\fR) and can be: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 a) a folder containing a program described by a \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR file .IP \(bu 4 b) a gzipped tarball containing (a) .IP \(bu 4 c) a url that resolves to (b) .IP \(bu 4 d) a \fB<name>@<version>\fR that is published on the registry (see npm help registry) with (c) .IP \(bu 4 e) a \fB<name>@<tag>\fR (see npm help dist-tag) that points to (d) .IP \(bu 4 f) a \fB<name>\fR that has a "latest" tag satisfying (e) .IP \(bu 4 g) a \fB<git remote url>\fR that resolves to (a) .RE 0 .P The publish will fail if the package name and version combination already exists in the specified registry. .P Once a package is published with a given name and version, that specific name and version combination can never be used again, even if it is removed with npm help unpublish. .P As of \fBnpm@5\fR, both a sha1sum and an integrity field with a sha512sum of the tarball will be submitted to the registry during publication. Subsequent installs will use the strongest supported algorithm to verify downloads. .P Similar to \fB--dry-run\fR see npm help pack, which figures out the files to be included and packs them into a tarball to be uploaded to the registry. .SS "Files included in package" .P To see what will be included in your package, run \fBnpm pack --dry-run\fR. All files are included by default, with the following exceptions: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Certain files that are relevant to package installation and distribution are always included. For example, \fBpackage.json\fR, \fBREADME.md\fR, \fBLICENSE\fR, and so on. .IP \(bu 4 If there is a "files" list in \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR, then only the files specified will be included. (If directories are specified, then they will be walked recursively and their contents included, subject to the same ignore rules.) .IP \(bu 4 If there is a \fB.gitignore\fR or \fB.npmignore\fR file, then ignored files in that and all child directories will be excluded from the package. If \fIboth\fR files exist, then the \fB.gitignore\fR is ignored, and only the \fB.npmignore\fR is used. .P \fB.npmignore\fR files follow the \fBsame pattern rules\fR \fI\(lahttps://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Recording-Changes-to-the-Repository#_ignoring\(ra\fR as \fB.gitignore\fR files .IP \(bu 4 If the file matches certain patterns, then it will \fInever\fR be included, unless explicitly added to the \fB"files"\fR list in \fBpackage.json\fR, or un-ignored with a \fB!\fR rule in a \fB.npmignore\fR or \fB.gitignore\fR file. .IP \(bu 4 Symbolic links are never included in npm packages. .RE 0 .P See npm help developers for full details on what's included in the published package, as well as details on how the package is built. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBtag\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "latest" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P If you ask npm to install a package and don't tell it a specific version, then it will install the specified tag. .P It is the tag added to the package@version specified in the \fBnpm dist-tag add\fR command, if no explicit tag is given. .P When used by the \fBnpm diff\fR command, this is the tag used to fetch the tarball that will be compared with the local files by default. .P If used in the \fBnpm publish\fR command, this is the tag that will be added to the package submitted to the registry. .SS "\fBaccess\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'public' for new packages, existing packages it will not change the current level .IP \(bu 4 Type: null, "restricted", or "public" .RE 0 .P If you do not want your scoped package to be publicly viewable (and installable) set \fB--access=restricted\fR. .P Unscoped packages can not be set to \fBrestricted\fR. .P Note: This defaults to not changing the current access level for existing packages. Specifying a value of \fBrestricted\fR or \fBpublic\fR during publish will change the access for an existing package the same way that \fBnpm access set status\fR would. .SS "\fBdry-run\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBdedupe\fR, \fBuninstall\fR, as well as \fBpack\fR and \fBpublish\fR. .P Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist-tags\fR, \fBowner\fR, etc. .SS "\fBotp\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P This is a one-time password from a two-factor authenticator. It's needed when publishing or changing package permissions with \fBnpm access\fR. .P If not set, and a registry response fails with a challenge for a one-time password, npm will prompt on the command line for one. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBprovenance\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When publishing from a supported cloud CI/CD system, the package will be publicly linked to where it was built and published from. .P This config can not be used with: \fBprovenance-file\fR .SS "\fBprovenance-file\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: Path .RE 0 .P When publishing, the provenance bundle at the given path will be used. .P This config can not be used with: \fBprovenance\fR .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm-packlist package\fR \fI\(lahttp://npm.im/npm-packlist\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help scope .IP \(bu 4 npm help adduser .IP \(bu 4 npm help owner .IP \(bu 4 npm help deprecate .IP \(bu 4 npm help dist-tag .IP \(bu 4 npm help pack .IP \(bu 4 npm help profile .RE 0 PK ! W7��� � man1/npm-team.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-TEAM" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-team\fR - Manage organization teams and team memberships .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm team create <scope:team> \[lB]--otp <otpcode>\[rB] npm team destroy <scope:team> \[lB]--otp <otpcode>\[rB] npm team add <scope:team> <user> \[lB]--otp <otpcode>\[rB] npm team rm <scope:team> <user> \[lB]--otp <otpcode>\[rB] npm team ls <scope>|<scope:team> .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Used to manage teams in organizations, and change team memberships. Does not handle permissions for packages. .P Teams must always be fully qualified with the organization/scope they belong to when operating on them, separated by a colon (\fB:\fR). That is, if you have a \fBnewteam\fR team in an \fBorg\fR organization, you must always refer to that team as \fB@org:newteam\fR in these commands. .P If you have two-factor authentication enabled in \fBauth-and-writes\fR mode, then you can provide a code from your authenticator with \fB\[lB]--otp <otpcode>\[rB]\fR. If you don't include this then you will be taken through a second factor flow based on your \fBauthtype\fR. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 create / destroy: Create a new team, or destroy an existing one. Note: You cannot remove the \fBdevelopers\fR team, \fBlearn more.\fR \fI\(lahttps://docs.npmjs.com/about-developers-team\(ra\fR .P Here's how to create a new team \fBnewteam\fR under the \fBorg\fR org: .P .RS 2 .nf npm team create @org:newteam .fi .RE .P You should see a confirming message such as: \fB+@org:newteam\fR once the new team has been created. .IP \(bu 4 add: Add a user to an existing team. .P Adding a new user \fBusername\fR to a team named \fBnewteam\fR under the \fBorg\fR org: .P .RS 2 .nf npm team add @org:newteam username .fi .RE .P On success, you should see a message: \fBusername added to @org:newteam\fR .IP \(bu 4 rm: Using \fBnpm team rm\fR you can also remove users from a team they belong to. .P Here's an example removing user \fBusername\fR from \fBnewteam\fR team in \fBorg\fR organization: .P .RS 2 .nf npm team rm @org:newteam username .fi .RE .P Once the user is removed a confirmation message is displayed: \fBusername removed from @org:newteam\fR .IP \(bu 4 ls: If performed on an organization name, will return a list of existing teams under that organization. If performed on a team, it will instead return a list of all users belonging to that particular team. .P Here's an example of how to list all teams from an org named \fBorg\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf npm team ls @org .fi .RE .P Example listing all members of a team named \fBnewteam\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf npm team ls @org:newteam .fi .RE .RE 0 .SS "Details" .P \fBnpm team\fR always operates directly on the current registry, configurable from the command line using \fB--registry=<registry url>\fR. .P You must be a \fIteam admin\fR to create teams and manage team membership, under the given organization. Listing teams and team memberships may be done by any member of the organization. .P Organization creation and management of team admins and \fIorganization\fR members is done through the website, not the npm CLI. .P To use teams to manage permissions on packages belonging to your organization, use the \fBnpm access\fR command to grant or revoke the appropriate permissions. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBotp\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P This is a one-time password from a two-factor authenticator. It's needed when publishing or changing package permissions with \fBnpm access\fR. .P If not set, and a registry response fails with a challenge for a one-time password, npm will prompt on the command line for one. .SS "\fBparseable\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Output parseable results from commands that write to standard output. For \fBnpm search\fR, this will be tab-separated table format. .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help access .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .RE 0 PK ! �H man1/npm-view.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-VIEW" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-view\fR - View registry info .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm view \[lB]<package-spec>\[rB] \[lB]<field>\[lB].subfield\[rB]...\[rB] aliases: info, show, v .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command shows data about a package and prints it to stdout. .P As an example, to view information about the \fBconnect\fR package from the registry, you would run: .P .RS 2 .nf npm view connect .fi .RE .P The default version is \fB"latest"\fR if unspecified. .P Field names can be specified after the package descriptor. For example, to show the dependencies of the \fBronn\fR package at version \fB0.3.5\fR, you could do the following: .P .RS 2 .nf npm view ronn@0.3.5 dependencies .fi .RE .P By default, \fBnpm view\fR shows data about the current project context (by looking for a \fBpackage.json\fR). To show field data for the current project use a file path (i.e. \fB.\fR): .P .RS 2 .nf npm view . dependencies .fi .RE .P You can view child fields by separating them with a period. To view the git repository URL for the latest version of \fBnpm\fR, you would run the following command: .P .RS 2 .nf npm view npm repository.url .fi .RE .P This makes it easy to view information about a dependency with a bit of shell scripting. For example, to view all the data about the version of \fBopts\fR that \fBronn\fR depends on, you could write the following: .P .RS 2 .nf npm view opts@$(npm view ronn dependencies.opts) .fi .RE .P For fields that are arrays, requesting a non-numeric field will return all of the values from the objects in the list. For example, to get all the contributor email addresses for the \fBexpress\fR package, you would run: .P .RS 2 .nf npm view express contributors.email .fi .RE .P You may also use numeric indices in square braces to specifically select an item in an array field. To just get the email address of the first contributor in the list, you can run: .P .RS 2 .nf npm view express contributors\[lB]0\[rB].email .fi .RE .P If the field value you are querying for is a property of an object, you should run: .P .RS 2 .nf npm view express time'\[lB]4.8.0\[rB]' .fi .RE .P Multiple fields may be specified, and will be printed one after another. For example, to get all the contributor names and email addresses, you can do this: .P .RS 2 .nf npm view express contributors.name contributors.email .fi .RE .P "Person" fields are shown as a string if they would be shown as an object. So, for example, this will show the list of \fBnpm\fR contributors in the shortened string format. (See \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR for more on this.) .P .RS 2 .nf npm view npm contributors .fi .RE .P If a version range is provided, then data will be printed for every matching version of the package. This will show which version of \fBjsdom\fR was required by each matching version of \fByui3\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf npm view yui3@'>0.5.4' dependencies.jsdom .fi .RE .P To show the \fBconnect\fR package version history, you can do this: .P .RS 2 .nf npm view connect versions .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "Output" .P If only a single string field for a single version is output, then it will not be colorized or quoted, to enable piping the output to another command. If the field is an object, it will be output as a JavaScript object literal. .P If the \fB--json\fR flag is given, the outputted fields will be JSON. .P If the version range matches multiple versions then each printed value will be prefixed with the version it applies to. .P If multiple fields are requested, then each of them is prefixed with the field name. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help search .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help docs .RE 0 PK ! HA� man1/npm-query.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-QUERY" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-query\fR - Dependency selector query .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm query <selector> .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P The \fBnpm query\fR command allows for usage of css selectors in order to retrieve an array of dependency objects. .SS "Piping npm query to other commands" .P .RS 2 .nf # find all dependencies with postinstall scripts & uninstall them npm query ":attr(scripts, \[lB]postinstall\[rB])" | jq 'map(.name)|join("\[rs]n")' -r | xargs -I {} npm uninstall {} # find all git dependencies & explain who requires them npm query ":type(git)" | jq 'map(.name)' | xargs -I {} npm why {} .fi .RE .SS "Extended Use Cases & Queries" .P .RS 2 .nf // all deps * // all direct deps :root > * // direct production deps :root > .prod // direct development deps :root > .dev // any peer dep of a direct deps :root > * > .peer // any workspace dep .workspace // all workspaces that depend on another workspace .workspace > .workspace // all workspaces that have peer deps .workspace:has(.peer) // any dep named "lodash" // equivalent to \[lB]name="lodash"\[rB] #lodash // any deps named "lodash" & within semver range ^"1.2.3" #lodash@^1.2.3 // equivalent to... \[lB]name="lodash"\[rB]:semver(^1.2.3) // get the hoisted node for a given semver range #lodash@^1.2.3:not(:deduped) // querying deps with a specific version #lodash@2.1.5 // equivalent to... \[lB]name="lodash"\[rB]\[lB]version="2.1.5"\[rB] // has any deps :has(*) // deps with no other deps (ie. "leaf" nodes) :empty // manually querying git dependencies \[lB]repository^=github:\[rB], \[lB]repository^=git:\[rB], \[lB]repository^=https://github.com\[rB], \[lB]repository^=http://github.com\[rB], \[lB]repository^=https://github.com\[rB], \[lB]repository^=+git:...\[rB] // querying for all git dependencies :type(git) // get production dependencies that aren't also dev deps .prod:not(.dev) // get dependencies with specific licenses \[lB]license=MIT\[rB], \[lB]license=ISC\[rB] // find all packages that have @ruyadorno as a contributor :attr(contributors, \[lB]email=ruyadorno@github.com\[rB]) .fi .RE .SS "Example Response Output" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 an array of dependency objects is returned which can contain multiple copies of the same package which may or may not have been linked or deduped .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf \[lB] { "name": "", "version": "", "description": "", "homepage": "", "bugs": {}, "author": {}, "license": {}, "funding": {}, "files": \[lB]\[rB], "main": "", "browser": "", "bin": {}, "man": \[lB]\[rB], "directories": {}, "repository": {}, "scripts": {}, "config": {}, "dependencies": {}, "devDependencies": {}, "optionalDependencies": {}, "bundledDependencies": {}, "peerDependencies": {}, "peerDependenciesMeta": {}, "engines": {}, "os": \[lB]\[rB], "cpu": \[lB]\[rB], "workspaces": {}, "keywords": \[lB]\[rB], ... }, ... .fi .RE .SS "Expecting a certain number of results" .P One common use of \fBnpm query\fR is to make sure there is only one version of a certain dependency in your tree. This is especially common for ecosystems like that rely on \fBtypescript\fR where having state split across two different but identically-named packages causes bugs. You can use the \fB--expect-results\fR or \fB--expect-result-count\fR in your setup to ensure that npm will exit with an exit code if your tree doesn't look like you want it to. .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm query '#react' --expect-result-count=1 .fi .RE .P Perhaps you want to quickly check if there are any production dependencies that could be updated: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm query ':root>:outdated(in-range).prod' --no-expect-results .fi .RE .SS "Package lock only mode" .P If package-lock-only is enabled, only the information in the package lock (or shrinkwrap) is loaded. This means that information from the package.json files of your dependencies will not be included in the result set (e.g. description, homepage, engines). .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBpackage-lock-only\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, the current operation will only use the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, ignoring \fBnode_modules\fR. .P For \fBupdate\fR this means only the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR will be updated, instead of checking \fBnode_modules\fR and downloading dependencies. .P For \fBlist\fR this means the output will be based on the tree described by the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, rather than the contents of \fBnode_modules\fR. .SS "\fBexpect-results\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Tells npm whether or not to expect results from the command. Can be either true (expect some results) or false (expect no results). .P This config can not be used with: \fBexpect-result-count\fR .SS "\fBexpect-result-count\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Number .RE 0 .P Tells to expect a specific number of results from the command. .P This config can not be used with: \fBexpect-results\fR .SH "SEE ALSO" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "dependency selectors" .RE 0 PK ! ��y� man1/npm-dist-tag.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-DIST-TAG" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-dist-tag\fR - Modify package distribution tags .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm dist-tag add <package-spec (with version)> \[lB]<tag>\[rB] npm dist-tag rm <package-spec> <tag> npm dist-tag ls \[lB]<package-spec>\[rB] alias: dist-tags .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P Add, remove, and enumerate distribution tags on a package: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 add: Tags the specified version of the package with the specified tag, or the \fB\fB--tag\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#tag\(ra\fR if not specified. If you have two-factor authentication on auth-and-writes then you\[cq]ll need to include a one-time password on the command line with \fB--otp <one-time password>\fR, or go through a second factor flow based on your \fBauthtype\fR. .IP \(bu 4 rm: Clear a tag that is no longer in use from the package. If you have two-factor authentication on auth-and-writes then you\[cq]ll need to include a one-time password on the command line with \fB--otp <one-time password>\fR, or go through a second factor flow based on your \fBauthtype\fR .IP \(bu 4 ls: Show all of the dist-tags for a package, defaulting to the package in the current prefix. This is the default action if none is specified. .RE 0 .P A tag can be used when installing packages as a reference to a version instead of using a specific version number: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install <name>@<tag> .fi .RE .P When installing dependencies, a preferred tagged version may be specified: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install --tag <tag> .fi .RE .P (This also applies to any other commands that resolve and install dependencies, such as \fBnpm dedupe\fR, \fBnpm update\fR, and \fBnpm audit fix\fR.) .P Publishing a package sets the \fBlatest\fR tag to the published version unless the \fB--tag\fR option is used. For example, \fBnpm publish --tag=beta\fR. .P By default, \fBnpm install <pkg>\fR (without any \fB@<version>\fR or \fB@<tag>\fR specifier) installs the \fBlatest\fR tag. .SS "Purpose" .P Tags can be used to provide an alias instead of version numbers. .P For example, a project might choose to have multiple streams of development and use a different tag for each stream, e.g., \fBstable\fR, \fBbeta\fR, \fBdev\fR, \fBcanary\fR. .P By default, the \fBlatest\fR tag is used by npm to identify the current version of a package, and \fBnpm install <pkg>\fR (without any \fB@<version>\fR or \fB@<tag>\fR specifier) installs the \fBlatest\fR tag. Typically, projects only use the \fBlatest\fR tag for stable release versions, and use other tags for unstable versions such as prereleases. .P The \fBnext\fR tag is used by some projects to identify the upcoming version. .P Other than \fBlatest\fR, no tag has any special significance to npm itself. .SS "Caveats" .P This command used to be known as \fBnpm tag\fR, which only created new tags, and so had a different syntax. .P Tags must share a namespace with version numbers, because they are specified in the same slot: \fBnpm install <pkg>@<version>\fR vs \fBnpm install <pkg>@<tag>\fR. .P Tags that can be interpreted as valid semver ranges will be rejected. For example, \fBv1.4\fR cannot be used as a tag, because it is interpreted by semver as \fB>=1.4.0 <1.5.0\fR. See \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/npm/issues/6082\(ra\fR. .P The simplest way to avoid semver problems with tags is to use tags that do not begin with a number or the letter \fBv\fR. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help dedupe .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .RE 0 PK ! �+c�> > man1/npm-prune.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-PRUNE" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-prune\fR - Remove extraneous packages .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm prune \[lB]\[lB]<@scope>/\[rB]<pkg>...\[rB] .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command removes "extraneous" packages. If a package name is provided, then only packages matching one of the supplied names are removed. .P Extraneous packages are those present in the \fBnode_modules\fR folder that are not listed as any package's dependency list. .P If the \fB--omit=dev\fR flag is specified or the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to \fBproduction\fR, this command will remove the packages specified in your \fBdevDependencies\fR. .P If the \fB--dry-run\fR flag is used then no changes will actually be made. .P If the \fB--json\fR flag is used, then the changes \fBnpm prune\fR made (or would have made with \fB--dry-run\fR) are printed as a JSON object. .P In normal operation, extraneous modules are pruned automatically, so you'll only need this command with the \fB--production\fR flag. However, in the real world, operation is not always "normal". When crashes or mistakes happen, this command can help clean up any resulting garbage. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBomit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty. .IP \(bu 4 Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk. .P Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. They are just not physically installed on disk. .P If a package type appears in both the \fB--include\fR and \fB--omit\fR lists, then it will be included. .P If the resulting omit list includes \fB'dev'\fR, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable will be set to \fB'production'\fR for all lifecycle scripts. .SS "\fBinclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: "prod", "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install. .P This is the inverse of \fB--omit=<type>\fR. .P Dependency types specified in \fB--include\fR will not be omitted, regardless of the order in which omit/include are specified on the command-line. .SS "\fBdry-run\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBdedupe\fR, \fBuninstall\fR, as well as \fBpack\fR and \fBpublish\fR. .P Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist-tags\fR, \fBowner\fR, etc. .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBforeground-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBfalse\fR unless when using \fBnpm pack\fR or \fBnpm publish\fR where it defaults to \fBtrue\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Run all build scripts (ie, \fBpreinstall\fR, \fBinstall\fR, and \fBpostinstall\fR) scripts for installed packages in the foreground process, sharing standard input, output, and error with the main npm process. .P Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier, but can be useful for debugging. .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help uninstall .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help ls .RE 0 PK ! 0M0 man1/npm-unstar.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-UNSTAR" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-unstar\fR - Remove an item from your favorite packages .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm unstar \[lB]<package-spec>...\[rB] .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P "Unstarring" a package is the opposite of npm help star, it removes an item from your list of favorite packages. .SS "More" .P There's also these extra commands to help you manage your favorite packages: .SS "Star" .P You can "star" a package using npm help star .SS "Listing stars" .P You can see all your starred packages using npm help stars .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBunicode\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false on windows, true on mac/unix systems with a unicode locale, as defined by the \fBLC_ALL\fR, \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, or \fBLANG\fR environment variables. .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set to true, npm uses unicode characters in the tree output. When false, it uses ascii characters instead of unicode glyphs. .SS "\fBotp\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P This is a one-time password from a two-factor authenticator. It's needed when publishing or changing package permissions with \fBnpm access\fR. .P If not set, and a registry response fails with a challenge for a one-time password, npm will prompt on the command line for one. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help star .IP \(bu 4 npm help stars .IP \(bu 4 npm help view .IP \(bu 4 npm help whoami .IP \(bu 4 npm help adduser .RE 0 PK ! ���" " man1/npm-pkg.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-PKG" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-pkg\fR - Manages your package.json .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg set <key>=<value> \[lB]<key>=<value> ...\[rB] npm pkg get \[lB]<key> \[lB]<key> ...\[rB]\[rB] npm pkg delete <key> \[lB]<key> ...\[rB] npm pkg set \[lB]<array>\[lB]<index>\[rB].<key>=<value> ...\[rB] npm pkg set \[lB]<array>\[lB]\[rB].<key>=<value> ...\[rB] npm pkg fix .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P A command that automates the management of \fBpackage.json\fR files. \fBnpm pkg\fR provide 3 different sub commands that allow you to modify or retrieve values for given object keys in your \fBpackage.json\fR. .P The syntax to retrieve and set fields is a dot separated representation of the nested object properties to be found within your \fBpackage.json\fR, it's the same notation used in npm help view to retrieve information from the registry manifest, below you can find more examples on how to use it. .P Returned values are always in \fBjson\fR format. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm pkg get <field>\fR .P Retrieves a value \fBkey\fR, defined in your \fBpackage.json\fR file. .P For example, in order to retrieve the name of the current package, you can run: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg get name .fi .RE .P It's also possible to retrieve multiple values at once: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg get name version .fi .RE .P You can view child fields by separating them with a period. To retrieve the value of a test \fBscript\fR value, you would run the following command: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg get scripts.test .fi .RE .P For fields that are arrays, requesting a non-numeric field will return all of the values from the objects in the list. For example, to get all the contributor emails for a package, you would run: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg get contributors.email .fi .RE .P You may also use numeric indices in square braces to specifically select an item in an array field. To just get the email address of the first contributor in the list, you can run: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg get contributors\[lB]0\[rB].email .fi .RE .P For complex fields you can also name a property in square brackets to specifically select a child field. This is especially helpful with the exports object: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg get "exports\[lB].\[rB].require" .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm pkg set <field>=<value>\fR .P Sets a \fBvalue\fR in your \fBpackage.json\fR based on the \fBfield\fR value. When saving to your \fBpackage.json\fR file the same set of rules used during \fBnpm install\fR and other cli commands that touches the \fBpackage.json\fR file are used, making sure to respect the existing indentation and possibly applying some validation prior to saving values to the file. .P The same syntax used to retrieve values from your package can also be used to define new properties or overriding existing ones, below are some examples of how the dot separated syntax can be used to edit your \fBpackage.json\fR file. .P Defining a new bin named \fBmynewcommand\fR in your \fBpackage.json\fR that points to a file \fBcli.js\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg set bin.mynewcommand=cli.js .fi .RE .P Setting multiple fields at once is also possible: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg set description='Awesome package' engines.node='>=10' .fi .RE .P It's also possible to add to array values, for example to add a new contributor entry: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg set contributors\[lB]0\[rB].name='Foo' contributors\[lB]0\[rB].email='foo@bar.ca' .fi .RE .P You may also append items to the end of an array using the special empty bracket notation: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg set contributors\[lB]\[rB].name='Foo' contributors\[lB]\[rB].name='Bar' .fi .RE .P It's also possible to parse values as json prior to saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR file, for example in order to set a \fB"private": true\fR property: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg set private=true --json .fi .RE .P It also enables saving values as numbers: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg set tap.timeout=60 --json .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm pkg delete <key>\fR .P Deletes a \fBkey\fR from your \fBpackage.json\fR .P The same syntax used to set values from your package can also be used to remove existing ones. For example, in order to remove a script named build: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg delete scripts.build .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm pkg fix\fR .P Auto corrects common errors in your \fBpackage.json\fR. npm already does this during \fBpublish\fR, which leads to subtle (mostly harmless) differences between the contents of your \fBpackage.json\fR file and the manifest that npm uses during installation. .RE 0 .SS "Workspaces support" .P You can set/get/delete items across your configured workspaces by using the \fB\fBworkspace\fR\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#workspace\(ra\fR or \fB\fBworkspaces\fR\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#workspaces\(ra\fR config options. .P For example, setting a \fBfunding\fR value across all configured workspaces of a project: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg set funding=https://example.com --ws .fi .RE .P When using \fBnpm pkg get\fR to retrieve info from your configured workspaces, the returned result will be in a json format in which top level keys are the names of each workspace, the values of these keys will be the result values returned from each of the configured workspaces, e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf npm pkg get name version --ws { "a": { "name": "a", "version": "1.0.0" }, "b": { "name": "b", "version": "1.0.0" } } .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBforce\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Removes various protections against unfortunate side effects, common mistakes, unnecessary performance degradation, and malicious input. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Allow clobbering non-npm files in global installs. .IP \(bu 4 Allow the \fBnpm version\fR command to work on an unclean git repository. .IP \(bu 4 Allow deleting the cache folder with \fBnpm cache clean\fR. .IP \(bu 4 Allow installing packages that have an \fBengines\fR declaration requiring a different version of npm. .IP \(bu 4 Allow installing packages that have an \fBengines\fR declaration requiring a different version of \fBnode\fR, even if \fB--engine-strict\fR is enabled. .IP \(bu 4 Allow \fBnpm audit fix\fR to install modules outside your stated dependency range (including SemVer-major changes). .IP \(bu 4 Allow unpublishing all versions of a published package. .IP \(bu 4 Allow conflicting peerDependencies to be installed in the root project. .IP \(bu 4 Implicitly set \fB--yes\fR during \fBnpm init\fR. .IP \(bu 4 Allow clobbering existing values in \fBnpm pkg\fR .IP \(bu 4 Allow unpublishing of entire packages (not just a single version). .RE 0 .P If you don't have a clear idea of what you want to do, it is strongly recommended that you do not use this option! .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SH "SEE ALSO" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help init .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help workspaces .RE 0 PK ! e51�h �h man1/npm-install.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-INSTALL" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-install\fR - Install a package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm install \[lB]<package-spec> ...\[rB] aliases: add, i, in, ins, inst, insta, instal, isnt, isnta, isntal, isntall .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command installs a package and any packages that it depends on. If the package has a package-lock, or an npm shrinkwrap file, or a yarn lock file, the installation of dependencies will be driven by that, respecting the following order of precedence: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage-lock.json\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fByarn.lock\fR .RE 0 .P See \fBpackage-lock.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-lock-json\(ra\fR and npm help shrinkwrap. .P A \fBpackage\fR is: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 a) a folder containing a program described by a \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR file .IP \(bu 4 b) a gzipped tarball containing (a) .IP \(bu 4 c) a url that resolves to (b) .IP \(bu 4 d) a \fB<name>@<version>\fR that is published on the registry (see npm help registry) with (c) .IP \(bu 4 e) a \fB<name>@<tag>\fR (see npm help dist-tag) that points to (d) .IP \(bu 4 f) a \fB<name>\fR that has a "latest" tag satisfying (e) .IP \(bu 4 g) a \fB<git remote url>\fR that resolves to (a) .RE 0 .P Even if you never publish your package, you can still get a lot of benefits of using npm if you just want to write a node program (a), and perhaps if you also want to be able to easily install it elsewhere after packing it up into a tarball (b). .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install\fR (in a package directory, no arguments): .P Install the dependencies to the local \fBnode_modules\fR folder. .P In global mode (ie, with \fB-g\fR or \fB--global\fR appended to the command), it installs the current package context (ie, the current working directory) as a global package. .P By default, \fBnpm install\fR will install all modules listed as dependencies in \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR. .P With the \fB--production\fR flag (or when the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to \fBproduction\fR), npm will not install modules listed in \fBdevDependencies\fR. To install all modules listed in both \fBdependencies\fR and \fBdevDependencies\fR when \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to \fBproduction\fR, you can use \fB--production=false\fR. .RS 4 .P NOTE: The \fB--production\fR flag has no particular meaning when adding a dependency to a project. .RE 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install <folder>\fR: .P If \fB<folder>\fR sits inside the root of your project, its dependencies will be installed and may be hoisted to the top-level \fBnode_modules\fR as they would for other types of dependencies. If \fB<folder>\fR sits outside the root of your project, \fInpm will not install the package dependencies\fR in the directory \fB<folder>\fR, but it will create a symlink to \fB<folder>\fR. .RS 4 .P NOTE: If you want to install the content of a directory like a package from the registry instead of creating a link, you would need to use the \fB--install-links\fR option. .RE 0 .P Example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install ../../other-package --install-links npm install ./sub-package .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install <tarball file>\fR: .P Install a package that is sitting on the filesystem. Note: if you just want to link a dev directory into your npm root, you can do this more easily by using npm help link. .P Tarball requirements: .RS 4 .IP \(bu 4 The filename \fImust\fR use \fB.tar\fR, \fB.tar.gz\fR, or \fB.tgz\fR as the extension. .IP \(bu 4 The package contents should reside in a subfolder inside the tarball (usually it is called \fBpackage/\fR). npm strips one directory layer when installing the package (an equivalent of \fBtar x --strip-components=1\fR is run). .IP \(bu 4 The package must contain a \fBpackage.json\fR file with \fBname\fR and \fBversion\fR properties. .RE 0 .P Example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install ./package.tgz .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install <tarball url>\fR: .P Fetch the tarball url, and then install it. In order to distinguish between this and other options, the argument must start with "http://" or "https://" .P Example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install https://github.com/indexzero/forever/tarball/v0.5.6 .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install \[lB]<@scope>/\[rB]<name>\fR: .P Do a \fB<name>@<tag>\fR install, where \fB<tag>\fR is the "tag" config. (See \fB\fBconfig\fR\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#tag\(ra\fR. The config's default value is \fBlatest\fR.) .P In most cases, this will install the version of the modules tagged as \fBlatest\fR on the npm registry. .P Example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install sax .fi .RE .P \fBnpm install\fR saves any specified packages into \fBdependencies\fR by default. Additionally, you can control where and how they get saved with some additional flags: .RS 4 .IP \(bu 4 \fB-P, --save-prod\fR: Package will appear in your \fBdependencies\fR. This is the default unless \fB-D\fR or \fB-O\fR are present. .IP \(bu 4 \fB-D, --save-dev\fR: Package will appear in your \fBdevDependencies\fR. .IP \(bu 4 \fB--save-peer\fR: Package will appear in your \fBpeerDependencies\fR. .IP \(bu 4 \fB-O, --save-optional\fR: Package will appear in your \fBoptionalDependencies\fR. .IP \(bu 4 \fB--no-save\fR: Prevents saving to \fBdependencies\fR. .RE 0 .P When using any of the above options to save dependencies to your package.json, there are two additional, optional flags: .RS 4 .IP \(bu 4 \fB-E, --save-exact\fR: Saved dependencies will be configured with an exact version rather than using npm's default semver range operator. .IP \(bu 4 \fB-B, --save-bundle\fR: Saved dependencies will also be added to your \fBbundleDependencies\fR list. .RE 0 .P Further, if you have an \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR or \fBpackage-lock.json\fR then it will be updated as well. .P \fB<scope>\fR is optional. The package will be downloaded from the registry associated with the specified scope. If no registry is associated with the given scope the default registry is assumed. See npm help scope. .P Note: if you do not include the @-symbol on your scope name, npm will interpret this as a GitHub repository instead, see below. Scopes names must also be followed by a slash. .P Examples: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install sax npm install githubname/reponame npm install @myorg/privatepackage npm install node-tap --save-dev npm install dtrace-provider --save-optional npm install readable-stream --save-exact npm install ansi-regex --save-bundle .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install <alias>@npm:<name>\fR: .P Install a package under a custom alias. Allows multiple versions of a same-name package side-by-side, more convenient import names for packages with otherwise long ones, and using git forks replacements or forked npm packages as replacements. Aliasing works only on your project and does not rename packages in transitive dependencies. Aliases should follow the naming conventions stated in \fB\fBvalidate-npm-package-name\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://www.npmjs.com/package/validate-npm-package-name#naming-rules\(ra\fR. .P Examples: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install my-react@npm:react npm install jquery2@npm:jquery@2 npm install jquery3@npm:jquery@3 npm install npa@npm:npm-package-arg .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install \[lB]<@scope>/\[rB]<name>@<tag>\fR: .P Install the version of the package that is referenced by the specified tag. If the tag does not exist in the registry data for that package, then this will fail. .P Example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install sax@latest npm install @myorg/mypackage@latest .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install \[lB]<@scope>/\[rB]<name>@<version>\fR: .P Install the specified version of the package. This will fail if the version has not been published to the registry. .P Example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install sax@0.1.1 npm install @myorg/privatepackage@1.5.0 .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install \[lB]<@scope>/\[rB]<name>@<version range>\fR: .P Install a version of the package matching the specified version range. This will follow the same rules for resolving dependencies described in \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR. .P Note that most version ranges must be put in quotes so that your shell will treat it as a single argument. .P Example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install sax@">=0.1.0 <0.2.0" npm install @myorg/privatepackage@"16 - 17" .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install <git remote url>\fR: .P Installs the package from the hosted git provider, cloning it with \fBgit\fR. For a full git remote url, only that URL will be attempted. .P .RS 2 .nf <protocol>://\[lB]<user>\[lB]:<password>\[rB]@\[rB]<hostname>\[lB]:<port>\[rB]\[lB]:\[rB]\[lB]/\[rB]<path>\[lB]#<commit-ish> | #semver:<semver>\[rB] .fi .RE .P \fB<protocol>\fR is one of \fBgit\fR, \fBgit+ssh\fR, \fBgit+http\fR, \fBgit+https\fR, or \fBgit+file\fR. .P If \fB#<commit-ish>\fR is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that commit. If the commit-ish has the format \fB#semver:<semver>\fR, \fB<semver>\fR can be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for any tags or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as it would for a registry dependency. If neither \fB#<commit-ish>\fR or \fB#semver:<semver>\fR is specified, then the default branch of the repository is used. .P If the repository makes use of submodules, those submodules will be cloned as well. .P If the package being installed contains a \fBprepare\fR script, its \fBdependencies\fR and \fBdevDependencies\fR will be installed, and the prepare script will be run, before the package is packaged and installed. .P The following git environment variables are recognized by npm and will be added to the environment when running git: .RS 4 .IP \(bu 4 \fBGIT_ASKPASS\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBGIT_EXEC_PATH\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBGIT_PROXY_COMMAND\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBGIT_SSH\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBGIT_SSH_COMMAND\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBGIT_SSL_CAINFO\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBGIT_SSL_NO_VERIFY\fR .RE 0 .P See the git man page for details. .P Examples: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli.git#v1.0.27 npm install git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli#pull/273 npm install git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli#semver:^5.0 npm install git+https://isaacs@github.com/npm/cli.git npm install git://github.com/npm/cli.git#v1.0.27 GIT_SSH_COMMAND='ssh -i ~/.ssh/custom_ident' npm install git+ssh://git@github.com:npm/cli.git .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install <githubname>/<githubrepo>\[lB]#<commit-ish>\[rB]\fR: .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install github:<githubname>/<githubrepo>\[lB]#<commit-ish>\[rB]\fR: .P Install the package at \fBhttps://github.com/githubname/githubrepo\fR by attempting to clone it using \fBgit\fR. .P If \fB#<commit-ish>\fR is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that commit. If the commit-ish has the format \fB#semver:<semver>\fR, \fB<semver>\fR can be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for any tags or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as it would for a registry dependency. If neither \fB#<commit-ish>\fR or \fB#semver:<semver>\fR is specified, then the default branch is used. .P As with regular git dependencies, \fBdependencies\fR and \fBdevDependencies\fR will be installed if the package has a \fBprepare\fR script before the package is done installing. .P Examples: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install mygithubuser/myproject npm install github:mygithubuser/myproject .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install gist:\[lB]<githubname>/\[rB]<gistID>\[lB]#<commit-ish>|#semver:<semver>\[rB]\fR: .P Install the package at \fBhttps://gist.github.com/gistID\fR by attempting to clone it using \fBgit\fR. The GitHub username associated with the gist is optional and will not be saved in \fBpackage.json\fR. .P As with regular git dependencies, \fBdependencies\fR and \fBdevDependencies\fR will be installed if the package has a \fBprepare\fR script before the package is done installing. .P Example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install gist:101a11beef .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install bitbucket:<bitbucketname>/<bitbucketrepo>\[lB]#<commit-ish>\[rB]\fR: .P Install the package at \fBhttps://bitbucket.org/bitbucketname/bitbucketrepo\fR by attempting to clone it using \fBgit\fR. .P If \fB#<commit-ish>\fR is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that commit. If the commit-ish has the format \fB#semver:<semver>\fR, \fB<semver>\fR can be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for any tags or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as it would for a registry dependency. If neither \fB#<commit-ish>\fR or \fB#semver:<semver>\fR is specified, then \fBmaster\fR is used. .P As with regular git dependencies, \fBdependencies\fR and \fBdevDependencies\fR will be installed if the package has a \fBprepare\fR script before the package is done installing. .P Example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install bitbucket:mybitbucketuser/myproject .fi .RE .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm install gitlab:<gitlabname>/<gitlabrepo>\[lB]#<commit-ish>\[rB]\fR: .P Install the package at \fBhttps://gitlab.com/gitlabname/gitlabrepo\fR by attempting to clone it using \fBgit\fR. .P If \fB#<commit-ish>\fR is provided, it will be used to clone exactly that commit. If the commit-ish has the format \fB#semver:<semver>\fR, \fB<semver>\fR can be any valid semver range or exact version, and npm will look for any tags or refs matching that range in the remote repository, much as it would for a registry dependency. If neither \fB#<commit-ish>\fR or \fB#semver:<semver>\fR is specified, then \fBmaster\fR is used. .P As with regular git dependencies, \fBdependencies\fR and \fBdevDependencies\fR will be installed if the package has a \fBprepare\fR script before the package is done installing. .P Example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install gitlab:mygitlabuser/myproject npm install gitlab:myusr/myproj#semver:^5.0 .fi .RE .RE 0 .P You may combine multiple arguments and even multiple types of arguments. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm install sax@">=0.1.0 <0.2.0" bench supervisor .fi .RE .P The \fB--tag\fR argument will apply to all of the specified install targets. If a tag with the given name exists, the tagged version is preferred over newer versions. .P The \fB--dry-run\fR argument will report in the usual way what the install would have done without actually installing anything. .P The \fB--package-lock-only\fR argument will only update the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, instead of checking \fBnode_modules\fR and downloading dependencies. .P The \fB-f\fR or \fB--force\fR argument will force npm to fetch remote resources even if a local copy exists on disk. .P .RS 2 .nf npm install sax --force .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .P See the npm help config help doc. Many of the configuration params have some effect on installation, since that's most of what npm does. .P These are some of the most common options related to installation. .SS "\fBsave\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBtrue\fR unless when using \fBnpm update\fR where it defaults to \fBfalse\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Save installed packages to a \fBpackage.json\fR file as dependencies. .P When used with the \fBnpm rm\fR command, removes the dependency from \fBpackage.json\fR. .P Will also prevent writing to \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if set to \fBfalse\fR. .SS "\fBsave-exact\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Dependencies saved to package.json will be configured with an exact version rather than using npm's default semver range operator. .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBinstall-strategy\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "hoisted" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "hoisted", "nested", "shallow", or "linked" .RE 0 .P Sets the strategy for installing packages in node_modules. hoisted (default): Install non-duplicated in top-level, and duplicated as necessary within directory structure. nested: (formerly --legacy-bundling) install in place, no hoisting. shallow (formerly --global-style) only install direct deps at top-level. linked: (experimental) install in node_modules/.store, link in place, unhoisted. .SS "\fBlegacy-bundling\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR .RE 0 .P Instead of hoisting package installs in \fBnode_modules\fR, install packages in the same manner that they are depended on. This may cause very deep directory structures and duplicate package installs as there is no de-duplicating. Sets \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR. .SS "\fBglobal-style\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR .RE 0 .P Only install direct dependencies in the top level \fBnode_modules\fR, but hoist on deeper dependencies. Sets \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR. .SS "\fBomit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty. .IP \(bu 4 Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk. .P Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. They are just not physically installed on disk. .P If a package type appears in both the \fB--include\fR and \fB--omit\fR lists, then it will be included. .P If the resulting omit list includes \fB'dev'\fR, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable will be set to \fB'production'\fR for all lifecycle scripts. .SS "\fBinclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: "prod", "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install. .P This is the inverse of \fB--omit=<type>\fR. .P Dependency types specified in \fB--include\fR will not be omitted, regardless of the order in which omit/include are specified on the command-line. .SS "\fBstrict-peer-deps\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to \fBtrue\fR, and \fB--legacy-peer-deps\fR is not set, then \fIany\fR conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR will be treated as an install failure, even if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on non-peer dependency relationships. .P By default, conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR deep in the dependency graph will be resolved using the nearest non-peer dependency specification, even if doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency outside the range set in their package's \fBpeerDependencies\fR object. .P When such an override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the conflict and the packages involved. If \fB--strict-peer-deps\fR is set, then this warning is treated as a failure. .SS "\fBprefer-dedupe\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Prefer to deduplicate packages if possible, rather than choosing a newer version of a dependency. .SS "\fBpackage-lock\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to false, then ignore \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files when installing. This will also prevent \fIwriting\fR \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if \fBsave\fR is true. .SS "\fBpackage-lock-only\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, the current operation will only use the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, ignoring \fBnode_modules\fR. .P For \fBupdate\fR this means only the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR will be updated, instead of checking \fBnode_modules\fR and downloading dependencies. .P For \fBlist\fR this means the output will be based on the tree described by the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, rather than the contents of \fBnode_modules\fR. .SS "\fBforeground-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBfalse\fR unless when using \fBnpm pack\fR or \fBnpm publish\fR where it defaults to \fBtrue\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Run all build scripts (ie, \fBpreinstall\fR, \fBinstall\fR, and \fBpostinstall\fR) scripts for installed packages in the foreground process, sharing standard input, output, and error with the main npm process. .P Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier, but can be useful for debugging. .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBaudit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the default registry and all registries configured for scopes. See the documentation for npm help audit for details on what is submitted. .SS "\fBbin-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Tells npm to create symlinks (or \fB.cmd\fR shims on Windows) for package executables. .P Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix systems. .SS "\fBfund\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" displays the message at the end of each \fBnpm install\fR acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding. See npm help fund for details. .SS "\fBdry-run\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBdedupe\fR, \fBuninstall\fR, as well as \fBpack\fR and \fBpublish\fR. .P Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist-tags\fR, \fBowner\fR, etc. .SS "\fBcpu\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P Override CPU architecture of native modules to install. Acceptable values are same as \fBcpu\fR field of package.json, which comes from \fBprocess.arch\fR. .SS "\fBos\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P Override OS of native modules to install. Acceptable values are same as \fBos\fR field of package.json, which comes from \fBprocess.platform\fR. .SS "\fBlibc\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P Override libc of native modules to install. Acceptable values are same as \fBlibc\fR field of package.json .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "Algorithm" .P Given a \fBpackage{dep}\fR structure: \fBA{B,C}, B{C}, C{D}\fR, the npm install algorithm produces: .P .RS 2 .nf A +-- B +-- C +-- D .fi .RE .P That is, the dependency from B to C is satisfied by the fact that A already caused C to be installed at a higher level. D is still installed at the top level because nothing conflicts with it. .P For \fBA{B,C}, B{C,D@1}, C{D@2}\fR, this algorithm produces: .P .RS 2 .nf A +-- B +-- C `-- D@2 +-- D@1 .fi .RE .P Because B's D@1 will be installed in the top-level, C now has to install D@2 privately for itself. This algorithm is deterministic, but different trees may be produced if two dependencies are requested for installation in a different order. .P See npm help folders for a more detailed description of the specific folder structures that npm creates. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help update .IP \(bu 4 npm help audit .IP \(bu 4 npm help fund .IP \(bu 4 npm help link .IP \(bu 4 npm help rebuild .IP \(bu 4 npm help scripts .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help dist-tag .IP \(bu 4 npm help uninstall .IP \(bu 4 npm help shrinkwrap .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help workspaces .RE 0 PK ! T�.� � man1/npm-fund.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-FUND" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-fund\fR - Retrieve funding information .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm fund \[lB]<package-spec>\[rB] .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command retrieves information on how to fund the dependencies of a given project. If no package name is provided, it will list all dependencies that are looking for funding in a tree structure, listing the type of funding and the url to visit. If a package name is provided then it tries to open its funding url using the \fB\fB--browser\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#browser\(ra\fR param; if there are multiple funding sources for the package, the user will be instructed to pass the \fB--which\fR option to disambiguate. .P The list will avoid duplicated entries and will stack all packages that share the same url as a single entry. Thus, the list does not have the same shape of the output from \fBnpm ls\fR. .SS "Example" .SS "Workspaces support" .P It's possible to filter the results to only include a single workspace and its dependencies using the \fB\fBworkspace\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#workspace\(ra\fR option. .SS "Example:" .P Here's an example running \fBnpm fund\fR in a project with a configured workspace \fBa\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm fund test-workspaces-fund@1.0.0 +-- https://example.com/a | | `-- a@1.0.0 | `-- https://example.com/maintainer | `-- foo@1.0.0 +-- https://example.com/npmcli-funding | `-- @npmcli/test-funding `-- https://example.com/org `-- bar@2.0.0 .fi .RE .P And here is an example of the expected result when filtering only by a specific workspace \fBa\fR in the same project: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm fund -w a test-workspaces-fund@1.0.0 `-- https://example.com/a | `-- a@1.0.0 `-- https://example.com/maintainer `-- foo@2.0.0 .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBbrowser\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: OS X: \fB"open"\fR, Windows: \fB"start"\fR, Others: \fB"xdg-open"\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: null, Boolean, or String .RE 0 .P The browser that is called by npm commands to open websites. .P Set to \fBfalse\fR to suppress browser behavior and instead print urls to terminal. .P Set to \fBtrue\fR to use default system URL opener. .SS "\fBunicode\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false on windows, true on mac/unix systems with a unicode locale, as defined by the \fBLC_ALL\fR, \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, or \fBLANG\fR environment variables. .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set to true, npm uses unicode characters in the tree output. When false, it uses ascii characters instead of unicode glyphs. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBwhich\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Number .RE 0 .P If there are multiple funding sources, which 1-indexed source URL to open. .SH "SEE ALSO" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help docs .IP \(bu 4 npm help ls .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help workspaces .RE 0 PK ! l( ( man1/npm-owner.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-OWNER" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-owner\fR - Manage package owners .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm owner add <user> <package-spec> npm owner rm <user> <package-spec> npm owner ls <package-spec> alias: author .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P Manage ownership of published packages. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 ls: List all the users who have access to modify a package and push new versions. Handy when you need to know who to bug for help. .IP \(bu 4 add: Add a new user as a maintainer of a package. This user is enabled to modify metadata, publish new versions, and add other owners. .IP \(bu 4 rm: Remove a user from the package owner list. This immediately revokes their privileges. .RE 0 .P Note that there is only one level of access. Either you can modify a package, or you can't. Future versions may contain more fine-grained access levels, but that is not implemented at this time. .P If you have two-factor authentication enabled with \fBauth-and-writes\fR (see npm help npm-profile) then you'll need to go through a second factor flow when changing ownership or include an otp on the command line with \fB--otp\fR. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBotp\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P This is a one-time password from a two-factor authenticator. It's needed when publishing or changing package permissions with \fBnpm access\fR. .P If not set, and a registry response fails with a challenge for a one-time password, npm will prompt on the command line for one. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help profile .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help adduser .RE 0 PK ! !@k��C �C man1/npm-audit.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-AUDIT" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-audit\fR - Run a security audit .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm audit \[lB]fix|signatures\[rB] .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P The audit command submits a description of the dependencies configured in your project to your default registry and asks for a report of known vulnerabilities. If any vulnerabilities are found, then the impact and appropriate remediation will be calculated. If the \fBfix\fR argument is provided, then remediations will be applied to the package tree. .P The command will exit with a 0 exit code if no vulnerabilities were found. .P Note that some vulnerabilities cannot be fixed automatically and will require manual intervention or review. Also note that since \fBnpm audit fix\fR runs a full-fledged \fBnpm install\fR under the hood, all configs that apply to the installer will also apply to \fBnpm install\fR -- so things like \fBnpm audit fix --package-lock-only\fR will work as expected. .P By default, the audit command will exit with a non-zero code if any vulnerability is found. It may be useful in CI environments to include the \fB--audit-level\fR parameter to specify the minimum vulnerability level that will cause the command to fail. This option does not filter the report output, it simply changes the command's failure threshold. .SS "Package lock" .P By default npm requires a package-lock or shrinkwrap in order to run the audit. You can bypass the package lock with \fB--no-package-lock\fR but be aware the results may be different with every run, since npm will re-build the dependency tree each time. .SS "Audit Signatures" .P To ensure the integrity of packages you download from the public npm registry, or any registry that supports signatures, you can verify the registry signatures of downloaded packages using the npm CLI. .P Registry signatures can be verified using the following \fBaudit\fR command: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm audit signatures .fi .RE .P The \fBaudit signatures\fR command will also verify the provenance attestations of downloaded packages. Because provenance attestations are such a new feature, security features may be added to (or changed in) the attestation format over time. To ensure that you're always able to verify attestation signatures check that you're running the latest version of the npm CLI. Please note this often means updating npm beyond the version that ships with Node.js. .P The npm CLI supports registry signatures and signing keys provided by any registry if the following conventions are followed: .RS 0 .IP 1. 4 Signatures are provided in the package's \fBpackument\fR in each published version within the \fBdist\fR object: .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf "dist":{ "..omitted..": "..omitted..", "signatures": \[lB]{ "keyid": "SHA256:{{SHA256_PUBLIC_KEY}}", "sig": "a312b9c3cb4a1b693e8ebac5ee1ca9cc01f2661c14391917dcb111517f72370809..." }\[rB] } .fi .RE .P See this \fBexample\fR \fI\(lahttps://registry.npmjs.org/light-cycle/1.4.3\(ra\fR of a signed package from the public npm registry. .P The \fBsig\fR is generated using the following template: \fB${package.name}@${package.version}:${package.dist.integrity}\fR and the \fBkeyid\fR has to match one of the public signing keys below. .RS 0 .IP 2. 4 Public signing keys are provided at \fBregistry-host.tld/-/npm/v1/keys\fR in the following format: .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf { "keys": \[lB]{ "expires": null, "keyid": "SHA256:{{SHA256_PUBLIC_KEY}}", "keytype": "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256", "scheme": "ecdsa-sha2-nistp256", "key": "{{B64_PUBLIC_KEY}}" }\[rB] } .fi .RE .P Keys response: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBexpires\fR: null or a simplified extended \fBISO 8601 format\fR \fI\(lahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601\(ra\fR: \fBYYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss.sssZ\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBkeydid\fR: sha256 fingerprint of the public key .IP \(bu 4 \fBkeytype\fR: only \fBecdsa-sha2-nistp256\fR is currently supported by the npm CLI .IP \(bu 4 \fBscheme\fR: only \fBecdsa-sha2-nistp256\fR is currently supported by the npm CLI .IP \(bu 4 \fBkey\fR: base64 encoded public key .RE 0 .P See this \fBexample key's response from the public npm registry\fR \fI\(lahttps://registry.npmjs.org/-/npm/v1/keys\(ra\fR. .SS "Audit Endpoints" .P There are two audit endpoints that npm may use to fetch vulnerability information: the \fBBulk Advisory\fR endpoint and the \fBQuick Audit\fR endpoint. .SS "Bulk Advisory Endpoint" .P As of version 7, npm uses the much faster \fBBulk Advisory\fR endpoint to optimize the speed of calculating audit results. .P npm will generate a JSON payload with the name and list of versions of each package in the tree, and POST it to the default configured registry at the path \fB/-/npm/v1/security/advisories/bulk\fR. .P Any packages in the tree that do not have a \fBversion\fR field in their package.json file will be ignored. If any \fB--omit\fR options are specified (either via the \fB\fB--omit\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#omit\(ra\fR, or one of the shorthands such as \fB--production\fR, \fB--only=dev\fR, and so on), then packages will be omitted from the submitted payload as appropriate. .P If the registry responds with an error, or with an invalid response, then npm will attempt to load advisory data from the \fBQuick Audit\fR endpoint. .P The expected result will contain a set of advisory objects for each dependency that matches the advisory range. Each advisory object contains a \fBname\fR, \fBurl\fR, \fBid\fR, \fBseverity\fR, \fBvulnerable_versions\fR, and \fBtitle\fR. .P npm then uses these advisory objects to calculate vulnerabilities and meta-vulnerabilities of the dependencies within the tree. .SS "Quick Audit Endpoint" .P If the \fBBulk Advisory\fR endpoint returns an error, or invalid data, npm will attempt to load advisory data from the \fBQuick Audit\fR endpoint, which is considerably slower in most cases. .P The full package tree as found in \fBpackage-lock.json\fR is submitted, along with the following pieces of additional metadata: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm_version\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnode_version\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBplatform\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBarch\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnode_env\fR .RE 0 .P All packages in the tree are submitted to the Quick Audit endpoint. Omitted dependency types are skipped when generating the report. .SS "Scrubbing" .P Out of an abundance of caution, npm versions 5 and 6 would "scrub" any packages from the submitted report if their name contained a \fB/\fR character, so as to avoid leaking the names of potentially private packages or git URLs. .P However, in practice, this resulted in audits often failing to properly detect meta-vulnerabilities, because the tree would appear to be invalid due to missing dependencies, and prevented the detection of vulnerabilities in package trees that used git dependencies or private modules. .P This scrubbing has been removed from npm as of version 7. .SS "Calculating Meta-Vulnerabilities and Remediations" .P npm uses the \fB\fB@npmcli/metavuln-calculator\fR\fR \fI\(lahttp://npm.im/@npmcli/metavuln-calculator\(ra\fR module to turn a set of security advisories into a set of "vulnerability" objects. A "meta-vulnerability" is a dependency that is vulnerable by virtue of dependence on vulnerable versions of a vulnerable package. .P For example, if the package \fBfoo\fR is vulnerable in the range \fB>=1.0.2 <2.0.0\fR, and the package \fBbar\fR depends on \fBfoo@^1.1.0\fR, then that version of \fBbar\fR can only be installed by installing a vulnerable version of \fBfoo\fR. In this case, \fBbar\fR is a "metavulnerability". .P Once metavulnerabilities for a given package are calculated, they are cached in the \fB~/.npm\fR folder and only re-evaluated if the advisory range changes, or a new version of the package is published (in which case, the new version is checked for metavulnerable status as well). .P If the chain of metavulnerabilities extends all the way to the root project, and it cannot be updated without changing its dependency ranges, then \fBnpm audit fix\fR will require the \fB--force\fR option to apply the remediation. If remediations do not require changes to the dependency ranges, then all vulnerable packages will be updated to a version that does not have an advisory or metavulnerability posted against it. .SS "Exit Code" .P The \fBnpm audit\fR command will exit with a 0 exit code if no vulnerabilities were found. The \fBnpm audit fix\fR command will exit with 0 exit code if no vulnerabilities are found \fIor\fR if the remediation is able to successfully fix all vulnerabilities. .P If vulnerabilities were found the exit code will depend on the \fB\fBaudit-level\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#audit-level\(ra\fR. .SS "Examples" .P Scan your project for vulnerabilities and automatically install any compatible updates to vulnerable dependencies: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm audit fix .fi .RE .P Run \fBaudit fix\fR without modifying \fBnode_modules\fR, but still updating the pkglock: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm audit fix --package-lock-only .fi .RE .P Skip updating \fBdevDependencies\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm audit fix --only=prod .fi .RE .P Have \fBaudit fix\fR install SemVer-major updates to toplevel dependencies, not just SemVer-compatible ones: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm audit fix --force .fi .RE .P Do a dry run to get an idea of what \fBaudit fix\fR will do, and \fIalso\fR output install information in JSON format: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm audit fix --dry-run --json .fi .RE .P Scan your project for vulnerabilities and just show the details, without fixing anything: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm audit .fi .RE .P Get the detailed audit report in JSON format: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm audit --json .fi .RE .P Fail an audit only if the results include a vulnerability with a level of moderate or higher: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm audit --audit-level=moderate .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBaudit-level\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null, "info", "low", "moderate", "high", "critical", or "none" .RE 0 .P The minimum level of vulnerability for \fBnpm audit\fR to exit with a non-zero exit code. .SS "\fBdry-run\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBdedupe\fR, \fBuninstall\fR, as well as \fBpack\fR and \fBpublish\fR. .P Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist-tags\fR, \fBowner\fR, etc. .SS "\fBforce\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Removes various protections against unfortunate side effects, common mistakes, unnecessary performance degradation, and malicious input. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Allow clobbering non-npm files in global installs. .IP \(bu 4 Allow the \fBnpm version\fR command to work on an unclean git repository. .IP \(bu 4 Allow deleting the cache folder with \fBnpm cache clean\fR. .IP \(bu 4 Allow installing packages that have an \fBengines\fR declaration requiring a different version of npm. .IP \(bu 4 Allow installing packages that have an \fBengines\fR declaration requiring a different version of \fBnode\fR, even if \fB--engine-strict\fR is enabled. .IP \(bu 4 Allow \fBnpm audit fix\fR to install modules outside your stated dependency range (including SemVer-major changes). .IP \(bu 4 Allow unpublishing all versions of a published package. .IP \(bu 4 Allow conflicting peerDependencies to be installed in the root project. .IP \(bu 4 Implicitly set \fB--yes\fR during \fBnpm init\fR. .IP \(bu 4 Allow clobbering existing values in \fBnpm pkg\fR .IP \(bu 4 Allow unpublishing of entire packages (not just a single version). .RE 0 .P If you don't have a clear idea of what you want to do, it is strongly recommended that you do not use this option! .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBpackage-lock-only\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, the current operation will only use the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, ignoring \fBnode_modules\fR. .P For \fBupdate\fR this means only the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR will be updated, instead of checking \fBnode_modules\fR and downloading dependencies. .P For \fBlist\fR this means the output will be based on the tree described by the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, rather than the contents of \fBnode_modules\fR. .SS "\fBpackage-lock\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to false, then ignore \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files when installing. This will also prevent \fIwriting\fR \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if \fBsave\fR is true. .SS "\fBomit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty. .IP \(bu 4 Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk. .P Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. They are just not physically installed on disk. .P If a package type appears in both the \fB--include\fR and \fB--omit\fR lists, then it will be included. .P If the resulting omit list includes \fB'dev'\fR, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable will be set to \fB'production'\fR for all lifecycle scripts. .SS "\fBinclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: "prod", "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install. .P This is the inverse of \fB--omit=<type>\fR. .P Dependency types specified in \fB--include\fR will not be omitted, regardless of the order in which omit/include are specified on the command-line. .SS "\fBforeground-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBfalse\fR unless when using \fBnpm pack\fR or \fBnpm publish\fR where it defaults to \fBtrue\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Run all build scripts (ie, \fBpreinstall\fR, \fBinstall\fR, and \fBpostinstall\fR) scripts for installed packages in the foreground process, sharing standard input, output, and error with the main npm process. .P Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier, but can be useful for debugging. .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .RE 0 PK ! �* * man1/npm-prefix.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-PREFIX" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-prefix\fR - Display prefix .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm prefix \[lB]-g\[rB] .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Print the local prefix to standard output. This is the closest parent directory to contain a \fBpackage.json\fR file or \fBnode_modules\fR directory, unless \fB-g\fR is also specified. .P If \fB-g\fR is specified, this will be the value of the global prefix. See npm help config for more detail. .SS "Example" .P .RS 2 .nf npm prefix /usr/local/projects/foo .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf npm prefix -g /usr/local .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help root .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .RE 0 PK ! �MwS man1/npm-org.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-ORG" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-org\fR - Manage orgs .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm org set orgname username \[lB]developer | admin | owner\[rB] npm org rm orgname username npm org ls orgname \[lB]<username>\[rB] alias: ogr .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Example" .P Add a new developer to an org: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm org set my-org @mx-smith .fi .RE .P Add a new admin to an org (or change a developer to an admin): .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm org set my-org @mx-santos admin .fi .RE .P Remove a user from an org: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm org rm my-org mx-santos .fi .RE .P List all users in an org: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm org ls my-org .fi .RE .P List all users in JSON format: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm org ls my-org --json .fi .RE .P See what role a user has in an org: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm org ls my-org @mx-santos .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P You can use the \fBnpm org\fR commands to manage and view users of an organization. It supports adding and removing users, changing their roles, listing them, and finding specific ones and their roles. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBotp\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P This is a one-time password from a two-factor authenticator. It's needed when publishing or changing package permissions with \fBnpm access\fR. .P If not set, and a registry response fails with a challenge for a one-time password, npm will prompt on the command line for one. .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBparseable\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Output parseable results from commands that write to standard output. For \fBnpm search\fR, this will be tab-separated table format. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "using orgs" .IP \(bu 4 \fBDocumentation on npm Orgs\fR \fI\(lahttps://docs.npmjs.com/orgs/\(ra\fR .RE 0 PK ! N� �% % man1/npm-rebuild.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-REBUILD" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-rebuild\fR - Rebuild a package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm rebuild \[lB]<package-spec>\[rB] ...\[rB] alias: rb .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command does the following: .RS 0 .IP 1. 4 Execute lifecycle scripts (\fBpreinstall\fR, \fBinstall\fR, \fBpostinstall\fR, \fBprepare\fR) .IP 2. 4 Links bins depending on whether bin links are enabled .RE 0 .P This command is particularly useful in scenarios including but not limited to: .RS 0 .IP 1. 4 Installing a new version of \fBnode.js\fR, where you need to recompile all your C++ add-ons with the updated binary. .IP 2. 4 Installing with \fB--ignore-scripts\fR and \fB--no-bin-links\fR, to explicitly choose which packages to build and/or link bins. .RE 0 .P If one or more package specs are provided, then only packages with a name and version matching one of the specifiers will be rebuilt. .P Usually, you should not need to run \fBnpm rebuild\fR as it is already done for you as part of npm install (unless you suppressed these steps with \fB--ignore-scripts\fR or \fB--no-bin-links\fR). .P If there is a \fBbinding.gyp\fR file in the root of your package, then npm will use a default install hook: .P .RS 2 .nf "scripts": { "install": "node-gyp rebuild" } .fi .RE .P This default behavior is suppressed if the \fBpackage.json\fR has its own \fBinstall\fR or \fBpreinstall\fR scripts. It is also suppressed if the package specifies \fB"gypfile": false\fR .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBbin-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Tells npm to create symlinks (or \fB.cmd\fR shims on Windows) for package executables. .P Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix systems. .SS "\fBforeground-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBfalse\fR unless when using \fBnpm pack\fR or \fBnpm publish\fR where it defaults to \fBtrue\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Run all build scripts (ie, \fBpreinstall\fR, \fBinstall\fR, and \fBpostinstall\fR) scripts for installed packages in the foreground process, sharing standard input, output, and error with the main npm process. .P Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier, but can be useful for debugging. .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .RE 0 PK ! ��n*L L man1/npm-repo.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-REPO" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-repo\fR - Open package repository page in the browser .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm repo \[lB]<pkgname> \[lB]<pkgname> ...\[rB]\[rB] .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command tries to guess at the likely location of a package's repository URL, and then tries to open it using the \fB\fB--browser\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#browser\(ra\fR param. If no package name is provided, it will search for a \fBpackage.json\fR in the current folder and use the \fBrepository\fR property. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBbrowser\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: OS X: \fB"open"\fR, Windows: \fB"start"\fR, Others: \fB"xdg-open"\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: null, Boolean, or String .RE 0 .P The browser that is called by npm commands to open websites. .P Set to \fBfalse\fR to suppress browser behavior and instead print urls to terminal. .P Set to \fBtrue\fR to use default system URL opener. .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help docs .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .RE 0 PK ! � �h h man1/npm-help-search.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-HELP-SEARCH" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-help-search\fR - Search npm help documentation .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm help-search <text> .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P This command will search the npm markdown documentation files for the terms provided, and then list the results, sorted by relevance. .P If only one result is found, then it will show that help topic. .P If the argument to \fBnpm help\fR is not a known help topic, then it will call \fBhelp-search\fR. It is rarely if ever necessary to call this command directly. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBlong\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Show extended information in \fBls\fR, \fBsearch\fR, and \fBhelp-search\fR. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help npm .IP \(bu 4 npm help help .RE 0 PK ! ,��n n man1/npm-whoami.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-WHOAMI" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-whoami\fR - Display npm username .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm whoami .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Display the npm username of the currently logged-in user. .P If logged into a registry that provides token-based authentication, then connect to the \fB/-/whoami\fR registry endpoint to find the username associated with the token, and print to standard output. .P If logged into a registry that uses Basic Auth, then simply print the \fBusername\fR portion of the authentication string. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help adduser .RE 0 PK ! ǏǮi i man1/npm-deprecate.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-DEPRECATE" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-deprecate\fR - Deprecate a version of a package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm deprecate <package-spec> <message> .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P This command will update the npm registry entry for a package, providing a deprecation warning to all who attempt to install it. .P It works on \fBversion ranges\fR \fI\(lahttps://semver.npmjs.com/\(ra\fR as well as specific versions, so you can do something like this: .P .RS 2 .nf npm deprecate my-thing@"< 0.2.3" "critical bug fixed in v0.2.3" .fi .RE .P SemVer ranges passed to this command are interpreted such that they \fIdo\fR include prerelease versions. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm deprecate my-thing@1.x "1.x is no longer supported" .fi .RE .P In this case, a version \fBmy-thing@1.0.0-beta.0\fR will also be deprecated. .P You must be the package owner to deprecate something. See the \fBowner\fR and \fBadduser\fR help topics. .P To un-deprecate a package, specify an empty string (\fB""\fR) for the \fBmessage\fR argument. Note that you must use double quotes with no space between them to format an empty string. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBotp\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P This is a one-time password from a two-factor authenticator. It's needed when publishing or changing package permissions with \fBnpm access\fR. .P If not set, and a registry response fails with a challenge for a one-time password, npm will prompt on the command line for one. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help owner .IP \(bu 4 npm help adduser .RE 0 PK ! Rl � man1/npx.1nu �[��� .TH "NPX" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpx\fR - Run a command from a local or remote npm package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npx -- <pkg>\[lB]@<version>\[rB] \[lB]args...\[rB] npx --package=<pkg>\[lB]@<version>\[rB] -- <cmd> \[lB]args...\[rB] npx -c '<cmd> \[lB]args...\[rB]' npx --package=foo -c '<cmd> \[lB]args...\[rB]' .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command allows you to run an arbitrary command from an npm package (either one installed locally, or fetched remotely), in a similar context as running it via \fBnpm run\fR. .P Whatever packages are specified by the \fB--package\fR option will be provided in the \fBPATH\fR of the executed command, along with any locally installed package executables. The \fB--package\fR option may be specified multiple times, to execute the supplied command in an environment where all specified packages are available. .P If any requested packages are not present in the local project dependencies, then they are installed to a folder in the npm cache, which is added to the \fBPATH\fR environment variable in the executed process. A prompt is printed (which can be suppressed by providing either \fB--yes\fR or \fB--no\fR). .P Package names provided without a specifier will be matched with whatever version exists in the local project. Package names with a specifier will only be considered a match if they have the exact same name and version as the local dependency. .P If no \fB-c\fR or \fB--call\fR option is provided, then the positional arguments are used to generate the command string. If no \fB--package\fR options are provided, then npm will attempt to determine the executable name from the package specifier provided as the first positional argument according to the following heuristic: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 If the package has a single entry in its \fBbin\fR field in \fBpackage.json\fR, or if all entries are aliases of the same command, then that command will be used. .IP \(bu 4 If the package has multiple \fBbin\fR entries, and one of them matches the unscoped portion of the \fBname\fR field, then that command will be used. .IP \(bu 4 If this does not result in exactly one option (either because there are no bin entries, or none of them match the \fBname\fR of the package), then \fBnpm exec\fR exits with an error. .RE 0 .P To run a binary \fIother than\fR the named binary, specify one or more \fB--package\fR options, which will prevent npm from inferring the package from the first command argument. .SS "\fBnpx\fR vs \fBnpm exec\fR" .P When run via the \fBnpx\fR binary, all flags and options \fImust\fR be set prior to any positional arguments. When run via \fBnpm exec\fR, a double-hyphen \fB--\fR flag can be used to suppress npm's parsing of switches and options that should be sent to the executed command. .P For example: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npx foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo .fi .RE .P In this case, npm will resolve the \fBfoo\fR package name, and run the following command: .P .RS 2 .nf $ foo bar --package=@npmcli/foo .fi .RE .P Since the \fB--package\fR option comes \fIafter\fR the positional arguments, it is treated as an argument to the executed command. .P In contrast, due to npm's argument parsing logic, running this command is different: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm exec foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo .fi .RE .P In this case, npm will parse the \fB--package\fR option first, resolving the \fB@npmcli/foo\fR package. Then, it will execute the following command in that context: .P .RS 2 .nf $ foo@latest bar .fi .RE .P The double-hyphen character is recommended to explicitly tell npm to stop parsing command line options and switches. The following command would thus be equivalent to the \fBnpx\fR command above: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm exec -- foo@latest bar --package=@npmcli/foo .fi .RE .SS "Examples" .P Run the version of \fBtap\fR in the local dependencies, with the provided arguments: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm exec -- tap --bail test/foo.js $ npx tap --bail test/foo.js .fi .RE .P Run a command \fIother than\fR the command whose name matches the package name by specifying a \fB--package\fR option: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm exec --package=foo -- bar --bar-argument # ~ or ~ $ npx --package=foo bar --bar-argument .fi .RE .P Run an arbitrary shell script, in the context of the current project: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm x -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"' $ npx -c 'eslint && say "hooray, lint passed"' .fi .RE .SS "Compatibility with Older npx Versions" .P The \fBnpx\fR binary was rewritten in npm v7.0.0, and the standalone \fBnpx\fR package deprecated at that time. \fBnpx\fR uses the \fBnpm exec\fR command instead of a separate argument parser and install process, with some affordances to maintain backwards compatibility with the arguments it accepted in previous versions. .P This resulted in some shifts in its functionality: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Any \fBnpm\fR config value may be provided. .IP \(bu 4 To prevent security and user-experience problems from mistyping package names, \fBnpx\fR prompts before installing anything. Suppress this prompt with the \fB-y\fR or \fB--yes\fR option. .IP \(bu 4 The \fB--no-install\fR option is deprecated, and will be converted to \fB--no\fR. .IP \(bu 4 Shell fallback functionality is removed, as it is not advisable. .IP \(bu 4 The \fB-p\fR argument is a shorthand for \fB--parseable\fR in npm, but shorthand for \fB--package\fR in npx. This is maintained, but only for the \fBnpx\fR executable. .IP \(bu 4 The \fB--ignore-existing\fR option is removed. Locally installed bins are always present in the executed process \fBPATH\fR. .IP \(bu 4 The \fB--npm\fR option is removed. \fBnpx\fR will always use the \fBnpm\fR it ships with. .IP \(bu 4 The \fB--node-arg\fR and \fB-n\fR options have been removed. Use \fB\fBNODE_OPTIONS\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://nodejs.org/api/cli.html#node_optionsoptions\(ra\fR instead: e.g., \fBNODE_OPTIONS="--trace-warnings --trace-exit" npx foo --random=true\fR .IP \(bu 4 The \fB--always-spawn\fR option is redundant, and thus removed. .IP \(bu 4 The \fB--shell\fR option is replaced with \fB--script-shell\fR, but maintained in the \fBnpx\fR executable for backwards compatibility. .RE 0 .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help run-script .IP \(bu 4 npm help scripts .IP \(bu 4 npm help test .IP \(bu 4 npm help start .IP \(bu 4 npm help restart .IP \(bu 4 npm help stop .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help exec .RE 0 PK ! �wL�8 8 man1/npm-bugs.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-BUGS" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-bugs\fR - Report bugs for a package in a web browser .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm bugs \[lB]<pkgname> \[lB]<pkgname> ...\[rB]\[rB] alias: issues .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command tries to guess at the likely location of a package's bug tracker URL or the \fBmailto\fR URL of the support email, and then tries to open it using the \fB\fB--browser\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#browser\(ra\fR param. If no package name is provided, it will search for a \fBpackage.json\fR in the current folder and use the \fBname\fR property. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBbrowser\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: OS X: \fB"open"\fR, Windows: \fB"start"\fR, Others: \fB"xdg-open"\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: null, Boolean, or String .RE 0 .P The browser that is called by npm commands to open websites. .P Set to \fBfalse\fR to suppress browser behavior and instead print urls to terminal. .P Set to \fBtrue\fR to use default system URL opener. .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help docs .IP \(bu 4 npm help view .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .RE 0 PK ! �7�+ �+ man1/npm-install-test.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-INSTALL-TEST" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-install-test\fR - Install package(s) and run tests .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm install-test \[lB]<package-spec> ...\[rB] alias: it .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command runs an \fBnpm install\fR followed immediately by an \fBnpm test\fR. It takes exactly the same arguments as \fBnpm install\fR. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBsave\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBtrue\fR unless when using \fBnpm update\fR where it defaults to \fBfalse\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Save installed packages to a \fBpackage.json\fR file as dependencies. .P When used with the \fBnpm rm\fR command, removes the dependency from \fBpackage.json\fR. .P Will also prevent writing to \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if set to \fBfalse\fR. .SS "\fBsave-exact\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Dependencies saved to package.json will be configured with an exact version rather than using npm's default semver range operator. .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBinstall-strategy\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "hoisted" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "hoisted", "nested", "shallow", or "linked" .RE 0 .P Sets the strategy for installing packages in node_modules. hoisted (default): Install non-duplicated in top-level, and duplicated as necessary within directory structure. nested: (formerly --legacy-bundling) install in place, no hoisting. shallow (formerly --global-style) only install direct deps at top-level. linked: (experimental) install in node_modules/.store, link in place, unhoisted. .SS "\fBlegacy-bundling\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR .RE 0 .P Instead of hoisting package installs in \fBnode_modules\fR, install packages in the same manner that they are depended on. This may cause very deep directory structures and duplicate package installs as there is no de-duplicating. Sets \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR. .SS "\fBglobal-style\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR .RE 0 .P Only install direct dependencies in the top level \fBnode_modules\fR, but hoist on deeper dependencies. Sets \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR. .SS "\fBomit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty. .IP \(bu 4 Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk. .P Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. They are just not physically installed on disk. .P If a package type appears in both the \fB--include\fR and \fB--omit\fR lists, then it will be included. .P If the resulting omit list includes \fB'dev'\fR, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable will be set to \fB'production'\fR for all lifecycle scripts. .SS "\fBinclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: "prod", "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install. .P This is the inverse of \fB--omit=<type>\fR. .P Dependency types specified in \fB--include\fR will not be omitted, regardless of the order in which omit/include are specified on the command-line. .SS "\fBstrict-peer-deps\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to \fBtrue\fR, and \fB--legacy-peer-deps\fR is not set, then \fIany\fR conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR will be treated as an install failure, even if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on non-peer dependency relationships. .P By default, conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR deep in the dependency graph will be resolved using the nearest non-peer dependency specification, even if doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency outside the range set in their package's \fBpeerDependencies\fR object. .P When such an override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the conflict and the packages involved. If \fB--strict-peer-deps\fR is set, then this warning is treated as a failure. .SS "\fBprefer-dedupe\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Prefer to deduplicate packages if possible, rather than choosing a newer version of a dependency. .SS "\fBpackage-lock\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to false, then ignore \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files when installing. This will also prevent \fIwriting\fR \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if \fBsave\fR is true. .SS "\fBpackage-lock-only\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, the current operation will only use the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, ignoring \fBnode_modules\fR. .P For \fBupdate\fR this means only the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR will be updated, instead of checking \fBnode_modules\fR and downloading dependencies. .P For \fBlist\fR this means the output will be based on the tree described by the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, rather than the contents of \fBnode_modules\fR. .SS "\fBforeground-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBfalse\fR unless when using \fBnpm pack\fR or \fBnpm publish\fR where it defaults to \fBtrue\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Run all build scripts (ie, \fBpreinstall\fR, \fBinstall\fR, and \fBpostinstall\fR) scripts for installed packages in the foreground process, sharing standard input, output, and error with the main npm process. .P Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier, but can be useful for debugging. .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBaudit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the default registry and all registries configured for scopes. See the documentation for npm help audit for details on what is submitted. .SS "\fBbin-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Tells npm to create symlinks (or \fB.cmd\fR shims on Windows) for package executables. .P Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix systems. .SS "\fBfund\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" displays the message at the end of each \fBnpm install\fR acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding. See npm help fund for details. .SS "\fBdry-run\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBdedupe\fR, \fBuninstall\fR, as well as \fBpack\fR and \fBpublish\fR. .P Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist-tags\fR, \fBowner\fR, etc. .SS "\fBcpu\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P Override CPU architecture of native modules to install. Acceptable values are same as \fBcpu\fR field of package.json, which comes from \fBprocess.arch\fR. .SS "\fBos\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P Override OS of native modules to install. Acceptable values are same as \fBos\fR field of package.json, which comes from \fBprocess.platform\fR. .SS "\fBlibc\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P Override libc of native modules to install. Acceptable values are same as \fBlibc\fR field of package.json .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help install-ci-test .IP \(bu 4 npm help test .RE 0 PK ! ��3� man1/npm-stars.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-STARS" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-stars\fR - View packages marked as favorites .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm stars \[lB]<user>\[rB] .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P If you have starred a lot of neat things and want to find them again quickly this command lets you do just that. .P You may also want to see your friend's favorite packages, in this case you will most certainly enjoy this command. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help star .IP \(bu 4 npm help unstar .IP \(bu 4 npm help view .IP \(bu 4 npm help whoami .IP \(bu 4 npm help adduser .RE 0 PK ! �N�2 �2 man1/npm-link.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-LINK" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-link\fR - Symlink a package folder .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm link \[lB]<package-spec>\[rB] alias: ln .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This is handy for installing your own stuff, so that you can work on it and test iteratively without having to continually rebuild. .P Package linking is a two-step process. .P First, \fBnpm link\fR in a package folder with no arguments will create a symlink in the global folder \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules/<package>\fR that links to the package where the \fBnpm link\fR command was executed. It will also link any bins in the package to \fB{prefix}/bin/{name}\fR. Note that \fBnpm link\fR uses the global prefix (see \fBnpm prefix -g\fR for its value). .P Next, in some other location, \fBnpm link package-name\fR will create a symbolic link from globally-installed \fBpackage-name\fR to \fBnode_modules/\fR of the current folder. .P Note that \fBpackage-name\fR is taken from \fBpackage.json\fR, \fInot\fR from the directory name. .P The package name can be optionally prefixed with a scope. See npm help scope. The scope must be preceded by an @-symbol and followed by a slash. .P When creating tarballs for \fBnpm publish\fR, the linked packages are "snapshotted" to their current state by resolving the symbolic links, if they are included in \fBbundleDependencies\fR. .P For example: .P .RS 2 .nf cd ~/projects/node-redis # go into the package directory npm link # creates global link cd ~/projects/node-bloggy # go into some other package directory. npm link redis # link-install the package .fi .RE .P Now, any changes to \fB~/projects/node-redis\fR will be reflected in \fB~/projects/node-bloggy/node_modules/node-redis/\fR. Note that the link should be to the package name, not the directory name for that package. .P You may also shortcut the two steps in one. For example, to do the above use-case in a shorter way: .P .RS 2 .nf cd ~/projects/node-bloggy # go into the dir of your main project npm link ../node-redis # link the dir of your dependency .fi .RE .P The second line is the equivalent of doing: .P .RS 2 .nf (cd ../node-redis; npm link) npm link redis .fi .RE .P That is, it first creates a global link, and then links the global installation target into your project's \fBnode_modules\fR folder. .P Note that in this case, you are referring to the directory name, \fBnode-redis\fR, rather than the package name \fBredis\fR. .P If your linked package is scoped (see npm help scope) your link command must include that scope, e.g. .P .RS 2 .nf npm link @myorg/privatepackage .fi .RE .SS "Caveat" .P Note that package dependencies linked in this way are \fInot\fR saved to \fBpackage.json\fR by default, on the assumption that the intention is to have a link stand in for a regular non-link dependency. Otherwise, for example, if you depend on \fBredis@^3.0.1\fR, and ran \fBnpm link redis\fR, it would replace the \fB^3.0.1\fR dependency with \fBfile:../path/to/node-redis\fR, which you probably don't want! Additionally, other users or developers on your project would run into issues if they do not have their folders set up exactly the same as yours. .P If you are adding a \fInew\fR dependency as a link, you should add it to the relevant metadata by running \fBnpm install <dep> --package-lock-only\fR. .P If you \fIwant\fR to save the \fBfile:\fR reference in your \fBpackage.json\fR and \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files, you can use \fBnpm link <dep> --save\fR to do so. .SS "Workspace Usage" .P \fBnpm link <pkg> --workspace <name>\fR will link the relevant package as a dependency of the specified workspace(s). Note that It may actually be linked into the parent project's \fBnode_modules\fR folder, if there are no conflicting dependencies. .P \fBnpm link --workspace <name>\fR will create a global link to the specified workspace(s). .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBsave\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBtrue\fR unless when using \fBnpm update\fR where it defaults to \fBfalse\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Save installed packages to a \fBpackage.json\fR file as dependencies. .P When used with the \fBnpm rm\fR command, removes the dependency from \fBpackage.json\fR. .P Will also prevent writing to \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if set to \fBfalse\fR. .SS "\fBsave-exact\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Dependencies saved to package.json will be configured with an exact version rather than using npm's default semver range operator. .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBinstall-strategy\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "hoisted" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "hoisted", "nested", "shallow", or "linked" .RE 0 .P Sets the strategy for installing packages in node_modules. hoisted (default): Install non-duplicated in top-level, and duplicated as necessary within directory structure. nested: (formerly --legacy-bundling) install in place, no hoisting. shallow (formerly --global-style) only install direct deps at top-level. linked: (experimental) install in node_modules/.store, link in place, unhoisted. .SS "\fBlegacy-bundling\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR .RE 0 .P Instead of hoisting package installs in \fBnode_modules\fR, install packages in the same manner that they are depended on. This may cause very deep directory structures and duplicate package installs as there is no de-duplicating. Sets \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR. .SS "\fBglobal-style\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR .RE 0 .P Only install direct dependencies in the top level \fBnode_modules\fR, but hoist on deeper dependencies. Sets \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR. .SS "\fBstrict-peer-deps\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to \fBtrue\fR, and \fB--legacy-peer-deps\fR is not set, then \fIany\fR conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR will be treated as an install failure, even if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on non-peer dependency relationships. .P By default, conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR deep in the dependency graph will be resolved using the nearest non-peer dependency specification, even if doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency outside the range set in their package's \fBpeerDependencies\fR object. .P When such an override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the conflict and the packages involved. If \fB--strict-peer-deps\fR is set, then this warning is treated as a failure. .SS "\fBpackage-lock\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to false, then ignore \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files when installing. This will also prevent \fIwriting\fR \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if \fBsave\fR is true. .SS "\fBomit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty. .IP \(bu 4 Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk. .P Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. They are just not physically installed on disk. .P If a package type appears in both the \fB--include\fR and \fB--omit\fR lists, then it will be included. .P If the resulting omit list includes \fB'dev'\fR, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable will be set to \fB'production'\fR for all lifecycle scripts. .SS "\fBinclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: "prod", "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install. .P This is the inverse of \fB--omit=<type>\fR. .P Dependency types specified in \fB--include\fR will not be omitted, regardless of the order in which omit/include are specified on the command-line. .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBaudit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the default registry and all registries configured for scopes. See the documentation for npm help audit for details on what is submitted. .SS "\fBbin-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Tells npm to create symlinks (or \fB.cmd\fR shims on Windows) for package executables. .P Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix systems. .SS "\fBfund\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" displays the message at the end of each \fBnpm install\fR acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding. See npm help fund for details. .SS "\fBdry-run\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBdedupe\fR, \fBuninstall\fR, as well as \fBpack\fR and \fBpublish\fR. .P Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist-tags\fR, \fBowner\fR, etc. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help developers .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .RE 0 PK ! �N8�0& 0& man1/npm-diff.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-DIFF" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-diff\fR - The registry diff command .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm diff \[lB]...<paths>\[rB] .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P Similar to its \fBgit diff\fR counterpart, this command will print diff patches of files for packages published to the npm registry. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm diff --diff=<spec-a> --diff=<spec-b>\fR .P Compares two package versions using their registry specifiers, e.g: \fBnpm diff --diff=pkg@1.0.0 --diff=pkg@^2.0.0\fR. It's also possible to compare across forks of any package, e.g: \fBnpm diff --diff=pkg@1.0.0 --diff=pkg-fork@1.0.0\fR. .P Any valid spec can be used, so that it's also possible to compare directories or git repositories, e.g: \fBnpm diff --diff=pkg@latest --diff=./packages/pkg\fR .P Here's an example comparing two different versions of a package named \fBabbrev\fR from the registry: .P .RS 2 .nf npm diff --diff=abbrev@1.1.0 --diff=abbrev@1.1.1 .fi .RE .P On success, output looks like: .P .RS 2 .nf diff --git a/package.json b/package.json index v1.1.0..v1.1.1 100644 --- a/package.json +++ b/package.json @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ { "name": "abbrev", - "version": "1.1.0", + "version": "1.1.1", "description": "Like ruby's abbrev module, but in js", "author": "Isaac Z. Schlueter <i@izs.me>", "main": "abbrev.js", .fi .RE .P Given the flexible nature of npm specs, you can also target local directories or git repos just like when using \fBnpm install\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf npm diff --diff=https://github.com/npm/libnpmdiff --diff=./local-path .fi .RE .P In the example above we can compare the contents from the package installed from the git repo at \fBgithub.com/npm/libnpmdiff\fR with the contents of the \fB./local-path\fR that contains a valid package, such as a modified copy of the original. .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm diff\fR (in a package directory, no arguments): .P If the package is published to the registry, \fBnpm diff\fR will fetch the tarball version tagged as \fBlatest\fR (this value can be configured using the \fBtag\fR option) and proceed to compare the contents of files present in that tarball, with the current files in your local file system. .P This workflow provides a handy way for package authors to see what package-tracked files have been changed in comparison with the latest published version of that package. .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm diff --diff=<pkg-name>\fR (in a package directory): .P When using a single package name (with no version or tag specifier) as an argument, \fBnpm diff\fR will work in a similar way to \fB\fBnpm-outdated\fR\fR \fI\(lanpm-outdated\(ra\fR and reach for the registry to figure out what current published version of the package named \fB<pkg-name>\fR will satisfy its dependent declared semver-range. Once that specific version is known \fBnpm diff\fR will print diff patches comparing the current version of \fB<pkg-name>\fR found in the local file system with that specific version returned by the registry. .P Given a package named \fBabbrev\fR that is currently installed: .P .RS 2 .nf npm diff --diff=abbrev .fi .RE .P That will request from the registry its most up to date version and will print a diff output comparing the currently installed version to this newer one if the version numbers are not the same. .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm diff --diff=<spec-a>\fR (in a package directory): .P Similar to using only a single package name, it's also possible to declare a full registry specifier version if you wish to compare the local version of an installed package with the specific version/tag/semver-range provided in \fB<spec-a>\fR. .P An example: assuming \fBpkg@1.0.0\fR is installed in the current \fBnode_modules\fR folder, running: .P .RS 2 .nf npm diff --diff=pkg@2.0.0 .fi .RE .P It will effectively be an alias to \fBnpm diff --diff=pkg@1.0.0 --diff=pkg@2.0.0\fR. .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm diff --diff=<semver-a> \[lB]--diff=<semver-b>\[rB]\fR (in a package directory): .P Using \fBnpm diff\fR along with semver-valid version numbers is a shorthand to compare different versions of the current package. .P It needs to be run from a package directory, such that for a package named \fBpkg\fR running \fBnpm diff --diff=1.0.0 --diff=1.0.1\fR is the same as running \fBnpm diff --diff=pkg@1.0.0 --diff=pkg@1.0.1\fR. .P If only a single argument \fB<version-a>\fR is provided, then the current local file system is going to be compared against that version. .P Here's an example comparing two specific versions (published to the configured registry) of the current project directory: .P .RS 2 .nf npm diff --diff=1.0.0 --diff=1.1.0 .fi .RE .RE 0 .P Note that tag names are not valid \fB--diff\fR argument values, if you wish to compare to a published tag, you must use the \fBpkg@tagname\fR syntax. .SS "Filtering files" .P It's possible to also specify positional arguments using file names or globs pattern matching in order to limit the result of diff patches to only a subset of files for a given package, e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf npm diff --diff=pkg@2 ./lib/ CHANGELOG.md .fi .RE .P In the example above the diff output is only going to print contents of files located within the folder \fB./lib/\fR and changed lines of code within the \fBCHANGELOG.md\fR file. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBdiff\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Define arguments to compare in \fBnpm diff\fR. .SS "\fBdiff-name-only\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Prints only filenames when using \fBnpm diff\fR. .SS "\fBdiff-unified\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 3 .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .RE 0 .P The number of lines of context to print in \fBnpm diff\fR. .SS "\fBdiff-ignore-all-space\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Ignore whitespace when comparing lines in \fBnpm diff\fR. .SS "\fBdiff-no-prefix\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Do not show any source or destination prefix in \fBnpm diff\fR output. .P Note: this causes \fBnpm diff\fR to ignore the \fB--diff-src-prefix\fR and \fB--diff-dst-prefix\fR configs. .SS "\fBdiff-src-prefix\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "a/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Source prefix to be used in \fBnpm diff\fR output. .SS "\fBdiff-dst-prefix\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "b/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Destination prefix to be used in \fBnpm diff\fR output. .SS "\fBdiff-text\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Treat all files as text in \fBnpm diff\fR. .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBtag\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "latest" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P If you ask npm to install a package and don't tell it a specific version, then it will install the specified tag. .P It is the tag added to the package@version specified in the \fBnpm dist-tag add\fR command, if no explicit tag is given. .P When used by the \fBnpm diff\fR command, this is the tag used to fetch the tarball that will be compared with the local files by default. .P If used in the \fBnpm publish\fR command, this is the tag that will be added to the package submitted to the registry. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SH "SEE ALSO" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help outdated .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .RE 0 PK ! ����� � man1/npm-stop.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-STOP" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-stop\fR - Stop a package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm stop \[lB]-- <args>\[rB] .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This runs a predefined command specified in the "stop" property of a package's "scripts" object. .P Unlike with npm help start, there is no default script that will run if the \fB"stop"\fR property is not defined. .SS "Example" .P .RS 2 .nf { "scripts": { "stop": "node bar.js" } } .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf npm stop > npm@x.x.x stop > node bar.js (bar.js output would be here) .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBscript-shell\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: '/bin/sh' on POSIX systems, 'cmd.exe' on Windows .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P The shell to use for scripts run with the \fBnpm exec\fR, \fBnpm run\fR and \fBnpm init <package-spec>\fR commands. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help run-script .IP \(bu 4 npm help scripts .IP \(bu 4 npm help test .IP \(bu 4 npm help start .IP \(bu 4 npm help restart .RE 0 PK ! ��ݯ � man1/npm-root.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-ROOT" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-root\fR - Display npm root .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm root .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Print the effective \fBnode_modules\fR folder to standard out. .P Useful for using npm in shell scripts that do things with the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf #!/bin/bash global_node_modules="$(npm root --global)" echo "Global packages installed in: ${global_node_modules}" .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help prefix .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .RE 0 PK ! A��$� � man1/npm-install-ci-test.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-INSTALL-CI-TEST" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-install-ci-test\fR - Install a project with a clean slate and run tests .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm install-ci-test aliases: cit, clean-install-test, sit .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command runs \fBnpm ci\fR followed immediately by \fBnpm test\fR. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBinstall-strategy\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "hoisted" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "hoisted", "nested", "shallow", or "linked" .RE 0 .P Sets the strategy for installing packages in node_modules. hoisted (default): Install non-duplicated in top-level, and duplicated as necessary within directory structure. nested: (formerly --legacy-bundling) install in place, no hoisting. shallow (formerly --global-style) only install direct deps at top-level. linked: (experimental) install in node_modules/.store, link in place, unhoisted. .SS "\fBlegacy-bundling\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR .RE 0 .P Instead of hoisting package installs in \fBnode_modules\fR, install packages in the same manner that they are depended on. This may cause very deep directory structures and duplicate package installs as there is no de-duplicating. Sets \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR. .SS "\fBglobal-style\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR .RE 0 .P Only install direct dependencies in the top level \fBnode_modules\fR, but hoist on deeper dependencies. Sets \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR. .SS "\fBomit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty. .IP \(bu 4 Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk. .P Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. They are just not physically installed on disk. .P If a package type appears in both the \fB--include\fR and \fB--omit\fR lists, then it will be included. .P If the resulting omit list includes \fB'dev'\fR, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable will be set to \fB'production'\fR for all lifecycle scripts. .SS "\fBinclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: "prod", "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install. .P This is the inverse of \fB--omit=<type>\fR. .P Dependency types specified in \fB--include\fR will not be omitted, regardless of the order in which omit/include are specified on the command-line. .SS "\fBstrict-peer-deps\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to \fBtrue\fR, and \fB--legacy-peer-deps\fR is not set, then \fIany\fR conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR will be treated as an install failure, even if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on non-peer dependency relationships. .P By default, conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR deep in the dependency graph will be resolved using the nearest non-peer dependency specification, even if doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency outside the range set in their package's \fBpeerDependencies\fR object. .P When such an override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the conflict and the packages involved. If \fB--strict-peer-deps\fR is set, then this warning is treated as a failure. .SS "\fBforeground-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBfalse\fR unless when using \fBnpm pack\fR or \fBnpm publish\fR where it defaults to \fBtrue\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Run all build scripts (ie, \fBpreinstall\fR, \fBinstall\fR, and \fBpostinstall\fR) scripts for installed packages in the foreground process, sharing standard input, output, and error with the main npm process. .P Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier, but can be useful for debugging. .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBaudit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the default registry and all registries configured for scopes. See the documentation for npm help audit for details on what is submitted. .SS "\fBbin-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Tells npm to create symlinks (or \fB.cmd\fR shims on Windows) for package executables. .P Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix systems. .SS "\fBfund\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" displays the message at the end of each \fBnpm install\fR acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding. See npm help fund for details. .SS "\fBdry-run\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBdedupe\fR, \fBuninstall\fR, as well as \fBpack\fR and \fBpublish\fR. .P Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist-tags\fR, \fBowner\fR, etc. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help install-test .IP \(bu 4 npm help ci .IP \(bu 4 npm help test .RE 0 PK ! �ahP P man1/npm-version.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-VERSION" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-version\fR - Bump a package version .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm version \[lB]<newversion> | major | minor | patch | premajor | preminor | prepatch | prerelease | from-git\[rB] alias: verison .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBallow-same-version\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Prevents throwing an error when \fBnpm version\fR is used to set the new version to the same value as the current version. .SS "\fBcommit-hooks\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Run git commit hooks when using the \fBnpm version\fR command. .SS "\fBgit-tag-version\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Tag the commit when using the \fBnpm version\fR command. Setting this to false results in no commit being made at all. .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBpreid\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The "prerelease identifier" to use as a prefix for the "prerelease" part of a semver. Like the \fBrc\fR in \fB1.2.0-rc.8\fR. .SS "\fBsign-git-tag\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, then the \fBnpm version\fR command will tag the version using \fB-s\fR to add a signature. .P Note that git requires you to have set up GPG keys in your git configs for this to work properly. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces-update\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, the npm cli will run an update after operations that may possibly change the workspaces installed to the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "Description" .P Run this in a package directory to bump the version and write the new data back to \fBpackage.json\fR, \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, and, if present, \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR. .P The \fBnewversion\fR argument should be a valid semver string, a valid second argument to \fBsemver.inc\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/node-semver#functions\(ra\fR (one of \fBpatch\fR, \fBminor\fR, \fBmajor\fR, \fBprepatch\fR, \fBpreminor\fR, \fBpremajor\fR, \fBprerelease\fR), or \fBfrom-git\fR. In the second case, the existing version will be incremented by 1 in the specified field. \fBfrom-git\fR will try to read the latest git tag, and use that as the new npm version. .P If run in a git repo, it will also create a version commit and tag. This behavior is controlled by \fBgit-tag-version\fR (see below), and can be disabled on the command line by running \fBnpm --no-git-tag-version version\fR. It will fail if the working directory is not clean, unless the \fB-f\fR or \fB--force\fR flag is set. .P If supplied with \fB-m\fR or \fB\fB--message\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#message\(ra\fR option, npm will use it as a commit message when creating a version commit. If the \fBmessage\fR config contains \fB%s\fR then that will be replaced with the resulting version number. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf npm version patch -m "Upgrade to %s for reasons" .fi .RE .P If the \fB\fBsign-git-tag\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#sign-git-tag\(ra\fR is set, then the tag will be signed using the \fB-s\fR flag to git. Note that you must have a default GPG key set up in your git config for this to work properly. For example: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm config set sign-git-tag true $ npm version patch You need a passphrase to unlock the secret key for user: "isaacs (http://blog.izs.me/) <i@izs.me>" 2048-bit RSA key, ID 6C481CF6, created 2010-08-31 Enter passphrase: .fi .RE .P If \fBpreversion\fR, \fBversion\fR, or \fBpostversion\fR are in the \fBscripts\fR property of the package.json, they will be executed as part of running \fBnpm version\fR. .P The exact order of execution is as follows: .RS 0 .IP 1. 4 Check to make sure the git working directory is clean before we get started. Your scripts may add files to the commit in future steps. This step is skipped if the \fB--force\fR flag is set. .IP 2. 4 Run the \fBpreversion\fR script. These scripts have access to the old \fBversion\fR in package.json. A typical use would be running your full test suite before deploying. Any files you want added to the commit should be explicitly added using \fBgit add\fR. .IP 3. 4 Bump \fBversion\fR in \fBpackage.json\fR as requested (\fBpatch\fR, \fBminor\fR, \fBmajor\fR, etc). .IP 4. 4 Run the \fBversion\fR script. These scripts have access to the new \fBversion\fR in package.json (so they can incorporate it into file headers in generated files for example). Again, scripts should explicitly add generated files to the commit using \fBgit add\fR. .IP 5. 4 Commit and tag. .IP 6. 4 Run the \fBpostversion\fR script. Use it to clean up the file system or automatically push the commit and/or tag. .RE 0 .P Take the following example: .P .RS 2 .nf { "scripts": { "preversion": "npm test", "version": "npm run build && git add -A dist", "postversion": "git push && git push --tags && rm -rf build/temp" } } .fi .RE .P This runs all your tests and proceeds only if they pass. Then runs your \fBbuild\fR script, and adds everything in the \fBdist\fR directory to the commit. After the commit, it pushes the new commit and tag up to the server, and deletes the \fBbuild/temp\fR directory. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help init .IP \(bu 4 npm help run-script .IP \(bu 4 npm help scripts .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .RE 0 PK ! ��� man1/npm-star.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-STAR" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-star\fR - Mark your favorite packages .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm star \[lB]<package-spec>...\[rB] .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P "Starring" a package means that you have some interest in it. It's a vaguely positive way to show that you care. .P It's a boolean thing. Starring repeatedly has no additional effect. .SS "More" .P There's also these extra commands to help you manage your favorite packages: .SS "Unstar" .P You can also "unstar" a package using npm help unstar .P "Unstarring" is the same thing, but in reverse. .SS "Listing stars" .P You can see all your starred packages using npm help stars .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBunicode\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false on windows, true on mac/unix systems with a unicode locale, as defined by the \fBLC_ALL\fR, \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, or \fBLANG\fR environment variables. .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set to true, npm uses unicode characters in the tree output. When false, it uses ascii characters instead of unicode glyphs. .SS "\fBotp\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P This is a one-time password from a two-factor authenticator. It's needed when publishing or changing package permissions with \fBnpm access\fR. .P If not set, and a registry response fails with a challenge for a one-time password, npm will prompt on the command line for one. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help unstar .IP \(bu 4 npm help stars .IP \(bu 4 npm help view .IP \(bu 4 npm help whoami .IP \(bu 4 npm help adduser .RE 0 PK ! �}� man1/npm-doctor.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-DOCTOR" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-doctor\fR - Check the health of your npm environment .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm doctor \[lB]connection\[rB] \[lB]registry\[rB] \[lB]versions\[rB] \[lB]environment\[rB] \[lB]permissions\[rB] \[lB]cache\[rB] .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P \fBnpm doctor\fR runs a set of checks to ensure that your npm installation has what it needs to manage your JavaScript packages. npm is mostly a standalone tool, but it does have some basic requirements that must be met: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Node.js and git must be executable by npm. .IP \(bu 4 The primary npm registry, \fBregistry.npmjs.com\fR, or another service that uses the registry API, is available. .IP \(bu 4 The directories that npm uses, \fBnode_modules\fR (both locally and globally), exist and can be written by the current user. .IP \(bu 4 The npm cache exists, and the package tarballs within it aren't corrupt. .RE 0 .P Without all of these working properly, npm may not work properly. Many issues are often attributable to things that are outside npm's code base, so \fBnpm doctor\fR confirms that the npm installation is in a good state. .P Also, in addition to this, there are also very many issue reports due to using old versions of npm. Since npm is constantly improving, running \fBnpm@latest\fR is better than an old version. .P \fBnpm doctor\fR verifies the following items in your environment, and if there are any recommended changes, it will display them. By default npm runs all of these checks. You can limit what checks are ran by specifying them as extra arguments. .SS "\fBConnecting to the registry\fR" .P By default, npm installs from the primary npm registry, \fBregistry.npmjs.org\fR. \fBnpm doctor\fR hits a special connection testing endpoint within the registry. This can also be checked with \fBnpm ping\fR. If this check fails, you may be using a proxy that needs to be configured, or may need to talk to your IT staff to get access over HTTPS to \fBregistry.npmjs.org\fR. .P This check is done against whichever registry you've configured (you can see what that is by running \fBnpm config get registry\fR), and if you're using a private registry that doesn't support the \fB/whoami\fR endpoint supported by the primary registry, this check may fail. .SS "\fBChecking npm version\fR" .P While Node.js may come bundled with a particular version of npm, it's the policy of the CLI team that we recommend all users run \fBnpm@latest\fR if they can. As the CLI is maintained by a small team of contributors, there are only resources for a single line of development, so npm's own long-term support releases typically only receive critical security and regression fixes. The team believes that the latest tested version of npm is almost always likely to be the most functional and defect-free version of npm. .SS "\fBChecking node version\fR" .P For most users, in most circumstances, the best version of Node will be the latest long-term support (LTS) release. Those of you who want access to new ECMAscript features or bleeding-edge changes to Node's standard library may be running a newer version, and some may be required to run an older version of Node because of enterprise change control policies. That's OK! But in general, the npm team recommends that most users run Node.js LTS. .SS "\fBChecking configured npm registry\fR" .P You may be installing from private package registries for your project or company. That's great! Others may be following tutorials or StackOverflow questions in an effort to troubleshoot problems you may be having. Sometimes, this may entail changing the registry you're pointing at. This part of \fBnpm doctor\fR just lets you, and maybe whoever's helping you with support, know that you're not using the default registry. .SS "\fBChecking for git executable in PATH\fR" .P While it's documented in the README, it may not be obvious that npm needs Git installed to do many of the things that it does. Also, in some cases \[en] especially on Windows \[en] you may have Git set up in such a way that it's not accessible via your \fBPATH\fR so that npm can find it. This check ensures that Git is available. .SS "Permissions checks" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Your cache must be readable and writable by the user running npm. .IP \(bu 4 Global package binaries must be writable by the user running npm. .IP \(bu 4 Your local \fBnode_modules\fR path, if you're running \fBnpm doctor\fR with a project directory, must be readable and writable by the user running npm. .RE 0 .SS "Validate the checksums of cached packages" .P When an npm package is published, the publishing process generates a checksum that npm uses at install time to verify that the package didn't get corrupted in transit. \fBnpm doctor\fR uses these checksums to validate the package tarballs in your local cache (you can see where that cache is located with \fBnpm config get cache\fR). In the event that there are corrupt packages in your cache, you should probably run \fBnpm cache clean -f\fR and reset the cache. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help bugs .IP \(bu 4 npm help help .IP \(bu 4 npm help ping .RE 0 PK ! ��Jx� � man1/npm-find-dupes.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-FIND-DUPES" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-find-dupes\fR - Find duplication in the package tree .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm find-dupes .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P Runs \fBnpm dedupe\fR in \fB--dry-run\fR mode, making npm only output the duplications, without actually changing the package tree. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBinstall-strategy\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "hoisted" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "hoisted", "nested", "shallow", or "linked" .RE 0 .P Sets the strategy for installing packages in node_modules. hoisted (default): Install non-duplicated in top-level, and duplicated as necessary within directory structure. nested: (formerly --legacy-bundling) install in place, no hoisting. shallow (formerly --global-style) only install direct deps at top-level. linked: (experimental) install in node_modules/.store, link in place, unhoisted. .SS "\fBlegacy-bundling\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR .RE 0 .P Instead of hoisting package installs in \fBnode_modules\fR, install packages in the same manner that they are depended on. This may cause very deep directory structures and duplicate package installs as there is no de-duplicating. Sets \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR. .SS "\fBglobal-style\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR .RE 0 .P Only install direct dependencies in the top level \fBnode_modules\fR, but hoist on deeper dependencies. Sets \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR. .SS "\fBstrict-peer-deps\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to \fBtrue\fR, and \fB--legacy-peer-deps\fR is not set, then \fIany\fR conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR will be treated as an install failure, even if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on non-peer dependency relationships. .P By default, conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR deep in the dependency graph will be resolved using the nearest non-peer dependency specification, even if doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency outside the range set in their package's \fBpeerDependencies\fR object. .P When such an override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the conflict and the packages involved. If \fB--strict-peer-deps\fR is set, then this warning is treated as a failure. .SS "\fBpackage-lock\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to false, then ignore \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files when installing. This will also prevent \fIwriting\fR \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if \fBsave\fR is true. .SS "\fBomit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty. .IP \(bu 4 Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk. .P Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. They are just not physically installed on disk. .P If a package type appears in both the \fB--include\fR and \fB--omit\fR lists, then it will be included. .P If the resulting omit list includes \fB'dev'\fR, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable will be set to \fB'production'\fR for all lifecycle scripts. .SS "\fBinclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: "prod", "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install. .P This is the inverse of \fB--omit=<type>\fR. .P Dependency types specified in \fB--include\fR will not be omitted, regardless of the order in which omit/include are specified on the command-line. .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBaudit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the default registry and all registries configured for scopes. See the documentation for npm help audit for details on what is submitted. .SS "\fBbin-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Tells npm to create symlinks (or \fB.cmd\fR shims on Windows) for package executables. .P Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix systems. .SS "\fBfund\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" displays the message at the end of each \fBnpm install\fR acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding. See npm help fund for details. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help dedupe .IP \(bu 4 npm help ls .IP \(bu 4 npm help update .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .RE 0 PK ! �A�b) ) man1/npm-unpublish.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-UNPUBLISH" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-unpublish\fR - Remove a package from the registry .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm unpublish \[lB]<package-spec>\[rB] .fi .RE .P To learn more about how the npm registry treats unpublish, see our \fBunpublish policies\fR \fI\(lahttps://docs.npmjs.com/policies/unpublish\(ra\fR. .SS "Warning" .P Consider using the npm help deprecate command instead, if your intent is to encourage users to upgrade, or if you no longer want to maintain a package. .SS "Description" .P This removes a package version from the registry, deleting its entry and removing the tarball. .P The npm registry will return an error if you are not npm help "logged in". .P If you do not specify a package name at all, the name and version to be unpublished will be pulled from the project in the current directory. .P If you specify a package name but do not specify a version or if you remove all of a package's versions then the registry will remove the root package entry entirely. .P Even if you unpublish a package version, that specific name and version combination can never be reused. In order to publish the package again, you must use a new version number. If you unpublish the entire package, you may not publish any new versions of that package until 24 hours have passed. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBdry-run\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBdedupe\fR, \fBuninstall\fR, as well as \fBpack\fR and \fBpublish\fR. .P Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist-tags\fR, \fBowner\fR, etc. .SS "\fBforce\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Removes various protections against unfortunate side effects, common mistakes, unnecessary performance degradation, and malicious input. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Allow clobbering non-npm files in global installs. .IP \(bu 4 Allow the \fBnpm version\fR command to work on an unclean git repository. .IP \(bu 4 Allow deleting the cache folder with \fBnpm cache clean\fR. .IP \(bu 4 Allow installing packages that have an \fBengines\fR declaration requiring a different version of npm. .IP \(bu 4 Allow installing packages that have an \fBengines\fR declaration requiring a different version of \fBnode\fR, even if \fB--engine-strict\fR is enabled. .IP \(bu 4 Allow \fBnpm audit fix\fR to install modules outside your stated dependency range (including SemVer-major changes). .IP \(bu 4 Allow unpublishing all versions of a published package. .IP \(bu 4 Allow conflicting peerDependencies to be installed in the root project. .IP \(bu 4 Implicitly set \fB--yes\fR during \fBnpm init\fR. .IP \(bu 4 Allow clobbering existing values in \fBnpm pkg\fR .IP \(bu 4 Allow unpublishing of entire packages (not just a single version). .RE 0 .P If you don't have a clear idea of what you want to do, it is strongly recommended that you do not use this option! .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help deprecate .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help adduser .IP \(bu 4 npm help owner .IP \(bu 4 npm help login .RE 0 PK ! �d�P! ! man1/npm-config.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-CONFIG" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-config\fR - Manage the npm configuration files .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm config set <key>=<value> \[lB]<key>=<value> ...\[rB] npm config get \[lB]<key> \[lB]<key> ...\[rB]\[rB] npm config delete <key> \[lB]<key> ...\[rB] npm config list \[lB]--json\[rB] npm config edit npm config fix alias: c .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P npm gets its config settings from the command line, environment variables, \fBnpmrc\fR files, and in some cases, the \fBpackage.json\fR file. .P See npm help npmrc for more information about the npmrc files. .P See npm help config for a more thorough explanation of the mechanisms involved, and a full list of config options available. .P The \fBnpm config\fR command can be used to update and edit the contents of the user and global npmrc files. .SS "Sub-commands" .P Config supports the following sub-commands: .SS "set" .P .RS 2 .nf npm config set key=value \[lB]key=value...\[rB] npm set key=value \[lB]key=value...\[rB] .fi .RE .P Sets each of the config keys to the value provided. Modifies the user configuration file unless \fB\fBlocation\fR\fR \fI\(la/commands/npm-config#location\(ra\fR is passed. .P If value is omitted, the key will be removed from your config file entirely. .P Note: for backwards compatibility, \fBnpm config set key value\fR is supported as an alias for \fBnpm config set key=value\fR. .SS "get" .P .RS 2 .nf npm config get \[lB]key ...\[rB] npm get \[lB]key ...\[rB] .fi .RE .P Echo the config value(s) to stdout. .P If multiple keys are provided, then the values will be prefixed with the key names. .P If no keys are provided, then this command behaves the same as \fBnpm config list\fR. .SS "list" .P .RS 2 .nf npm config list .fi .RE .P Show all the config settings. Use \fB-l\fR to also show defaults. Use \fB--json\fR to show the settings in json format. .SS "delete" .P .RS 2 .nf npm config delete key \[lB]key ...\[rB] .fi .RE .P Deletes the specified keys from all configuration files. .SS "edit" .P .RS 2 .nf npm config edit .fi .RE .P Opens the config file in an editor. Use the \fB--global\fR flag to edit the global config. .SS "fix" .P .RS 2 .nf npm config fix .fi .RE .P Attempts to repair invalid configuration items. Usually this means attaching authentication config (i.e. \fB_auth\fR, \fB_authToken\fR) to the configured \fBregistry\fR. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBeditor\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: The EDITOR or VISUAL environment variables, or '%SYSTEMROOT%\[rs]notepad.exe' on Windows, or 'vi' on Unix systems .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The command to run for \fBnpm edit\fR and \fBnpm config edit\fR. .SS "\fBlocation\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "user" unless \fB--global\fR is passed, which will also set this value to "global" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "global", "user", or "project" .RE 0 .P When passed to \fBnpm config\fR this refers to which config file to use. .P When set to "global" mode, packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBlong\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Show extended information in \fBls\fR, \fBsearch\fR, and \fBhelp-search\fR. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help npm .RE 0 PK ! e&�@� � man1/npm-access.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-ACCESS" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-access\fR - Set access level on published packages .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm access list packages \[lB]<user>|<scope>|<scope:team>\[rB] \[lB]<package>\[rB] npm access list collaborators \[lB]<package> \[lB]<user>\[rB]\[rB] npm access get status \[lB]<package>\[rB] npm access set status=public|private \[lB]<package>\[rB] npm access set mfa=none|publish|automation \[lB]<package>\[rB] npm access grant <read-only|read-write> <scope:team> \[lB]<package>\[rB] npm access revoke <scope:team> \[lB]<package>\[rB] .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Used to set access controls on private packages. .P For all of the subcommands, \fBnpm access\fR will perform actions on the packages in the current working directory if no package name is passed to the subcommand. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 public / restricted (deprecated): Set a package to be either publicly accessible or restricted. .IP \(bu 4 grant / revoke (deprecated): Add or remove the ability of users and teams to have read-only or read-write access to a package. .IP \(bu 4 2fa-required / 2fa-not-required (deprecated): Configure whether a package requires that anyone publishing it have two-factor authentication enabled on their account. .IP \(bu 4 ls-packages (deprecated): Show all of the packages a user or a team is able to access, along with the access level, except for read-only public packages (it won't print the whole registry listing) .IP \(bu 4 ls-collaborators (deprecated): Show all of the access privileges for a package. Will only show permissions for packages to which you have at least read access. If \fB<user>\fR is passed in, the list is filtered only to teams \fIthat\fR user happens to belong to. .IP \(bu 4 edit (not implemented) .RE 0 .SS "Details" .P \fBnpm access\fR always operates directly on the current registry, configurable from the command line using \fB--registry=<registry url>\fR. .P Unscoped packages are \fIalways public\fR. .P Scoped packages \fIdefault to restricted\fR, but you can either publish them as public using \fBnpm publish --access=public\fR, or set their access as public using \fBnpm access public\fR after the initial publish. .P You must have privileges to set the access of a package: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 You are an owner of an unscoped or scoped package. .IP \(bu 4 You are a member of the team that owns a scope. .IP \(bu 4 You have been given read-write privileges for a package, either as a member of a team or directly as an owner. .RE 0 .P If you have two-factor authentication enabled then you'll be prompted to provide a second factor, or may use the \fB--otp=...\fR option to specify it on the command line. .P If your account is not paid, then attempts to publish scoped packages will fail with an HTTP 402 status code (logically enough), unless you use \fB--access=public\fR. .P Management of teams and team memberships is done with the \fBnpm team\fR command. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBotp\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P This is a one-time password from a two-factor authenticator. It's needed when publishing or changing package permissions with \fBnpm access\fR. .P If not set, and a registry response fails with a challenge for a one-time password, npm will prompt on the command line for one. .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fB\fBlibnpmaccess\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://npm.im/libnpmaccess\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help team .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .RE 0 PK ! �3Ʊh h man1/npm-test.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-TEST" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-test\fR - Test a package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm test \[lB]-- <args>\[rB] aliases: tst, t .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This runs a predefined command specified in the \fB"test"\fR property of a package's \fB"scripts"\fR object. .SS "Example" .P .RS 2 .nf { "scripts": { "test": "node test.js" } } .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf npm test > npm@x.x.x test > node test.js (test.js output would be here) .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBscript-shell\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: '/bin/sh' on POSIX systems, 'cmd.exe' on Windows .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P The shell to use for scripts run with the \fBnpm exec\fR, \fBnpm run\fR and \fBnpm init <package-spec>\fR commands. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help run-script .IP \(bu 4 npm help scripts .IP \(bu 4 npm help start .IP \(bu 4 npm help restart .IP \(bu 4 npm help stop .RE 0 PK ! �x man1/npm-uninstall.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-UNINSTALL" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-uninstall\fR - Remove a package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm uninstall \[lB]<@scope>/\[rB]<pkg>... aliases: unlink, remove, rm, r, un .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This uninstalls a package, completely removing everything npm installed on its behalf. .P It also removes the package from the \fBdependencies\fR, \fBdevDependencies\fR, \fBoptionalDependencies\fR, and \fBpeerDependencies\fR objects in your \fBpackage.json\fR. .P Further, if you have an \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR or \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, npm will update those files as well. .P \fB--no-save\fR will tell npm not to remove the package from your \fBpackage.json\fR, \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR, or \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files. .P \fB--save\fR or \fB-S\fR will tell npm to remove the package from your \fBpackage.json\fR, \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR, and \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files. This is the default, but you may need to use this if you have for instance \fBsave=false\fR in your \fBnpmrc\fR file .P In global mode (ie, with \fB-g\fR or \fB--global\fR appended to the command), it uninstalls the current package context as a global package. \fB--no-save\fR is ignored in this case. .P Scope is optional and follows the usual rules for npm help scope. .SS "Examples" .P .RS 2 .nf npm uninstall sax .fi .RE .P \fBsax\fR will no longer be in your \fBpackage.json\fR, \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR, or \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files. .P .RS 2 .nf npm uninstall lodash --no-save .fi .RE .P \fBlodash\fR will not be removed from your \fBpackage.json\fR, \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR, or \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBsave\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBtrue\fR unless when using \fBnpm update\fR where it defaults to \fBfalse\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Save installed packages to a \fBpackage.json\fR file as dependencies. .P When used with the \fBnpm rm\fR command, removes the dependency from \fBpackage.json\fR. .P Will also prevent writing to \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if set to \fBfalse\fR. .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help prune .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .RE 0 PK ! ��M�)# )# man1/npm-sbom.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-SBOM" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-sbom\fR - Generate a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm sbom .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P The \fBnpm sbom\fR command generates a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) listing the dependencies for the current project. SBOMs can be generated in either \fBSPDX\fR \fI\(lahttps://spdx.dev/\(ra\fR or \fBCycloneDX\fR \fI\(lahttps://cyclonedx.org/\(ra\fR format. .SS "Example CycloneDX SBOM" .P .RS 2 .nf { "$schema": "http://cyclonedx.org/schema/bom-1.5.schema.json", "bomFormat": "CycloneDX", "specVersion": "1.5", "serialNumber": "urn:uuid:09f55116-97e1-49cf-b3b8-44d0207e7730", "version": 1, "metadata": { "timestamp": "2023-09-01T00:00:00.001Z", "lifecycles": \[lB] { "phase": "build" } \[rB], "tools": \[lB] { "vendor": "npm", "name": "cli", "version": "10.1.0" } \[rB], "component": { "bom-ref": "simple@1.0.0", "type": "library", "name": "simple", "version": "1.0.0", "scope": "required", "author": "John Doe", "description": "simple react app", "purl": "pkg:npm/simple@1.0.0", "properties": \[lB] { "name": "cdx:npm:package:path", "value": "" } \[rB], "externalReferences": \[lB]\[rB], "licenses": \[lB] { "license": { "id": "MIT" } } \[rB] } }, "components": \[lB] { "bom-ref": "lodash@4.17.21", "type": "library", "name": "lodash", "version": "4.17.21", "scope": "required", "author": "John-David Dalton", "description": "Lodash modular utilities.", "purl": "pkg:npm/lodash@4.17.21", "properties": \[lB] { "name": "cdx:npm:package:path", "value": "node_modules/lodash" } \[rB], "externalReferences": \[lB] { "type": "distribution", "url": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash/-/lodash-4.17.21.tgz" }, { "type": "vcs", "url": "git+https://github.com/lodash/lodash.git" }, { "type": "website", "url": "https://lodash.com/" }, { "type": "issue-tracker", "url": "https://github.com/lodash/lodash/issues" } \[rB], "hashes": \[lB] { "alg": "SHA-512", "content": "bf690311ee7b95e713ba568322e3533f2dd1cb880b189e99d4edef13592b81764daec43e2c54c61d5c558dc5cfb35ecb85b65519e74026ff17675b6f8f916f4a" } \[rB], "licenses": \[lB] { "license": { "id": "MIT" } } \[rB] } \[rB], "dependencies": \[lB] { "ref": "simple@1.0.0", "dependsOn": \[lB] "lodash@4.17.21" \[rB] }, { "ref": "lodash@4.17.21", "dependsOn": \[lB]\[rB] } \[rB] } .fi .RE .SS "Example SPDX SBOM" .P .RS 2 .nf { "spdxVersion": "SPDX-2.3", "dataLicense": "CC0-1.0", "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-DOCUMENT", "name": "simple@1.0.0", "documentNamespace": "http://spdx.org/spdxdocs/simple-1.0.0-bf81090e-8bbc-459d-bec9-abeb794e096a", "creationInfo": { "created": "2023-09-01T00:00:00.001Z", "creators": \[lB] "Tool: npm/cli-10.1.0" \[rB] }, "documentDescribes": \[lB] "SPDXRef-Package-simple-1.0.0" \[rB], "packages": \[lB] { "name": "simple", "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-Package-simple-1.0.0", "versionInfo": "1.0.0", "packageFileName": "", "description": "simple react app", "primaryPackagePurpose": "LIBRARY", "downloadLocation": "NOASSERTION", "filesAnalyzed": false, "homepage": "NOASSERTION", "licenseDeclared": "MIT", "externalRefs": \[lB] { "referenceCategory": "PACKAGE-MANAGER", "referenceType": "purl", "referenceLocator": "pkg:npm/simple@1.0.0" } \[rB] }, { "name": "lodash", "SPDXID": "SPDXRef-Package-lodash-4.17.21", "versionInfo": "4.17.21", "packageFileName": "node_modules/lodash", "description": "Lodash modular utilities.", "downloadLocation": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash/-/lodash-4.17.21.tgz", "filesAnalyzed": false, "homepage": "https://lodash.com/", "licenseDeclared": "MIT", "externalRefs": \[lB] { "referenceCategory": "PACKAGE-MANAGER", "referenceType": "purl", "referenceLocator": "pkg:npm/lodash@4.17.21" } \[rB], "checksums": \[lB] { "algorithm": "SHA512", "checksumValue": "bf690311ee7b95e713ba568322e3533f2dd1cb880b189e99d4edef13592b81764daec43e2c54c61d5c558dc5cfb35ecb85b65519e74026ff17675b6f8f916f4a" } \[rB] } \[rB], "relationships": \[lB] { "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-DOCUMENT", "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-Package-simple-1.0.0", "relationshipType": "DESCRIBES" }, { "spdxElementId": "SPDXRef-Package-simple-1.0.0", "relatedSpdxElement": "SPDXRef-Package-lodash-4.17.21", "relationshipType": "DEPENDS_ON" } \[rB] } .fi .RE .SS "Package lock only mode" .P If package-lock-only is enabled, only the information in the package lock (or shrinkwrap) is loaded. This means that information from the package.json files of your dependencies will not be included in the result set (e.g. description, homepage, engines). .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBomit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty. .IP \(bu 4 Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk. .P Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. They are just not physically installed on disk. .P If a package type appears in both the \fB--include\fR and \fB--omit\fR lists, then it will be included. .P If the resulting omit list includes \fB'dev'\fR, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable will be set to \fB'production'\fR for all lifecycle scripts. .SS "\fBpackage-lock-only\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, the current operation will only use the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, ignoring \fBnode_modules\fR. .P For \fBupdate\fR this means only the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR will be updated, instead of checking \fBnode_modules\fR and downloading dependencies. .P For \fBlist\fR this means the output will be based on the tree described by the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, rather than the contents of \fBnode_modules\fR. .SS "\fBsbom-format\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: "cyclonedx" or "spdx" .RE 0 .P SBOM format to use when generating SBOMs. .SS "\fBsbom-type\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "library" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "library", "application", or "framework" .RE 0 .P The type of package described by the generated SBOM. For SPDX, this is the value for the \fBprimaryPackagePurpose\fR field. For CycloneDX, this is the value for the \fBtype\fR field. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SH "SEE ALSO" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help "dependency selectors" .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help workspaces .RE 0 PK ! �N�� � man1/npm-adduser.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-ADDUSER" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-adduser\fR - Add a registry user account .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm adduser alias: add-user .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Create a new user in the specified registry, and save the credentials to the \fB.npmrc\fR file. If no registry is specified, the default registry will be used (see npm help registry). .P When using \fBlegacy\fR for your \fBauth-type\fR, the username, password, and email are read in from prompts. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBscope\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: the scope of the current project, if any, or "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Associate an operation with a scope for a scoped registry. .P Useful when logging in to or out of a private registry: .P .RS 2 .nf # log in, linking the scope to the custom registry npm login --scope=@mycorp --registry=https://registry.mycorp.com # log out, removing the link and the auth token npm logout --scope=@mycorp .fi .RE .P This will cause \fB@mycorp\fR to be mapped to the registry for future installation of packages specified according to the pattern \fB@mycorp/package\fR. .P This will also cause \fBnpm init\fR to create a scoped package. .P .RS 2 .nf # accept all defaults, and create a package named "@foo/whatever", # instead of just named "whatever" npm init --scope=@foo --yes .fi .RE .SS "\fBauth-type\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "web" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "legacy" or "web" .RE 0 .P What authentication strategy to use with \fBlogin\fR. Note that if an \fBotp\fR config is given, this value will always be set to \fBlegacy\fR. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help owner .IP \(bu 4 npm help whoami .IP \(bu 4 npm help token .IP \(bu 4 npm help profile .RE 0 PK ! cGK`~ ~ man1/npm-explain.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-EXPLAIN" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-explain\fR - Explain installed packages .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm explain <package-spec> alias: why .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command will print the chain of dependencies causing a given package to be installed in the current project. .P If one or more package specs are provided, then only packages matching one of the specifiers will have their relationships explained. .P The package spec can also refer to a folder within \fB./node_modules\fR .P For example, running \fBnpm explain glob\fR within npm's source tree will show: .P .RS 2 .nf glob@7.1.6 node_modules/glob glob@"^7.1.4" from the root project glob@7.1.1 dev node_modules/tacks/node_modules/glob glob@"^7.0.5" from rimraf@2.6.2 node_modules/tacks/node_modules/rimraf rimraf@"^2.6.2" from tacks@1.3.0 node_modules/tacks dev tacks@"^1.3.0" from the root project .fi .RE .P To explain just the package residing at a specific folder, pass that as the argument to the command. This can be useful when trying to figure out exactly why a given dependency is being duplicated to satisfy conflicting version requirements within the project. .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm explain node_modules/nyc/node_modules/find-up find-up@3.0.0 dev node_modules/nyc/node_modules/find-up find-up@"^3.0.0" from nyc@14.1.1 node_modules/nyc nyc@"^14.1.1" from tap@14.10.8 node_modules/tap dev tap@"^14.10.8" from the root project .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help ls .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help link .IP \(bu 4 npm help prune .IP \(bu 4 npm help outdated .IP \(bu 4 npm help update .RE 0 PK ! k']�A A man1/npm-cache.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-CACHE" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-cache\fR - Manipulates packages cache .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm cache add <package-spec> npm cache clean \[lB]<key>\[rB] npm cache ls \[lB]<name>@<version>\[rB] npm cache verify .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Used to add, list, or clean the npm cache folder. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 add: Add the specified packages to the local cache. This command is primarily intended to be used internally by npm, but it can provide a way to add data to the local installation cache explicitly. .IP \(bu 4 clean: Delete all data out of the cache folder. Note that this is typically unnecessary, as npm's cache is self-healing and resistant to data corruption issues. .IP \(bu 4 verify: Verify the contents of the cache folder, garbage collecting any unneeded data, and verifying the integrity of the cache index and all cached data. .RE 0 .SS "Details" .P npm stores cache data in an opaque directory within the configured \fBcache\fR, named \fB_cacache\fR. This directory is a \fB\fBcacache\fR\fR \fI\(lahttp://npm.im/cacache\(ra\fR-based content-addressable cache that stores all http request data as well as other package-related data. This directory is primarily accessed through \fBpacote\fR, the library responsible for all package fetching as of npm@5. .P All data that passes through the cache is fully verified for integrity on both insertion and extraction. Cache corruption will either trigger an error, or signal to \fBpacote\fR that the data must be refetched, which it will do automatically. For this reason, it should never be necessary to clear the cache for any reason other than reclaiming disk space, thus why \fBclean\fR now requires \fB--force\fR to run. .P There is currently no method exposed through npm to inspect or directly manage the contents of this cache. In order to access it, \fBcacache\fR must be used directly. .P npm will not remove data by itself: the cache will grow as new packages are installed. .SS "A note about the cache's design" .P The npm cache is strictly a cache: it should not be relied upon as a persistent and reliable data store for package data. npm makes no guarantee that a previously-cached piece of data will be available later, and will automatically delete corrupted contents. The primary guarantee that the cache makes is that, if it does return data, that data will be exactly the data that was inserted. .P To run an offline verification of existing cache contents, use \fBnpm cache verify\fR. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBcache\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: Windows: \fB%LocalAppData%\[rs]npm-cache\fR, Posix: \fB~/.npm\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Path .RE 0 .P The location of npm's cache directory. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help pack .IP \(bu 4 https://npm.im/cacache .IP \(bu 4 https://npm.im/pacote .IP \(bu 4 https://npm.im/@npmcli/arborist .IP \(bu 4 https://npm.im/make-fetch-happen .RE 0 PK ! 7J}�& & man1/npm-docs.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-DOCS" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-docs\fR - Open documentation for a package in a web browser .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm docs \[lB]<pkgname> \[lB]<pkgname> ...\[rB]\[rB] alias: home .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command tries to guess at the likely location of a package's documentation URL, and then tries to open it using the \fB\fB--browser\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#browser\(ra\fR param. You can pass multiple package names at once. If no package name is provided, it will search for a \fBpackage.json\fR in the current folder and use the \fBname\fR property. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBbrowser\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: OS X: \fB"open"\fR, Windows: \fB"start"\fR, Others: \fB"xdg-open"\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: null, Boolean, or String .RE 0 .P The browser that is called by npm commands to open websites. .P Set to \fBfalse\fR to suppress browser behavior and instead print urls to terminal. .P Set to \fBtrue\fR to use default system URL opener. .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help view .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .RE 0 PK ! �2�d d man1/npm-logout.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-LOGOUT" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-logout\fR - Log out of the registry .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm logout .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P When logged into a registry that supports token-based authentication, tell the server to end this token's session. This will invalidate the token everywhere you're using it, not just for the current environment. .P When logged into a legacy registry that uses username and password authentication, this will clear the credentials in your user configuration. In this case, it will \fIonly\fR affect the current environment. .P If \fB--scope\fR is provided, this will find the credentials for the registry connected to that scope, if set. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBscope\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: the scope of the current project, if any, or "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Associate an operation with a scope for a scoped registry. .P Useful when logging in to or out of a private registry: .P .RS 2 .nf # log in, linking the scope to the custom registry npm login --scope=@mycorp --registry=https://registry.mycorp.com # log out, removing the link and the auth token npm logout --scope=@mycorp .fi .RE .P This will cause \fB@mycorp\fR to be mapped to the registry for future installation of packages specified according to the pattern \fB@mycorp/package\fR. .P This will also cause \fBnpm init\fR to create a scoped package. .P .RS 2 .nf # accept all defaults, and create a package named "@foo/whatever", # instead of just named "whatever" npm init --scope=@foo --yes .fi .RE .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help adduser .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help whoami .RE 0 PK ! i�)� � man1/npm-restart.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-RESTART" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-restart\fR - Restart a package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm restart \[lB]-- <args>\[rB] .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This restarts a project. It is equivalent to running \fBnpm run-script restart\fR. .P If the current project has a \fB"restart"\fR script specified in \fBpackage.json\fR, then the following scripts will be run: .RS 0 .IP 1. 4 prerestart .IP 2. 4 restart .IP 3. 4 postrestart .RE 0 .P If it does \fInot\fR have a \fB"restart"\fR script specified, but it does have \fBstop\fR and/or \fBstart\fR scripts, then the following scripts will be run: .RS 0 .IP 1. 4 prerestart .IP 2. 4 prestop .IP 3. 4 stop .IP 4. 4 poststop .IP 5. 4 prestart .IP 6. 4 start .IP 7. 4 poststart .IP 8. 4 postrestart .RE 0 .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBscript-shell\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: '/bin/sh' on POSIX systems, 'cmd.exe' on Windows .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P The shell to use for scripts run with the \fBnpm exec\fR, \fBnpm run\fR and \fBnpm init <package-spec>\fR commands. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help run-script .IP \(bu 4 npm help scripts .IP \(bu 4 npm help test .IP \(bu 4 npm help start .IP \(bu 4 npm help stop .IP \(bu 4 npm help restart .RE 0 PK ! o�ԍu u man1/npm-search.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-SEARCH" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-search\fR - Search for packages .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm search <search term> \[lB]<search term> ...\[rB] aliases: find, s, se .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Search the registry for packages matching the search terms. \fBnpm search\fR performs a linear, incremental, lexically-ordered search through package metadata for all files in the registry. If your terminal has color support, it will further highlight the matches in the results. This can be disabled with the config item \fBcolor\fR .P Additionally, using the \fB--searchopts\fR and \fB--searchexclude\fR options paired with more search terms will include and exclude further patterns. The main difference between \fB--searchopts\fR and the standard search terms is that the former does not highlight results in the output and you can use them more fine-grained filtering. Additionally, you can add both of these to your config to change default search filtering behavior. .P Search also allows targeting of maintainers in search results, by prefixing their npm username with \fB=\fR. .P If a term starts with \fB/\fR, then it's interpreted as a regular expression and supports standard JavaScript RegExp syntax. In this case search will ignore a trailing \fB/\fR . (Note you must escape or quote many regular expression characters in most shells.) .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBcolor\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true unless the NO_COLOR environ is set to something other than '0' .IP \(bu 4 Type: "always" or Boolean .RE 0 .P If false, never shows colors. If \fB"always"\fR then always shows colors. If true, then only prints color codes for tty file descriptors. .SS "\fBparseable\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Output parseable results from commands that write to standard output. For \fBnpm search\fR, this will be tab-separated table format. .SS "\fBdescription\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Show the description in \fBnpm search\fR .SS "\fBsearchlimit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 20 .IP \(bu 4 Type: Number .RE 0 .P Number of items to limit search results to. Will not apply at all to legacy searches. .SS "\fBsearchopts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Space-separated options that are always passed to search. .SS "\fBsearchexclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Space-separated options that limit the results from search. .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBprefer-online\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, staleness checks for cached data will be forced, making the CLI look for updates immediately even for fresh package data. .SS "\fBprefer-offline\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, staleness checks for cached data will be bypassed, but missing data will be requested from the server. To force full offline mode, use \fB--offline\fR. .SS "\fBoffline\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Force offline mode: no network requests will be done during install. To allow the CLI to fill in missing cache data, see \fB--prefer-offline\fR. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help view .IP \(bu 4 npm help cache .IP \(bu 4 https://npm.im/npm-registry-fetch .RE 0 PK ! u'��3 �3 man1/npm-update.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-UPDATE" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-update\fR - Update packages .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm update \[lB]<pkg>...\[rB] aliases: up, upgrade, udpate .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command will update all the packages listed to the latest version (specified by the \fB\fBtag\fR config\fR \fI\(la/using-npm/config#tag\(ra\fR), respecting the semver constraints of both your package and its dependencies (if they also require the same package). .P It will also install missing packages. .P If the \fB-g\fR flag is specified, this command will update globally installed packages. .P If no package name is specified, all packages in the specified location (global or local) will be updated. .P Note that by default \fBnpm update\fR will not update the semver values of direct dependencies in your project \fBpackage.json\fR. If you want to also update values in \fBpackage.json\fR you can run: \fBnpm update --save\fR (or add the \fBsave=true\fR option to a npm help "configuration file" to make that the default behavior). .SS "Example" .P For the examples below, assume that the current package is \fBapp\fR and it depends on dependencies, \fBdep1\fR (\fBdep2\fR, .. etc.). The published versions of \fBdep1\fR are: .P .RS 2 .nf { "dist-tags": { "latest": "1.2.2" }, "versions": \[lB] "1.2.2", "1.2.1", "1.2.0", "1.1.2", "1.1.1", "1.0.0", "0.4.1", "0.4.0", "0.2.0" \[rB] } .fi .RE .SS "Caret Dependencies" .P If \fBapp\fR's \fBpackage.json\fR contains: .P .RS 2 .nf "dependencies": { "dep1": "^1.1.1" } .fi .RE .P Then \fBnpm update\fR will install \fBdep1@1.2.2\fR, because \fB1.2.2\fR is \fBlatest\fR and \fB1.2.2\fR satisfies \fB^1.1.1\fR. .SS "Tilde Dependencies" .P However, if \fBapp\fR's \fBpackage.json\fR contains: .P .RS 2 .nf "dependencies": { "dep1": "~1.1.1" } .fi .RE .P In this case, running \fBnpm update\fR will install \fBdep1@1.1.2\fR. Even though the \fBlatest\fR tag points to \fB1.2.2\fR, this version does not satisfy \fB~1.1.1\fR, which is equivalent to \fB>=1.1.1 <1.2.0\fR. So the highest-sorting version that satisfies \fB~1.1.1\fR is used, which is \fB1.1.2\fR. .SS "Caret Dependencies below 1.0.0" .P Suppose \fBapp\fR has a caret dependency on a version below \fB1.0.0\fR, for example: .P .RS 2 .nf "dependencies": { "dep1": "^0.2.0" } .fi .RE .P \fBnpm update\fR will install \fBdep1@0.2.0\fR. .P If the dependence were on \fB^0.4.0\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf "dependencies": { "dep1": "^0.4.0" } .fi .RE .P Then \fBnpm update\fR will install \fBdep1@0.4.1\fR, because that is the highest-sorting version that satisfies \fB^0.4.0\fR (\fB>= 0.4.0 <0.5.0\fR) .SS "Subdependencies" .P Suppose your app now also has a dependency on \fBdep2\fR .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "my-app", "dependencies": { "dep1": "^1.0.0", "dep2": "1.0.0" } } .fi .RE .P and \fBdep2\fR itself depends on this limited range of \fBdep1\fR .P .RS 2 .nf { "name": "dep2", "dependencies": { "dep1": "~1.1.1" } } .fi .RE .P Then \fBnpm update\fR will install \fBdep1@1.1.2\fR because that is the highest version that \fBdep2\fR allows. npm will prioritize having a single version of \fBdep1\fR in your tree rather than two when that single version can satisfy the semver requirements of multiple dependencies in your tree. In this case if you really did need your package to use a newer version you would need to use \fBnpm install\fR. .SS "Updating Globally-Installed Packages" .P \fBnpm update -g\fR will apply the \fBupdate\fR action to each globally installed package that is \fBoutdated\fR -- that is, has a version that is different from \fBwanted\fR. .P Note: Globally installed packages are treated as if they are installed with a caret semver range specified. So if you require to update to \fBlatest\fR you may need to run \fBnpm install -g \[lB]<pkg>...\[rB]\fR .P NOTE: If a package has been upgraded to a version newer than \fBlatest\fR, it will be \fIdowngraded\fR. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBsave\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBtrue\fR unless when using \fBnpm update\fR where it defaults to \fBfalse\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Save installed packages to a \fBpackage.json\fR file as dependencies. .P When used with the \fBnpm rm\fR command, removes the dependency from \fBpackage.json\fR. .P Will also prevent writing to \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if set to \fBfalse\fR. .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBinstall-strategy\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "hoisted" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "hoisted", "nested", "shallow", or "linked" .RE 0 .P Sets the strategy for installing packages in node_modules. hoisted (default): Install non-duplicated in top-level, and duplicated as necessary within directory structure. nested: (formerly --legacy-bundling) install in place, no hoisting. shallow (formerly --global-style) only install direct deps at top-level. linked: (experimental) install in node_modules/.store, link in place, unhoisted. .SS "\fBlegacy-bundling\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR .RE 0 .P Instead of hoisting package installs in \fBnode_modules\fR, install packages in the same manner that they are depended on. This may cause very deep directory structures and duplicate package installs as there is no de-duplicating. Sets \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR. .SS "\fBglobal-style\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR .RE 0 .P Only install direct dependencies in the top level \fBnode_modules\fR, but hoist on deeper dependencies. Sets \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR. .SS "\fBomit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty. .IP \(bu 4 Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk. .P Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. They are just not physically installed on disk. .P If a package type appears in both the \fB--include\fR and \fB--omit\fR lists, then it will be included. .P If the resulting omit list includes \fB'dev'\fR, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable will be set to \fB'production'\fR for all lifecycle scripts. .SS "\fBinclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: "prod", "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install. .P This is the inverse of \fB--omit=<type>\fR. .P Dependency types specified in \fB--include\fR will not be omitted, regardless of the order in which omit/include are specified on the command-line. .SS "\fBstrict-peer-deps\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to \fBtrue\fR, and \fB--legacy-peer-deps\fR is not set, then \fIany\fR conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR will be treated as an install failure, even if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on non-peer dependency relationships. .P By default, conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR deep in the dependency graph will be resolved using the nearest non-peer dependency specification, even if doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency outside the range set in their package's \fBpeerDependencies\fR object. .P When such an override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the conflict and the packages involved. If \fB--strict-peer-deps\fR is set, then this warning is treated as a failure. .SS "\fBpackage-lock\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to false, then ignore \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files when installing. This will also prevent \fIwriting\fR \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if \fBsave\fR is true. .SS "\fBforeground-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBfalse\fR unless when using \fBnpm pack\fR or \fBnpm publish\fR where it defaults to \fBtrue\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Run all build scripts (ie, \fBpreinstall\fR, \fBinstall\fR, and \fBpostinstall\fR) scripts for installed packages in the foreground process, sharing standard input, output, and error with the main npm process. .P Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier, but can be useful for debugging. .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBaudit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the default registry and all registries configured for scopes. See the documentation for npm help audit for details on what is submitted. .SS "\fBbin-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Tells npm to create symlinks (or \fB.cmd\fR shims on Windows) for package executables. .P Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix systems. .SS "\fBfund\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" displays the message at the end of each \fBnpm install\fR acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding. See npm help fund for details. .SS "\fBdry-run\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBdedupe\fR, \fBuninstall\fR, as well as \fBpack\fR and \fBpublish\fR. .P Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist-tags\fR, \fBowner\fR, etc. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help outdated .IP \(bu 4 npm help shrinkwrap .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help ls .RE 0 PK ! *.sz. . man1/npm-login.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-LOGIN" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-login\fR - Login to a registry user account .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm login .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Verify a user in the specified registry, and save the credentials to the \fB.npmrc\fR file. If no registry is specified, the default registry will be used (see npm help config). .P When using \fBlegacy\fR for your \fBauth-type\fR, the username and password, are read in from prompts. .P To reset your password, go to \fI\(lahttps://www.npmjs.com/forgot\(ra\fR .P To change your email address, go to \fI\(lahttps://www.npmjs.com/email-edit\(ra\fR .P You may use this command multiple times with the same user account to authorize on a new machine. When authenticating on a new machine, the username, password and email address must all match with your existing record. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBscope\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: the scope of the current project, if any, or "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Associate an operation with a scope for a scoped registry. .P Useful when logging in to or out of a private registry: .P .RS 2 .nf # log in, linking the scope to the custom registry npm login --scope=@mycorp --registry=https://registry.mycorp.com # log out, removing the link and the auth token npm logout --scope=@mycorp .fi .RE .P This will cause \fB@mycorp\fR to be mapped to the registry for future installation of packages specified according to the pattern \fB@mycorp/package\fR. .P This will also cause \fBnpm init\fR to create a scoped package. .P .RS 2 .nf # accept all defaults, and create a package named "@foo/whatever", # instead of just named "whatever" npm init --scope=@foo --yes .fi .RE .SS "\fBauth-type\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "web" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "legacy" or "web" .RE 0 .P What authentication strategy to use with \fBlogin\fR. Note that if an \fBotp\fR config is given, this value will always be set to \fBlegacy\fR. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help owner .IP \(bu 4 npm help whoami .IP \(bu 4 npm help token .IP \(bu 4 npm help profile .RE 0 PK ! g�s@ @ man1/npm.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm\fR - javascript package manager .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Version" .P 10.9.4 .SS "Description" .P npm is the package manager for the Node JavaScript platform. It puts modules in place so that node can find them, and manages dependency conflicts intelligently. .P It is extremely configurable to support a variety of use cases. Most commonly, you use it to publish, discover, install, and develop node programs. .P Run \fBnpm help\fR to get a list of available commands. .SS "Important" .P npm comes preconfigured to use npm's public registry at https://registry.npmjs.org by default. Use of the npm public registry is subject to terms of use available at https://docs.npmjs.com/policies/terms. .P You can configure npm to use any compatible registry you like, and even run your own registry. Use of someone else's registry is governed by their terms of use. .SS "Introduction" .P You probably got npm because you want to install stuff. .P The very first thing you will most likely want to run in any node program is \fBnpm install\fR to install its dependencies. .P You can also run \fBnpm install blerg\fR to install the latest version of "blerg". Check out npm help install for more info. It can do a lot of stuff. .P Use the \fBnpm search\fR command to show everything that's available in the public registry. Use \fBnpm ls\fR to show everything you've installed. .SS "Dependencies" .P If a package lists a dependency using a git URL, npm will install that dependency using the \fB\fBgit\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/git-guides/install-git\(ra\fR command and will generate an error if it is not installed. .P If one of the packages npm tries to install is a native node module and requires compiling of C++ Code, npm will use \fBnode-gyp\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp\(ra\fR for that task. For a Unix system, \fBnode-gyp\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp\(ra\fR needs Python, make and a buildchain like GCC. On Windows, Python and Microsoft Visual Studio C++ are needed. For more information visit \fBthe node-gyp repository\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp\(ra\fR and the \fBnode-gyp Wiki\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp/wiki\(ra\fR. .SS "Directories" .P See npm help folders to learn about where npm puts stuff. .P In particular, npm has two modes of operation: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 local mode: npm installs packages into the current project directory, which defaults to the current working directory. Packages install to \fB./node_modules\fR, and bins to \fB./node_modules/.bin\fR. .IP \(bu 4 global mode: npm installs packages into the install prefix at \fB$npm_config_prefix/lib/node_modules\fR and bins to \fB$npm_config_prefix/bin\fR. .RE 0 .P Local mode is the default. Use \fB-g\fR or \fB--global\fR on any command to run in global mode instead. .SS "Developer Usage" .P If you're using npm to develop and publish your code, check out the following help topics: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 json: Make a package.json file. See \fB\fBpackage.json\fR\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR. .IP \(bu 4 link: Links your current working code into Node's path, so that you don't have to reinstall every time you make a change. Use npm help link to do this. .IP \(bu 4 install: It's a good idea to install things if you don't need the symbolic link. Especially, installing other peoples code from the registry is done via npm help install .IP \(bu 4 adduser: Create an account or log in. When you do this, npm will store credentials in the user config file. .IP \(bu 4 publish: Use the npm help publish command to upload your code to the registry. .RE 0 .SS "Configuration" .P npm is extremely configurable. It reads its configuration options from 5 places. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Command line switches: Set a config with \fB--key val\fR. All keys take a value, even if they are booleans (the config parser doesn't know what the options are at the time of parsing). If you do not provide a value (\fB--key\fR) then the option is set to boolean \fBtrue\fR. .IP \(bu 4 Environment Variables: Set any config by prefixing the name in an environment variable with \fBnpm_config_\fR. For example, \fBexport npm_config_key=val\fR. .IP \(bu 4 User Configs: The file at \fB$HOME/.npmrc\fR is an ini-formatted list of configs. If present, it is parsed. If the \fBuserconfig\fR option is set in the cli or env, that file will be used instead. .IP \(bu 4 Global Configs: The file found at \fB./etc/npmrc\fR (relative to the global prefix will be parsed if it is found. See npm help prefix for more info on the global prefix. If the \fBglobalconfig\fR option is set in the cli, env, or user config, then that file is parsed instead. .IP \(bu 4 Defaults: npm's default configuration options are defined in \fBlib/utils/config/definitions.js\fR. These must not be changed. .RE 0 .P See npm help config for much much more information. .SS "Contributions" .P Patches welcome! .P If you would like to help, but don't know what to work on, read the \fBcontributing guidelines\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/cli/blob/latest/CONTRIBUTING.md\(ra\fR and check the issues list. .SS "Bugs" .P When you find issues, please report them: \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/cli/issues\(ra\fR .P Please be sure to follow the template and bug reporting guidelines. .SS "Feature Requests" .P Discuss new feature ideas on our discussion forum: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fI\(lahttps://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/categories/npm\(ra\fR .RE 0 .P Or suggest formal RFC proposals: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/rfcs\(ra\fR .RE 0 .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help help .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help prefix .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .RE 0 PK ! ��G`b b man1/npm-profile.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-PROFILE" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-profile\fR - Change settings on your registry profile .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm profile enable-2fa \[lB]auth-only|auth-and-writes\[rB] npm profile disable-2fa npm profile get \[lB]<key>\[rB] npm profile set <key> <value> .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Change your profile information on the registry. Note that this command depends on the registry implementation, so third-party registries may not support this interface. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm profile get \[lB]<property>\[rB]\fR: Display all of the properties of your profile, or one or more specific properties. It looks like: .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf name: example email: e@example.com (verified) two-factor auth: auth-and-writes fullname: Example User homepage: freenode: twitter: github: created: 2015-02-26T01:38:35.892Z updated: 2017-10-02T21:29:45.922Z .fi .RE .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm profile set <property> <value>\fR: Set the value of a profile property. You can set the following properties this way: email, fullname, homepage, freenode, twitter, github .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm profile set password\fR: Change your password. This is interactive, you'll be prompted for your current password and a new password. You'll also be prompted for an OTP if you have two-factor authentication enabled. .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm profile enable-2fa \[lB]auth-and-writes|auth-only\[rB]\fR: Enables two-factor authentication. Defaults to \fBauth-and-writes\fR mode. Modes are: .RS 4 .IP \(bu 4 \fBauth-only\fR: Require an OTP when logging in or making changes to your account's authentication. The OTP will be required on both the website and the command line. .IP \(bu 4 \fBauth-and-writes\fR: Requires an OTP at all the times \fBauth-only\fR does, and also requires one when publishing a module, setting the \fBlatest\fR dist-tag, or changing access via \fBnpm access\fR and \fBnpm owner\fR. .RE 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm profile disable-2fa\fR: Disables two-factor authentication. .RE 0 .SS "Details" .P Some of these commands may not be available on non npmjs.com registries. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBparseable\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Output parseable results from commands that write to standard output. For \fBnpm search\fR, this will be tab-separated table format. .SS "\fBotp\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P This is a one-time password from a two-factor authenticator. It's needed when publishing or changing package permissions with \fBnpm access\fR. .P If not set, and a registry response fails with a challenge for a one-time password, npm will prompt on the command line for one. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help adduser .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help owner .IP \(bu 4 npm help whoami .IP \(bu 4 npm help token .RE 0 PK ! �гk+ k+ man1/npm-init.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-INIT" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-init\fR - Create a package.json file .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm init <package-spec> (same as `npx create-<package-spec>`) npm init <@scope> (same as `npx <@scope>/create`) aliases: create, innit .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P \fBnpm init <initializer>\fR can be used to set up a new or existing npm package. .P \fBinitializer\fR in this case is an npm package named \fBcreate-<initializer>\fR, which will be installed by npm help npm-exec, and then have its main bin executed -- presumably creating or updating \fBpackage.json\fR and running any other initialization-related operations. .P The init command is transformed to a corresponding \fBnpm exec\fR operation as follows: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm init foo\fR -> \fBnpm exec create-foo\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm init @usr/foo\fR -> \fBnpm exec @usr/create-foo\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm init @usr\fR -> \fBnpm exec @usr/create\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm init @usr@2.0.0\fR -> \fBnpm exec @usr/create@2.0.0\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm init @usr/foo@2.0.0\fR -> \fBnpm exec @usr/create-foo@2.0.0\fR .RE 0 .P If the initializer is omitted (by just calling \fBnpm init\fR), init will fall back to legacy init behavior. It will ask you a bunch of questions, and then write a package.json for you. It will attempt to make reasonable guesses based on existing fields, dependencies, and options selected. It is strictly additive, so it will keep any fields and values that were already set. You can also use \fB-y\fR/\fB--yes\fR to skip the questionnaire altogether. If you pass \fB--scope\fR, it will create a scoped package. .P \fINote:\fR if a user already has the \fBcreate-<initializer>\fR package globally installed, that will be what \fBnpm init\fR uses. If you want npm to use the latest version, or another specific version you must specify it: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm init foo@latest\fR # fetches and runs the latest \fBcreate-foo\fR from the registry .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm init foo@1.2.3\fR # runs \fBcreate-foo@1.2.3\fR specifically .RE 0 .SS "Forwarding additional options" .P Any additional options will be passed directly to the command, so \fBnpm init foo -- --hello\fR will map to \fBnpm exec -- create-foo --hello\fR. .P To better illustrate how options are forwarded, here's a more evolved example showing options passed to both the \fBnpm cli\fR and a create package, both following commands are equivalent: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm init foo -y --registry=<url> -- --hello -a\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm exec -y --registry=<url> -- create-foo --hello -a\fR .RE 0 .SS "Examples" .P Create a new React-based project using \fB\fBcreate-react-app\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://npm.im/create-react-app\(ra\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm init react-app ./my-react-app .fi .RE .P Create a new \fBesm\fR-compatible package using \fB\fBcreate-esm\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://npm.im/create-esm\(ra\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf $ mkdir my-esm-lib && cd my-esm-lib $ npm init esm --yes .fi .RE .P Generate a plain old package.json using legacy init: .P .RS 2 .nf $ mkdir my-npm-pkg && cd my-npm-pkg $ git init $ npm init .fi .RE .P Generate it without having it ask any questions: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm init -y .fi .RE .SS "Workspaces support" .P It's possible to create a new workspace within your project by using the \fBworkspace\fR config option. When using \fBnpm init -w <dir>\fR the cli will create the folders and boilerplate expected while also adding a reference to your project \fBpackage.json\fR \fB"workspaces": \[lB]\[rB]\fR property in order to make sure that new generated \fBworkspace\fR is properly set up as such. .P Given a project with no workspaces, e.g: .P .RS 2 .nf . +-- package.json .fi .RE .P You may generate a new workspace using the legacy init: .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm init -w packages/a .fi .RE .P That will generate a new folder and \fBpackage.json\fR file, while also updating your top-level \fBpackage.json\fR to add the reference to this new workspace: .P .RS 2 .nf . +-- package.json `-- packages `-- a `-- package.json .fi .RE .P The workspaces init also supports the \fBnpm init <initializer> -w <dir>\fR syntax, following the same set of rules explained earlier in the initial \fBDescription\fR section of this page. Similar to the previous example of creating a new React-based project using \fB\fBcreate-react-app\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://npm.im/create-react-app\(ra\fR, the following syntax will make sure to create the new react app as a nested \fBworkspace\fR within your project and configure your \fBpackage.json\fR to recognize it as such: .P .RS 2 .nf npm init -w packages/my-react-app react-app . .fi .RE .P This will make sure to generate your react app as expected, one important consideration to have in mind is that \fBnpm exec\fR is going to be run in the context of the newly created folder for that workspace, and that's the reason why in this example the initializer uses the initializer name followed with a dot to represent the current directory in that context, e.g: \fBreact-app .\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf . +-- package.json `-- packages +-- a | `-- package.json `-- my-react-app +-- README +-- package.json `-- ... .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBinit-author-name\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The value \fBnpm init\fR should use by default for the package author's name. .SS "\fBinit-author-url\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "" or URL .RE 0 .P The value \fBnpm init\fR should use by default for the package author's homepage. .SS "\fBinit-license\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "ISC" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The value \fBnpm init\fR should use by default for the package license. .SS "\fBinit-module\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "~/.npm-init.js" .IP \(bu 4 Type: Path .RE 0 .P A module that will be loaded by the \fBnpm init\fR command. See the documentation for the \fBinit-package-json\fR \fI\(lahttps://github.com/npm/init-package-json\(ra\fR module for more information, or npm help init. .SS "\fBinit-version\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "1.0.0" .IP \(bu 4 Type: SemVer string .RE 0 .P The value that \fBnpm init\fR should use by default for the package version number, if not already set in package.json. .SS "\fByes\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Automatically answer "yes" to any prompts that npm might print on the command line. .SS "\fBforce\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Removes various protections against unfortunate side effects, common mistakes, unnecessary performance degradation, and malicious input. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Allow clobbering non-npm files in global installs. .IP \(bu 4 Allow the \fBnpm version\fR command to work on an unclean git repository. .IP \(bu 4 Allow deleting the cache folder with \fBnpm cache clean\fR. .IP \(bu 4 Allow installing packages that have an \fBengines\fR declaration requiring a different version of npm. .IP \(bu 4 Allow installing packages that have an \fBengines\fR declaration requiring a different version of \fBnode\fR, even if \fB--engine-strict\fR is enabled. .IP \(bu 4 Allow \fBnpm audit fix\fR to install modules outside your stated dependency range (including SemVer-major changes). .IP \(bu 4 Allow unpublishing all versions of a published package. .IP \(bu 4 Allow conflicting peerDependencies to be installed in the root project. .IP \(bu 4 Implicitly set \fB--yes\fR during \fBnpm init\fR. .IP \(bu 4 Allow clobbering existing values in \fBnpm pkg\fR .IP \(bu 4 Allow unpublishing of entire packages (not just a single version). .RE 0 .P If you don't have a clear idea of what you want to do, it is strongly recommended that you do not use this option! .SS "\fBscope\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: the scope of the current project, if any, or "" .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Associate an operation with a scope for a scoped registry. .P Useful when logging in to or out of a private registry: .P .RS 2 .nf # log in, linking the scope to the custom registry npm login --scope=@mycorp --registry=https://registry.mycorp.com # log out, removing the link and the auth token npm logout --scope=@mycorp .fi .RE .P This will cause \fB@mycorp\fR to be mapped to the registry for future installation of packages specified according to the pattern \fB@mycorp/package\fR. .P This will also cause \fBnpm init\fR to create a scoped package. .P .RS 2 .nf # accept all defaults, and create a package named "@foo/whatever", # instead of just named "whatever" npm init --scope=@foo --yes .fi .RE .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces-update\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, the npm cli will run an update after operations that may possibly change the workspaces installed to the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 \fBinit-package-json module\fR \fI\(lahttp://npm.im/init-package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help version .IP \(bu 4 npm help scope .IP \(bu 4 npm help exec .IP \(bu 4 npm help workspaces .RE 0 PK ! ��#�V V man1/npm-ping.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-PING" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-ping\fR - Ping npm registry .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm ping .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Ping the configured or given npm registry and verify authentication. If it works it will output something like: .P .RS 2 .nf npm notice PING https://registry.npmjs.org/ npm notice PONG 255ms .fi .RE .P otherwise you will get an error: .P .RS 2 .nf npm notice PING http://foo.com/ npm ERR! code E404 npm ERR! 404 Not Found - GET http://www.foo.com/-/ping?write=true .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help doctor .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .RE 0 PK ! 4w�') ) man1/npm-pack.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-PACK" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-pack\fR - Create a tarball from a package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm pack <package-spec> .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBdry-run\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBdedupe\fR, \fBuninstall\fR, as well as \fBpack\fR and \fBpublish\fR. .P Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist-tags\fR, \fBowner\fR, etc. .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBpack-destination\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "." .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P Directory in which \fBnpm pack\fR will save tarballs. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "Description" .P For anything that's installable (that is, a package folder, tarball, tarball url, git url, name@tag, name@version, name, or scoped name), this command will fetch it to the cache, copy the tarball to the current working directory as \fB<name>-<version>.tgz\fR, and then write the filenames out to stdout. .P If the same package is specified multiple times, then the file will be overwritten the second time. .P If no arguments are supplied, then npm packs the current package folder. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm-packlist package\fR \fI\(lahttp://npm.im/npm-packlist\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help cache .IP \(bu 4 npm help publish .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .RE 0 PK ! Ǧdd�$ �$ man1/npm-ls.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-LS" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-ls\fR - List installed packages .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm ls <package-spec> alias: list .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command will print to stdout all the versions of packages that are installed, as well as their dependencies when \fB--all\fR is specified, in a tree structure. .P Note: to get a "bottoms up" view of why a given package is included in the tree at all, use npm help explain. .P Positional arguments are \fBname@version-range\fR identifiers, which will limit the results to only the paths to the packages named. Note that nested packages will \fIalso\fR show the paths to the specified packages. For example, running \fBnpm ls promzard\fR in npm's source tree will show: .P .RS 2 .nf npm@10.9.4 /path/to/npm └─┬ init-package-json@0.0.4 └── promzard@0.1.5 .fi .RE .P It will print out extraneous, missing, and invalid packages. .P If a project specifies git urls for dependencies these are shown in parentheses after the \fBname@version\fR to make it easier for users to recognize potential forks of a project. .P The tree shown is the logical dependency tree, based on package dependencies, not the physical layout of your \fBnode_modules\fR folder. .P When run as \fBll\fR or \fBla\fR, it shows extended information by default. .SS "Note: Design Changes Pending" .P The \fBnpm ls\fR command's output and behavior made a \fIton\fR of sense when npm created a \fBnode_modules\fR folder that naively nested every dependency. In such a case, the logical dependency graph and physical tree of packages on disk would be roughly identical. .P With the advent of automatic install-time deduplication of dependencies in npm v3, the \fBls\fR output was modified to display the logical dependency graph as a tree structure, since this was more useful to most users. However, without using \fBnpm ls -l\fR, it became impossible to show \fIwhere\fR a package was actually installed much of the time! .P With the advent of automatic installation of \fBpeerDependencies\fR in npm v7, this gets even more curious, as \fBpeerDependencies\fR are logically "underneath" their dependents in the dependency graph, but are always physically at or above their location on disk. .P Also, in the years since npm got an \fBls\fR command (in version 0.0.2!), dependency graphs have gotten much larger as a general rule. Therefore, in order to avoid dumping an excessive amount of content to the terminal, \fBnpm ls\fR now only shows the \fItop\fR level dependencies, unless \fB--all\fR is provided. .P A thorough re-examination of the use cases, intention, behavior, and output of this command, is currently underway. Expect significant changes to at least the default human-readable \fBnpm ls\fR output in npm v8. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBall\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When running \fBnpm outdated\fR and \fBnpm ls\fR, setting \fB--all\fR will show all outdated or installed packages, rather than only those directly depended upon by the current project. .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBlong\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Show extended information in \fBls\fR, \fBsearch\fR, and \fBhelp-search\fR. .SS "\fBparseable\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Output parseable results from commands that write to standard output. For \fBnpm search\fR, this will be tab-separated table format. .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBdepth\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBInfinity\fR if \fB--all\fR is set, otherwise \fB1\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Number .RE 0 .P The depth to go when recursing packages for \fBnpm ls\fR. .P If not set, \fBnpm ls\fR will show only the immediate dependencies of the root project. If \fB--all\fR is set, then npm will show all dependencies by default. .SS "\fBomit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty. .IP \(bu 4 Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk. .P Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. They are just not physically installed on disk. .P If a package type appears in both the \fB--include\fR and \fB--omit\fR lists, then it will be included. .P If the resulting omit list includes \fB'dev'\fR, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable will be set to \fB'production'\fR for all lifecycle scripts. .SS "\fBinclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: "prod", "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install. .P This is the inverse of \fB--omit=<type>\fR. .P Dependency types specified in \fB--include\fR will not be omitted, regardless of the order in which omit/include are specified on the command-line. .SS "\fBlink\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Used with \fBnpm ls\fR, limiting output to only those packages that are linked. .SS "\fBpackage-lock-only\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to true, the current operation will only use the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, ignoring \fBnode_modules\fR. .P For \fBupdate\fR this means only the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR will be updated, instead of checking \fBnode_modules\fR and downloading dependencies. .P For \fBlist\fR this means the output will be based on the tree described by the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR, rather than the contents of \fBnode_modules\fR. .SS "\fBunicode\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false on windows, true on mac/unix systems with a unicode locale, as defined by the \fBLC_ALL\fR, \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, or \fBLANG\fR environment variables. .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set to true, npm uses unicode characters in the tree output. When false, it uses ascii characters instead of unicode glyphs. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help explain .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help explain .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help link .IP \(bu 4 npm help prune .IP \(bu 4 npm help outdated .IP \(bu 4 npm help update .RE 0 PK ! �/C=� � man1/npm-outdated.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-OUTDATED" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-outdated\fR - Check for outdated packages .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm outdated \[lB]<package-spec> ...\[rB] .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command will check the registry to see if any (or, specific) installed packages are currently outdated. .P By default, only the direct dependencies of the root project and direct dependencies of your configured \fIworkspaces\fR are shown. Use \fB--all\fR to find all outdated meta-dependencies as well. .P In the output: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBwanted\fR is the maximum version of the package that satisfies the semver range specified in \fBpackage.json\fR. If there's no available semver range (i.e. you're running \fBnpm outdated --global\fR, or the package isn't included in \fBpackage.json\fR), then \fBwanted\fR shows the currently-installed version. .IP \(bu 4 \fBlatest\fR is the version of the package tagged as latest in the registry. Running \fBnpm publish\fR with no special configuration will publish the package with a dist-tag of \fBlatest\fR. This may or may not be the maximum version of the package, or the most-recently published version of the package, depending on how the package's developer manages the latest npm help dist-tag. .IP \(bu 4 \fBlocation\fR is where in the physical tree the package is located. .IP \(bu 4 \fBdepended by\fR shows which package depends on the displayed dependency .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage type\fR (when using \fB--long\fR / \fB-l\fR) tells you whether this package is a \fBdependency\fR or a dev/peer/optional dependency. Packages not included in \fBpackage.json\fR are always marked \fBdependencies\fR. .IP \(bu 4 \fBhomepage\fR (when using \fB--long\fR / \fB-l\fR) is the \fBhomepage\fR value contained in the package's packument .IP \(bu 4 Red means there's a newer version matching your semver requirements, so you should update now. .IP \(bu 4 Yellow indicates that there's a newer version \fIabove\fR your semver requirements (usually new major, or new 0.x minor) so proceed with caution. .RE 0 .SS "An example" .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm outdated Package Current Wanted Latest Location Depended by glob 5.0.15 5.0.15 6.0.1 node_modules/glob dependent-package-name nothingness 0.0.3 git git node_modules/nothingness dependent-package-name npm 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.1 node_modules/npm dependent-package-name local-dev 0.0.3 linked linked local-dev dependent-package-name once 1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.3 node_modules/once dependent-package-name .fi .RE .P With these \fBdependencies\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf { "glob": "^5.0.15", "nothingness": "github:othiym23/nothingness#master", "npm": "^3.5.1", "once": "^1.3.1" } .fi .RE .P A few things to note: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBglob\fR requires \fB^5\fR, which prevents npm from installing \fBglob@6\fR, which is outside the semver range. .IP \(bu 4 Git dependencies will always be reinstalled, because of how they're specified. The installed committish might satisfy the dependency specifier (if it's something immutable, like a commit SHA), or it might not, so \fBnpm outdated\fR and \fBnpm update\fR have to fetch Git repos to check. This is why currently doing a reinstall of a Git dependency always forces a new clone and install. .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm@3.5.2\fR is marked as "wanted", but "latest" is \fBnpm@3.5.1\fR because npm uses dist-tags to manage its \fBlatest\fR and \fBnext\fR release channels. \fBnpm update\fR will install the \fInewest\fR version, but \fBnpm install npm\fR (with no semver range) will install whatever's tagged as \fBlatest\fR. .IP \(bu 4 \fBonce\fR is just plain out of date. Reinstalling \fBnode_modules\fR from scratch or running \fBnpm update\fR will bring it up to spec. .RE 0 .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBall\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When running \fBnpm outdated\fR and \fBnpm ls\fR, setting \fB--all\fR will show all outdated or installed packages, rather than only those directly depended upon by the current project. .SS "\fBjson\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Whether or not to output JSON data, rather than the normal output. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 In \fBnpm pkg set\fR it enables parsing set values with JSON.parse() before saving them to your \fBpackage.json\fR. .RE 0 .P Not supported by all npm commands. .SS "\fBlong\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Show extended information in \fBls\fR, \fBsearch\fR, and \fBhelp-search\fR. .SS "\fBparseable\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Output parseable results from commands that write to standard output. For \fBnpm search\fR, this will be tab-separated table format. .SS "\fBglobal\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Operates in "global" mode, so that packages are installed into the \fBprefix\fR folder instead of the current working directory. See npm help folders for more on the differences in behavior. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 packages are installed into the \fB{prefix}/lib/node_modules\fR folder, instead of the current working directory. .IP \(bu 4 bin files are linked to \fB{prefix}/bin\fR .IP \(bu 4 man pages are linked to \fB{prefix}/share/man\fR .RE 0 .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help "package spec" .IP \(bu 4 npm help update .IP \(bu 4 npm help dist-tag .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help workspaces .RE 0 PK ! 3���' �' man1/npm-ci.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-CI" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-ci\fR - Clean install a project .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm ci aliases: clean-install, ic, install-clean, isntall-clean .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This command is similar to npm help install, except it's meant to be used in automated environments such as test platforms, continuous integration, and deployment -- or any situation where you want to make sure you're doing a clean install of your dependencies. .P The main differences between using \fBnpm install\fR and \fBnpm ci\fR are: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 The project \fBmust\fR have an existing \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR. .IP \(bu 4 If dependencies in the package lock do not match those in \fBpackage.json\fR, \fBnpm ci\fR will exit with an error, instead of updating the package lock. .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm ci\fR can only install entire projects at a time: individual dependencies cannot be added with this command. .IP \(bu 4 If a \fBnode_modules\fR is already present, it will be automatically removed before \fBnpm ci\fR begins its install. .IP \(bu 4 It will never write to \fBpackage.json\fR or any of the package-locks: installs are essentially frozen. .RE 0 .P NOTE: If you create your \fBpackage-lock.json\fR file by running \fBnpm install\fR with flags that can affect the shape of your dependency tree, such as \fB--legacy-peer-deps\fR or \fB--install-links\fR, you \fImust\fR provide the same flags to \fBnpm ci\fR or you are likely to encounter errors. An easy way to do this is to run, for example, \fBnpm config set legacy-peer-deps=true --location=project\fR and commit the \fB.npmrc\fR file to your repo. .SS "Example" .P Make sure you have a package-lock and an up-to-date install: .P .RS 2 .nf $ cd ./my/npm/project $ npm install added 154 packages in 10s $ ls | grep package-lock .fi .RE .P Run \fBnpm ci\fR in that project .P .RS 2 .nf $ npm ci added 154 packages in 5s .fi .RE .P Configure Travis CI to build using \fBnpm ci\fR instead of \fBnpm install\fR: .P .RS 2 .nf # .travis.yml install: - npm ci # keep the npm cache around to speed up installs cache: directories: - "$HOME/.npm" .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBinstall-strategy\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "hoisted" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "hoisted", "nested", "shallow", or "linked" .RE 0 .P Sets the strategy for installing packages in node_modules. hoisted (default): Install non-duplicated in top-level, and duplicated as necessary within directory structure. nested: (formerly --legacy-bundling) install in place, no hoisting. shallow (formerly --global-style) only install direct deps at top-level. linked: (experimental) install in node_modules/.store, link in place, unhoisted. .SS "\fBlegacy-bundling\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR .RE 0 .P Instead of hoisting package installs in \fBnode_modules\fR, install packages in the same manner that they are depended on. This may cause very deep directory structures and duplicate package installs as there is no de-duplicating. Sets \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR. .SS "\fBglobal-style\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR .RE 0 .P Only install direct dependencies in the top level \fBnode_modules\fR, but hoist on deeper dependencies. Sets \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR. .SS "\fBomit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty. .IP \(bu 4 Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk. .P Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. They are just not physically installed on disk. .P If a package type appears in both the \fB--include\fR and \fB--omit\fR lists, then it will be included. .P If the resulting omit list includes \fB'dev'\fR, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable will be set to \fB'production'\fR for all lifecycle scripts. .SS "\fBinclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: "prod", "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install. .P This is the inverse of \fB--omit=<type>\fR. .P Dependency types specified in \fB--include\fR will not be omitted, regardless of the order in which omit/include are specified on the command-line. .SS "\fBstrict-peer-deps\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to \fBtrue\fR, and \fB--legacy-peer-deps\fR is not set, then \fIany\fR conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR will be treated as an install failure, even if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on non-peer dependency relationships. .P By default, conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR deep in the dependency graph will be resolved using the nearest non-peer dependency specification, even if doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency outside the range set in their package's \fBpeerDependencies\fR object. .P When such an override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the conflict and the packages involved. If \fB--strict-peer-deps\fR is set, then this warning is treated as a failure. .SS "\fBforeground-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: \fBfalse\fR unless when using \fBnpm pack\fR or \fBnpm publish\fR where it defaults to \fBtrue\fR .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Run all build scripts (ie, \fBpreinstall\fR, \fBinstall\fR, and \fBpostinstall\fR) scripts for installed packages in the foreground process, sharing standard input, output, and error with the main npm process. .P Note that this will generally make installs run slower, and be much noisier, but can be useful for debugging. .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBaudit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the default registry and all registries configured for scopes. See the documentation for npm help audit for details on what is submitted. .SS "\fBbin-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Tells npm to create symlinks (or \fB.cmd\fR shims on Windows) for package executables. .P Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix systems. .SS "\fBfund\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" displays the message at the end of each \fBnpm install\fR acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding. See npm help fund for details. .SS "\fBdry-run\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBdedupe\fR, \fBuninstall\fR, as well as \fBpack\fR and \fBpublish\fR. .P Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist-tags\fR, \fBowner\fR, etc. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage-lock.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-lock-json\(ra\fR .RE 0 PK ! �J��0 0 man1/npm-start.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-START" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-start\fR - Start a package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm start \[lB]-- <args>\[rB] .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P This runs a predefined command specified in the \fB"start"\fR property of a package's \fB"scripts"\fR object. .P If the \fB"scripts"\fR object does not define a \fB"start"\fR property, npm will run \fBnode server.js\fR. .P Note that this is different from the default node behavior of running the file specified in a package's \fB"main"\fR attribute when evoking with \fBnode .\fR .P As of \fB\fBnpm@2.0.0\fR\fR \fI\(lahttps://blog.npmjs.org/post/98131109725/npm-2-0-0\(ra\fR, you can use custom arguments when executing scripts. Refer to npm help run-script for more details. .SS "Example" .P .RS 2 .nf { "scripts": { "start": "node foo.js" } } .fi .RE .P .RS 2 .nf npm start > npm@x.x.x start > node foo.js (foo.js output would be here) .fi .RE .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBscript-shell\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: '/bin/sh' on POSIX systems, 'cmd.exe' on Windows .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P The shell to use for scripts run with the \fBnpm exec\fR, \fBnpm run\fR and \fBnpm init <package-spec>\fR commands. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help run-script .IP \(bu 4 npm help scripts .IP \(bu 4 npm help test .IP \(bu 4 npm help restart .IP \(bu 4 npm help stop .RE 0 PK ! s�zP P man1/npm-help.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-HELP" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-help\fR - Get help on npm .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm help <term> \[lB]<terms..>\[rB] alias: hlep .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P If supplied a topic, then show the appropriate documentation page. .P If the topic does not exist, or if multiple terms are provided, then npm will run the \fBhelp-search\fR command to find a match. Note that, if \fBhelp-search\fR finds a single subject, then it will run \fBhelp\fR on that topic, so unique matches are equivalent to specifying a topic name. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBviewer\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "man" on Posix, "browser" on Windows .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The program to use to view help content. .P Set to \fB"browser"\fR to view html help content in the default web browser. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help npm .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 \fBpackage.json\fR \fI\(la/configuring-npm/package-json\(ra\fR .IP \(bu 4 npm help help-search .RE 0 PK ! �� ޡ � man1/npm-edit.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-EDIT" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-edit\fR - Edit an installed package .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm edit <pkg>\[lB]/<subpkg>...\[rB] .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Selects a dependency in the current project and opens the package folder in the default editor (or whatever you've configured as the npm \fBeditor\fR config -- see \fB\fBnpm-config\fR\fR \fI\(lanpm-config\(ra\fR.) .P After it has been edited, the package is rebuilt so as to pick up any changes in compiled packages. .P For instance, you can do \fBnpm install connect\fR to install connect into your package, and then \fBnpm edit connect\fR to make a few changes to your locally installed copy. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBeditor\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: The EDITOR or VISUAL environment variables, or '%SYSTEMROOT%\[rs]notepad.exe' on Windows, or 'vi' on Unix systems .IP \(bu 4 Type: String .RE 0 .P The command to run for \fBnpm edit\fR and \fBnpm config edit\fR. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help folders .IP \(bu 4 npm help explore .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .RE 0 PK ! 3��1� � man1/npm-completion.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-COMPLETION" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-completion\fR - Tab Completion for npm .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm completion .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P Enables tab-completion in all npm commands. .P The synopsis above loads the completions into your current shell. Adding it to your ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc will make the completions available everywhere: .P .RS 2 .nf npm completion >> ~/.bashrc npm completion >> ~/.zshrc .fi .RE .P You may of course also pipe the output of \fBnpm completion\fR to a file such as \fB/usr/local/etc/bash_completion.d/npm\fR or \fB/etc/bash_completion.d/npm\fR if you have a system that will read that file for you. .P When \fBCOMP_CWORD\fR, \fBCOMP_LINE\fR, and \fBCOMP_POINT\fR are defined in the environment, \fBnpm completion\fR acts in "plumbing mode", and outputs completions based on the arguments. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help developers .IP \(bu 4 npm help npm .RE 0 PK ! ��w w man1/npm-token.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-TOKEN" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-token\fR - Manage your authentication tokens .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm token list npm token revoke <id|token> npm token create \[lB]--read-only\[rB] \[lB]--cidr=list\[rB] .fi .RE .P Note: This command is unaware of workspaces. .SS "Description" .P This lets you list, create and revoke authentication tokens. .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm token list\fR: Shows a table of all active authentication tokens. You can request this as JSON with \fB--json\fR or tab-separated values with \fB--parseable\fR. .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf Read only token npm_1f… with id 7f3134 created 2017-10-21 Publish token npm_af… with id c03241 created 2017-10-02 with IP Whitelist: 192.168.0.1/24 Publish token npm_… with id e0cf92 created 2017-10-02 .fi .RE .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm token create \[lB]--read-only\[rB] \[lB]--cidr=<cidr-ranges>\[rB]\fR: Create a new authentication token. It can be \fB--read-only\fR, or accept a list of \fBCIDR\fR \fI\(lahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classless_Inter-Domain_Routing\(ra\fR ranges with which to limit use of this token. This will prompt you for your password, and, if you have two-factor authentication enabled, an otp. .P Currently, the cli can not generate automation tokens. Please refer to the \fBdocs website\fR \fI\(lahttps://docs.npmjs.com/creating-and-viewing-access-tokens\(ra\fR for more information on generating automation tokens. .RE 0 .P .RS 2 .nf Created publish token a73c9572-f1b9-8983-983d-ba3ac3cc913d .fi .RE .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 \fBnpm token revoke <token|id>\fR: Immediately removes an authentication token from the registry. You will no longer be able to use it. This can accept both complete tokens (such as those you get back from \fBnpm token create\fR, and those found in your \fB.npmrc\fR), and ids as seen in the parseable or json output of \fBnpm token list\fR. This will NOT accept the truncated token found in the normal \fBnpm token list\fR output. .RE 0 .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBread-only\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P This is used to mark a token as unable to publish when configuring limited access tokens with the \fBnpm token create\fR command. .SS "\fBcidr\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P This is a list of CIDR address to be used when configuring limited access tokens with the \fBnpm token create\fR command. .SS "\fBregistry\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "https://registry.npmjs.org/" .IP \(bu 4 Type: URL .RE 0 .P The base URL of the npm registry. .SS "\fBotp\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or String .RE 0 .P This is a one-time password from a two-factor authenticator. It's needed when publishing or changing package permissions with \fBnpm access\fR. .P If not set, and a registry response fails with a challenge for a one-time password, npm will prompt on the command line for one. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help adduser .IP \(bu 4 npm help registry .IP \(bu 4 npm help config .IP \(bu 4 npm help npmrc .IP \(bu 4 npm help owner .IP \(bu 4 npm help whoami .IP \(bu 4 npm help profile .RE 0 PK ! �,�$�& �& man1/npm-dedupe.1nu �[��� .TH "NPM-DEDUPE" "1" "September 2025" "NPM@10.9.4" "" .SH "NAME" \fBnpm-dedupe\fR - Reduce duplication in the package tree .SS "Synopsis" .P .RS 2 .nf npm dedupe alias: ddp .fi .RE .SS "Description" .P Searches the local package tree and attempts to simplify the overall structure by moving dependencies further up the tree, where they can be more effectively shared by multiple dependent packages. .P For example, consider this dependency graph: .P .RS 2 .nf a +-- b <-- depends on c@1.0.x | `-- c@1.0.3 `-- d <-- depends on c@~1.0.9 `-- c@1.0.10 .fi .RE .P In this case, \fBnpm dedupe\fR will transform the tree to: .P .RS 2 .nf a +-- b +-- d `-- c@1.0.10 .fi .RE .P Because of the hierarchical nature of node's module lookup, b and d will both get their dependency met by the single c package at the root level of the tree. .P In some cases, you may have a dependency graph like this: .P .RS 2 .nf a +-- b <-- depends on c@1.0.x +-- c@1.0.3 `-- d <-- depends on c@1.x `-- c@1.9.9 .fi .RE .P During the installation process, the \fBc@1.0.3\fR dependency for \fBb\fR was placed in the root of the tree. Though \fBd\fR's dependency on \fBc@1.x\fR could have been satisfied by \fBc@1.0.3\fR, the newer \fBc@1.9.0\fR dependency was used, because npm favors updates by default, even when doing so causes duplication. .P Running \fBnpm dedupe\fR will cause npm to note the duplication and re-evaluate, deleting the nested \fBc\fR module, because the one in the root is sufficient. .P To prefer deduplication over novelty during the installation process, run \fBnpm install --prefer-dedupe\fR or \fBnpm config set prefer-dedupe true\fR. .P Arguments are ignored. Dedupe always acts on the entire tree. .P Note that this operation transforms the dependency tree, but will never result in new modules being installed. .P Using \fBnpm find-dupes\fR will run the command in \fB--dry-run\fR mode. .P Note: \fBnpm dedupe\fR will never update the semver values of direct dependencies in your project \fBpackage.json\fR, if you want to update values in \fBpackage.json\fR you can run: \fBnpm update --save\fR instead. .SS "Configuration" .SS "\fBinstall-strategy\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: "hoisted" .IP \(bu 4 Type: "hoisted", "nested", "shallow", or "linked" .RE 0 .P Sets the strategy for installing packages in node_modules. hoisted (default): Install non-duplicated in top-level, and duplicated as necessary within directory structure. nested: (formerly --legacy-bundling) install in place, no hoisting. shallow (formerly --global-style) only install direct deps at top-level. linked: (experimental) install in node_modules/.store, link in place, unhoisted. .SS "\fBlegacy-bundling\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR .RE 0 .P Instead of hoisting package installs in \fBnode_modules\fR, install packages in the same manner that they are depended on. This may cause very deep directory structures and duplicate package installs as there is no de-duplicating. Sets \fB--install-strategy=nested\fR. .SS "\fBglobal-style\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .IP \(bu 4 DEPRECATED: This option has been deprecated in favor of \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR .RE 0 .P Only install direct dependencies in the top level \fBnode_modules\fR, but hoist on deeper dependencies. Sets \fB--install-strategy=shallow\fR. .SS "\fBstrict-peer-deps\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to \fBtrue\fR, and \fB--legacy-peer-deps\fR is not set, then \fIany\fR conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR will be treated as an install failure, even if npm could reasonably guess the appropriate resolution based on non-peer dependency relationships. .P By default, conflicting \fBpeerDependencies\fR deep in the dependency graph will be resolved using the nearest non-peer dependency specification, even if doing so will result in some packages receiving a peer dependency outside the range set in their package's \fBpeerDependencies\fR object. .P When such an override is performed, a warning is printed, explaining the conflict and the packages involved. If \fB--strict-peer-deps\fR is set, then this warning is treated as a failure. .SS "\fBpackage-lock\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If set to false, then ignore \fBpackage-lock.json\fR files when installing. This will also prevent \fIwriting\fR \fBpackage-lock.json\fR if \fBsave\fR is true. .SS "\fBomit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: 'dev' if the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable is set to 'production', otherwise empty. .IP \(bu 4 Type: "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Dependency types to omit from the installation tree on disk. .P Note that these dependencies \fIare\fR still resolved and added to the \fBpackage-lock.json\fR or \fBnpm-shrinkwrap.json\fR file. They are just not physically installed on disk. .P If a package type appears in both the \fB--include\fR and \fB--omit\fR lists, then it will be included. .P If the resulting omit list includes \fB'dev'\fR, then the \fBNODE_ENV\fR environment variable will be set to \fB'production'\fR for all lifecycle scripts. .SS "\fBinclude\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: "prod", "dev", "optional", or "peer" (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Option that allows for defining which types of dependencies to install. .P This is the inverse of \fB--omit=<type>\fR. .P Dependency types specified in \fB--include\fR will not be omitted, regardless of the order in which omit/include are specified on the command-line. .SS "\fBignore-scripts\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P If true, npm does not run scripts specified in package.json files. .P Note that commands explicitly intended to run a particular script, such as \fBnpm start\fR, \fBnpm stop\fR, \fBnpm restart\fR, \fBnpm test\fR, and \fBnpm run-script\fR will still run their intended script if \fBignore-scripts\fR is set, but they will \fInot\fR run any pre- or post-scripts. .SS "\fBaudit\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" submit audit reports alongside the current npm command to the default registry and all registries configured for scopes. See the documentation for npm help audit for details on what is submitted. .SS "\fBbin-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Tells npm to create symlinks (or \fB.cmd\fR shims on Windows) for package executables. .P Set to false to have it not do this. This can be used to work around the fact that some file systems don't support symlinks, even on ostensibly Unix systems. .SS "\fBfund\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: true .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When "true" displays the message at the end of each \fBnpm install\fR acknowledging the number of dependencies looking for funding. See npm help fund for details. .SS "\fBdry-run\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Indicates that you don't want npm to make any changes and that it should only report what it would have done. This can be passed into any of the commands that modify your local installation, eg, \fBinstall\fR, \fBupdate\fR, \fBdedupe\fR, \fBuninstall\fR, as well as \fBpack\fR and \fBpublish\fR. .P Note: This is NOT honored by other network related commands, eg \fBdist-tags\fR, \fBowner\fR, etc. .SS "\fBworkspace\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: .IP \(bu 4 Type: String (can be set multiple times) .RE 0 .P Enable running a command in the context of the configured workspaces of the current project while filtering by running only the workspaces defined by this configuration option. .P Valid values for the \fBworkspace\fR config are either: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Workspace names .IP \(bu 4 Path to a workspace directory .IP \(bu 4 Path to a parent workspace directory (will result in selecting all workspaces within that folder) .RE 0 .P When set for the \fBnpm init\fR command, this may be set to the folder of a workspace which does not yet exist, to create the folder and set it up as a brand new workspace within the project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBworkspaces\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: null .IP \(bu 4 Type: null or Boolean .RE 0 .P Set to true to run the command in the context of \fBall\fR configured workspaces. .P Explicitly setting this to false will cause commands like \fBinstall\fR to ignore workspaces altogether. When not set explicitly: .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Commands that operate on the \fBnode_modules\fR tree (install, update, etc.) will link workspaces into the \fBnode_modules\fR folder. - Commands that do other things (test, exec, publish, etc.) will operate on the root project, \fIunless\fR one or more workspaces are specified in the \fBworkspace\fR config. .RE 0 .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinclude-workspace-root\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P Include the workspace root when workspaces are enabled for a command. .P When false, specifying individual workspaces via the \fBworkspace\fR config, or all workspaces via the \fBworkspaces\fR flag, will cause npm to operate only on the specified workspaces, and not on the root project. .P This value is not exported to the environment for child processes. .SS "\fBinstall-links\fR" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 Default: false .IP \(bu 4 Type: Boolean .RE 0 .P When set file: protocol dependencies will be packed and installed as regular dependencies instead of creating a symlink. This option has no effect on workspaces. .SS "See Also" .RS 0 .IP \(bu 4 npm help find-dupes .IP \(bu 4 npm help ls .IP \(bu 4 npm help update .IP \(bu 4 npm help install .RE 0 PK ! �� @ @ ko/index.dbnu �[��� PK ! 7�N� � ;@ ko/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� PK ! ��i ` ` 8A pt/index.dbnu �[��� PK ! 7�N� � s� pt/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� PK ! �?΅ ` ` p� nl/index.dbnu �[��� PK ! 7�N� � � nl/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� PK ! �3� � � � de/index.dbnu �[��� PK ! 7�N� � � de/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� PK ! 2�� @ @ � fi/index.dbnu �[��� PK ! 7�N� � � fi/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� PK ! p+�4 @ @ � sl/index.dbnu �[��� PK ! 7�N� � S& sl/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� PK ! �J# @ @ P' sr/index.dbnu �[��� PK ! 7�N� � �g sr/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� PK ! �xd` ` ` �h ru/index.dbnu �[��� PK ! 7�N� � �� ru/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� PK ! �{� @ @ �� da/index.dbnu �[��� PK ! 7�N� � � da/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� PK ! �c�\ @ @ � hu/index.dbnu �[��� PK ! 7�N� � 3K hu/CACHEDIR.TAGnu �[��� PK ! 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| ver. 1.4 |
Github
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